EEE101L

Electrical Circuits 1 Laboratory

Project Report
Section:06 Group No:02

Name of the experiment: RC Circuit Simulation Project using PSpice

Prepared by:
Name: Fatin Sharha ID: 24315003 Signature

All Group members:

Sl. Name ID Signature

1.​ Zarif Mahmud Nadir 24221165 Zarif

2.​ MD. ASIF SAZZAD 24121267 Asif

3.​ Fatin Sharha 24315003

4. Humayra Alam Anha 24315016 Anha

Date of Submission: 11/05/25
Objective:
In this experiment, we designed a circuit which will give a fluctuating DC Output
voltage for an Input Square Wave using PSpice simulation software, voltage divider
rule and Thevenin’s theorem.

DESIGN:

We designed our main circuit as well as its Thevenin equivalent circuit. By using
voltage divider rule and Thevenin’s theorem we performed necessary calculations to
find out the values of the circuit components. As for the Thevenin equivalent circuit,
we designed that in order to verify if it gives the same output across the capacitor as
the main circuit. The designs of the circuits and the detailed calculations of the
circuit components are given below.

Main circuit

●​ Circuit Diagram:

Fig: Design of our main circuit

●​ Selection of Circuit Components (Detailed Calculations):

𝐺= 2

In our circuit, we considered our load to be 𝐶1 and 𝑅3.

1.​ 𝑉𝑖𝑛

𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0 𝑉

𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 19 + 𝐺 = 19 + 2 = 21 𝑉

𝑓 = 20 × 𝐺 = 20 × 2 = 40 𝐻𝑧

2.​ 𝑅1 & 𝑅2

Here, we removed the load (𝐶1 and 𝑅3) from our main circuit and used
Thevenin’s theorem and the voltage divider rule to find the values of 𝑅1
and 𝑅2.

𝑉2 = 𝑉𝑡ℎ = 𝑉(𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔) = 10 𝑉

𝑅2
10 = 𝑅1+𝑅2
× 21

𝑅2 10
⇒ 𝑅1+𝑅2
= 21

therefore,
𝑅2 10
𝑅1
= 11

if 𝑅2 = 10 𝑘Ω

𝑅1 = 21 − 10 = 11 𝑘Ω
 3.​ Load (𝐶1 & 𝑅3)

τ = 𝑅𝐶 = 1 𝑚𝑠

For the R, we considered,

𝑅3 = 1𝑘Ω

hence,

𝑅3𝐶1 = 1

⇒ 𝐶1 = 1 µ𝑠

●​ PSPICE CIrcuit Connection (Before bias point detail):

Circuit 1: Main circuit formed using PSpice indicating the square wave input voltage
Circuit 2: Load removed from our main circuit and the driving voltage indicated

Circuit 3: Our main circuit indicating the output voltage across the capacitor
●​ PSPICE CIrcuit Connection (After bias point detail):

Circuit 1: Main circuit indicating the square wave input voltage after simulation using PSpice

Circuit 2: Main circuit (after removing load) indicating the driving voltage after simulation using PSpice
 Circuit 3: Main circuit indicating the output voltage across the capacitor after simulation using PSpice

●​ Output Waveform (PSPICE Simulation):

Circuit 1: Graph of input voltage vs time using PSpice

 Circuit 2: Graph of driving voltage vs time using PSpice

Circuit 3: Graph of output voltage vs time using PSpice

●​ Explanation:

Using PSpice simulation software, we designed, set up and simulated our

circuit. The objective was to create a circuit with square wave input voltage
source which would give a fluctuating DC output voltage across a capacitor.
Following the instructions, we first set the input voltage and then using
Thevenin’s theorem and voltage divider rule, we calculated and set the values
 of the first and second resistor values so that the voltage drop across the
second resistor is exactly 10 V which would be the driving voltage for the
capacitor. Afterwards, using the given time constant, we set the load capacitor
and resistor values. In a parallel connection with the second resistor, we set up
the load capacitor and resistor.

For the driving voltage, we know that the open circuit voltage gives Thevenin’s
voltage. In this case since the load were in a parallel connection with the
second resistor, the voltage drop across 𝑅2 (𝑉2) was Thevenin’s voltage (𝑉𝑡ℎ)
which was the driving voltage (𝑉(𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔)) for the capacitor.

Thevenin’s equivalent circuit of our main circuit

●​ Circuit Diagram:

Fig: Design of the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit of our main circuit

●​ Selection of Circuit Components (Detailed Calculations):

𝐺= 2

In our circuit, we considered our load to be 𝐶1 and 𝑅3.

1.​ 𝑉𝑖𝑛

here,

𝑉𝑡ℎ = 𝑉(𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔) = 𝑉𝑖𝑛

so,

𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0 𝑉

𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 10 𝑉

𝑓 = 40 𝐻𝑧

2.​ 𝑅𝑡ℎ

Here, using Thevenin’s theorem we calculated the value of 𝑅𝑡ℎ from 𝑅1

and 𝑅2.

1 1 1
𝑅𝑡ℎ
= 𝑅1
+ 𝑅2

1 1 1
⇒ 𝑅𝑡ℎ
= 11
+ 10

1 21
⇒ 𝑅𝑡ℎ
= 110

110
⇒ 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 21
= 5. 238 𝑘Ω
 3.​ Load (𝐶1 & 𝑅3)

𝑅3 = 1𝑘Ω

𝐶1 = 1 µ𝑠

●​ PSPICE CIrcuit Connection (Before bias point detail):

Circuit 4: Thevenin’s equivalent circuit formed using PSpice indicating the output voltage
●​ PSPICE CIrcuit Connection (After bias point detail):

Circuit 4: Thevenin’s equivalent circuit indicating the output voltage after simulation using PSpice

●​ Output Waveform (PSPICE Simulation):

Circuit 4: Graph of output voltage vs time using PSpice

 ●​ Explanation:

Using PSpice simulation software, we also set up and simulated Thevenin’s

equivalent of our circuit. The purpose for this was to check whether we get the
same fluctuating DC output voltage across the capacitor or not. We first set the
input voltage to Thevenin’s voltage (10 V). Then we calculated and set
Thevenin’s resistance (𝑅𝑡ℎ). Keeping the load unchanged, Thevenin’s
equivalent circuit was completed. And as it should, we got the exact same
output voltage across the capacitor as our main circuit.

Discussion:
As we’ve seen, the circuit we designed and its Thevenin equivalent both give the
same fluctuating DC output across the capacitor. Now, speaking about the output, the
ideal graph of output voltage vs time would show a triangular curve repeated for 10
cycles. The triangles would represent the charging and discharging or filtering of the
capacitor. Although capacitors’ charging and discharging cycles are not exactly
linear, rather they are exponential. But it can still appear linear if the charging and
discharging are rapid which is exactly what happens. Since the capacitor charges
and discharges for every cycle, we see repeated triangles or a zig zag curve which
represents the fluctuating DC voltage.

As for our circuit, our voltage output across the capacitor showed a similar graph.
However, it wasn’t a perfect zig zag. In order to achieve a more accurate smooth zig
zag what we can do is use a higher frequency. In that way, the capacitor’s filtering
would be even more rapid, making its voltage rise and drop seem more like straight
lines. Another way is increasing the number of cycles in our graph. Also, we could
select a lower value of our capacitor since low-value capacitors show faster transient
response and better filtering.

Regardless, our circuit pretty much accurately shows the fluctuating DC output
voltage across the capacitor using a square wave input voltage source, as we had
intended it to. Hence, our design is pretty accurate and correct.
All .sch files attached:

CIRCUIT SIMULATION PROJECT REPORT