NEKEMTE TVET COLLEGE

Basic Electronics Communication and

Multimedia Equipment Servicing
Level - II

Unit of Competence: Service and Repair mobile phones

Module Title: Servicing and repairing mobile phones
MO Code: EEL CMS2Mo7 1019

TTLM Code: EEL CMS2TTLM10 19 V1

LO2: Diagnose Faults of Cellular Phone

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Nekemte TVET College
and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II September 2020
 Information sheet: 1 Complete check-up of cellular phone is conducted and defects
are identified, verified and documented against customer
description

1.1Mobile Phone Fault Finding for Mobile Cell Phone Repairing

2.1Complete check-up of cellular phone is conducted and defects are identified, verified
and documented against customer description

Mobile Phone Fault Finding for Mobile Cell Phone Repairing – In order to repair any mobile
cell phone, we must find and know fault or problem present in Different Sections of Mobile
Phone, Parts and Components. If we know about problems of different parts and components
present in different sections inside a mobile cell phone then we can easily repair the fault by
checking the component.

FIG 1.1Mobile Phone Fault Finding

1.2Mobile Phone Fault Finding Method – Problems Identification & Troubleshooting

 While doing mobile phone repairing, we can do fault finding if we know different
sections inside a mobile cell .2. For Example – If there is Network Problem in a mobile
phone then we can easily repair the phone if we know different parts, components and their
function in the Network Section.

NOTE: This Lesson is on Fault Identification and Troubleshooting of Problems. It is Not

about Testing Methods. For Component Testing Methods, Please Read: Mobile Phone
Repairing Testing Methods
Following are different electronic parts and components in different sections inside a mobile
cell phone:
1. Network Fault
Antenna Switch, PFO, FEM, RF IC, VCO, RX-Filter, TX-Filter, RF Antenna, RF Crystal,
External Antenna Socket, Network Signal and Supply Control and Interface Section.
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Nekemte TVET College
and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II September 2020
 If we know about the parts and Electronic Components present in the Network section and
their function then we can easily repair the fault by looking at the code number of the faulty
component in the Circuit Diagram and Different PCB Layout Diagram.
In this way, we can easily make good use of circuit diagram for mobile cell phone repairing.

2. Power ON Fault

Battery (3.7 V), Battery Connector Jack, Power IC, CPU, Flash IC, S-RAM IC, RF Crystal,
RF Clock Section Component, RF IC, Power ON / OFF Trigger Components.
3. Charging Fault
Charger (5-6 V), Battery (3.7 V), Charger Connector, Charger Volt Fuse, Coil, Charger
Over Volt Protector, Charging IC, Power IC, Charging Regulator, Charging Volt Output
Components, Charger and Charger Volt Detector Components.
4. SIM Fault
SIM Card, SIM Socket, SIM Signal and Supply Interface Components, Resistance,
Coil, Power IC, CPU etc.

5. Ringer Fault
Ringer, Ringer Signal Input and Output Components, Audio Amplifier IC, Power IC, CPU
etc.

6. Ear Speaker Fault

Ear Speaker, Ear Speaker Signal Components, Audio Amplifier IC, CPU, Power IC etc.

7. Micro SD Card Fault / MMC Fault

Micro SD Card, Micro Card Connector, Micro Card Detector Switch, Micro Card Detector
Signal Components, CPU etc.

8. USB and Bottom Connector fault

USB and Bottom Connector, USB and Signal Interface Connector Components, USB Signal
Interface IC, USB Driver IC, CPU etc.

9. Keypad Fault
Key Tip, Key Pad Dot Sheet, Key Signal Filters, Key Signal Varactors, Key Board to Key
Connector, CPU etc.

10. Display Fault

LCD, LCD Connector, LCD Supply Components, LCD Signal Interface Filter IC, CPU, LCD
Signal Interface Resistance etc.

11. MIC Sound Fault

MIC, MIC Interface Connection, MIC Signal and Supply Components, Power IC, CPU
etc.

12. Backlight (LED) Fault

LED, Backlight Driver IC, Backlight Driver Section Components, Power IC, CPU etc.
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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II September 2020
 13. Bluetooth Fault
Bluetooth Antenna, Bluetooth Driver IC, Bluetooth Section Crystal, CPU etc.

14. FM Radio Fault

Hands Free Lead, Hands Free Connector, FM and Bluetooth IC, FM Driver IC, CPU
etc.

15. Vibrator Fault

Vibrator Motor, Vibration Supply Components, Power IC, Vibrator Driver IC etc.

16. Touch Screen Fault

1.3Repair of Common Mobile Phone Faults/defect

What is a fault?

A fault is a defect (a failure in a circuit) or an electronic device.

What causes faults or failures in mobile phones?

Failures can be caused by any of the following:

• Excess temperature,

• Excess current or voltage,

• Mechanical shock,

• Stress or impact,

• Mechanical stress,

• Short circuits,

• Imperfect connections,

• Poor insulation or wiring caused by grounding.

There are three types of mobile phone faults:

i. Hardware faults: occur due to hardware

malfunctioning

ii. Software faults: occur due to problems

with software

iii. Settings faults: occur due to

wrong/invalid setting

Let us discuss each type of faults and how they can be repaired.

[Link] Faults
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Nekemte TVET College
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 Many hardware faults can occur in a mobile phone, such as:

a) Battery charging faults/problems

b) Mobile phone battery problem (faults)

c) Network not working problem

d) Overheating problem

e) Sound faults

f) Ear piece, ringer and microphone problem

g) Display problems

h) Lighting or LED problems

i) Touchscreen problems

j) Keypad problems

k) SIM faults

l) WiFi problem and internet connectivity problems

a) Battery Charging Faults/Problems

Battery charging faults manifest in a number of ways:

• The battery is not charge at all,

• There is a sign of battery charging but the battery does not get charged.

• When the charger is inserted, it shows ‘Not Charging’.

• When the charger is connected it shows ‘Bad Connecting Charging’.

• When the charger is inserted the mobile phone gets hot.

Solutions to Battery charging fault

1. Change the charger and check. The voltage must be between 5 and 7 Volts.

2. Clean, resold or change the charger Connector.

3. If the phone shows “FALSE CHARGING” then use a 3.6 Volt Zenor Diode and

do direct charging.

4. If the problem is not solved then change the battery and check again

5. Check the voltage of the battery connector using a Multimeter. The voltage
should be between 1.5 and 3.7 Volts.

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 6. If there is no voltage in the connector check the track of the charging section.

Refer to the diagram of the particular model of the mobile phone(fig1).

7. If the problem persists, check the fuse, coil and regulator one by one and change
the faulty part.

8. If the problem is still not solved then heat or change the charging IC.

9. Finally heat, re-ball or change the Power IC.

+ + + -

- 3.6V Zenor Diode

Charging Connector Battery Conne

fig1.2: charging block diagram

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Nekemte TVET College
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 B) Mobile Phone Battery problem

A mobile cell phone can have any of the following battery problems:

• Low Battery

• Battery Drains Fast

• Battery Backup Low,

• Battery Not chargin

 Solutions to Battery faults

1. Check the battery connector and charger plug to see if there is any problem.

2. Check if there is any dust or corrosion in the connector or any broken pin. Clean
the points using IPA or cleaning swabs.

3. Check the Interface Connector to see if there is any dust. If there is dust
clean or replace the interfaceconnector.

4. If the battery problem is not solved then upgrade the software or operating
system to latest version

5. If the problem is still not solved then check the Mobile Phone PBA current
consumption.

6. Check for any short circuit.

7. If there is serious problem at the board level then it is better to replace the
whole Logic Board of the Mobile Cell Phone.

[Link] Not Working Problem

The common issues related to this problem include the following:

• There is no network in the mobile phone

• There is less or weak network signal

• Sometimes there is a signal and sometimes there is no

network signal.

 Solutions to Network fault

1. Manually search for the network. If the ‘no network problem’ persists, then
 There is a problem with the Antenna Switch. Repair or replace it.

2. If the network resumes after manual search but the home network cannot be
selected, then there is a problem with the PFO. Repair or change the PFO.

3. If the Network gets disconnected during phone calls then you should repair or
change the Network IC.

4. Clean the antenna tips and point.

5. If the network problem persists, heat or change the 26MHz Crystal Oscillator.

6. If the problem is still not solved then heat or change the Antenna Switch. You can
also jumper if the Antenna Switch is not available.

7. Heat, Change or Jumper the PFO if the problem persists.

8. Heat, re-ball or change the Network IC.

9. Heat, re-ball or change the Power IC.

10. Heat, re-ball or change the CPU.

[Link] Signal and Call Drop Problem

If a mobile phone is having network problems and dropping calls, then you should use the f
ollowing steps to solve it:

1. Check the SIM Card. Insert the SIM card in other mobile phone and see
if the network problem or the ‘call drop’ problem is still there.
2. Alternatively, try to insert another SIM card inside the mobile phone
that has the network problem. If the SIM card causes the problem, then you
should change or replace it.
3. If the problem is still not resolved then upgrade the operating system to
the latest version. You can also rewrite the IMEI Number of the mobile cell phone.
4. If the problem is not solved then you may have to change the mobile
phone.
[Link] Phone Overheating

A mobile phone may overheat either inside or on the body. To solve this problem you
should proceed as follows:

1. Check if the mobile phone overheats when a particular application is

running or if the overheating happens all the time.
2. Upgrade the mobile phone software operating system to the latest
version. This may solve the overheating problem.
3. Smartphone’s overheat if too many applications are running at the
same time. Close all the applications and try to run 1 application at a time
4. If overheating persists, then there is some internal hardware problem.
Change the PCB or Logic Board to solve the heating problem.
F. Sound Faults
 We shall consider the following types of sound faults:

 Earpiece or ear speaker problem

 Mobile phone speaker problem
 Ringer problem
 Vibration problem
 Microphone problem
i). Earpiece or Ear Speaker Problem

The Earpiece or speaker is the electronic component or part that helps us to listen to
sound during a phone call. It is controlled by Audio IC or Power IC (UEM). See Figure 27
for a picture of an ear speaker.

Figure 1.3

The common problems associated with the ear speaker are:

 No sound during phone call

 Low sound during phone call
 Sound has interruptions.

 How to Solve Earpiece or Speaker Fault

1. Check the speaker volume during a phone call.

2. If speaker volume is fine, then check the earpiece by keeping the
multimeter in buzzer mode. The value must be between 25~35 Ohm. If the value
is not between 25,~35 Ohm then change the earpiece.
3. If the problem is not solved then check the Circuit Track of the earpiece
section. Do jumper wherever required.
4. If the problem persists heat, reball of change the UEM/Audio IC.
5. If the problem is still not solved then heat, reball or change the CPU.

ii. Ringer Problem

A Ringer is any type of electronic component that rings or plays a loud sound. It is also
called the I.H.F Speaker, buzzer, melody, etc. Figure 28 shows a picture of a ringer.
 Figure 1.4 ringer /buzzer... Source ([Link]
[Link])

The following are the types of problems associated with the ringer:

 Ringer not working

 Low sound from the Ringer
 Sound coming from Ringer but with interruption
 Sound not clear

 How to Solve Ringer Faults

1. Check the ringer settings in the mobile phone. Check Ringer volume
and silent mode. Adjust or change the volume and /or mode if required.
2. If the problem is not solved then open the mobile phone and clean the
ringer point and ringer connector.
3. If the problem is not solved then check the ringer by keeping the
multimeter in buzzer mode. The value must be between 8 ~ 10 Ohm. If the value
is not between 8~10 Ohm then change the Ringer.
4. If the problem is not solved then check the track of ringer section. Do
jumper wherever required.
5. If the problem is not solved then check the Ringer IC. Heat or change
the IC.
6. If the problem is not solved then heat, reball or change the UEM / Logic
IC.
7. If the problem is still not solved then heat, reball or change the CPU.

iii. Vibration Problem

 The vibrator is an electronic device that generates vibrations. It is controlled by the Logic
IC or Power IC.

Fig 1.5

The common types of faults associated with the vibrator are:

 Vibrator not working

 Vibration has an interruption
 Vibration Hangs.
 How to solve Mobile Vibrator faults

1. Check the Vibrator settings in the mobile phone. Check if the Vibrator is
ON or OFF.
2. If the problem is not solved, then open the mobile cell phone and clean
the vibrator tips and connector.
3. If the problem is not solved then check the vibrator with the multimeter
in Buzzer Mode. The value must be between 8~16 Ohm. If the value is not
between 8, ~16 Ohm then change the Vibrator or Motor.
4. If the problem is not solved then check the track of the vibrator section.
Do jumper wherever required.
5. If the problem is not solved then heat, reball or change the UEM/Logic
IC /Power IC.
6. If the problem is still not solved then heat, reball or change the CPU.
iv. Microphone Problem

The Microphone is an electronic component that helps to transmit sound during phone
call. A microphone is controlled by Audio IC or Power IC (UEM).

The common types of problems associated with the microphone are:

 Low sound during phone call

 Sound has interruption
 Change in sound.
How to Solve Microphone Fault

1. Check the Microphone settings.

 Figure1.6: Jumper Setting For Microphone
2. If all the settings are normal, then check and clean the Microphone
tips and connector.
3. If the problem is not solved then check the Microphone with the
multimeter in Buzzer Mode. The value must be between 600~1800
Ohm. If the value is not in between that range, then change the
Microphone. Note that only one side will give a value.
4. If the problem is not solved then check the track of the Microphone
section. Do Jumper wherever required.
5. If the problem is not solved then heat or change the Microphone IC.
6. If the problem is not solved then heat, reball, or change the UEM /
Audio IC /Power IC.
7. If the problem is still not solved then heat, reball or change the CPU.

g) Display Not Working

This part displays information in a mobile phone. The CPU controls it. In some cell
phones there is an Interface IC called the Display IC situated between the Display
and the CPU.

The following are the common types of problems associated with the display:

 Display is blank.
 Display not working properly.
 Only half the display works.
 White display.
 Display is upside down.
 Display is broken.
 When the mobile phone is switched ON, the Logo appears and
then the display disappears

How to Solve Display Faults in a Mobile Cell Phone

1. Clean the display tips and display connector.

2. Resold the display connector
3. Change the display
4. Check the display Track.
5. Resold or change the display IC.
6. Heat, reball or change the CPU.
h) Mobile Light or LED Problem and Solution

The LED is the electronic component that generates light in the mobile phone. There
are 2 types of connections in the light section of a mobile phone:

 Series Connection;
 Parallel Connection.

Figure 36 shows a diagram of series and parallel connections.

Series Parallel
Connection Connection
Figure 1.7: Diagram Showing Series and Parallel Connections

The common symptoms of LED problems are:

 No Light.
 Light only in the Keypad or Display.
 Some lights not working
How to Solve a LED problem
[Link] the light settings.
[Link] the settings are normal then resold all the LED.
[Link] the problem is not solved then change the display or the screen.
4. Next, check all the LEDs with the multimeter on Buzzer mode. If the
LED is good then it will glow. If the LED is faulty then it will not glow.
5. Change the LED or jumper if required.
6. If the problem is not solved then check the Track of the light section of
the PCB and jumper if required.
7. Next check the Boosting Coil and change if required.
8. If the problem is not solved then heat or change the Light IC.
9. If the problem is still not solved then heat, reball or change the Power
IC.
 i) Phone Touch Screen (PDA) fault

A Touch Screen (PDA) is an electronic component that allows you to input data or
control your mobile phone by touching the screen. It normally has 4 Points namely:

 (+),
 (-),
 (RX),
 (TX).
The CPU normally controls the touch screen. In some mobile phones there is an
Interface IC called PDA IC or Screen Touch IC.

The following are the faults associated with the Touch Screen

 Touch Screen not working.

 Only half the Touch Screen works.
 When one key is pressed, another key works.
How to Solve Touch Screen (PDA) Faults

1. Check the settings if the mobile phone has both a keypad and a touch screen.
2. Clean and resold the PDA Tips and PDA connector.
3. Change the PDA.
4. Check the Track of the PDA section and Jumper if required.
5. Heat or change the PDA IC
6. Heat, reball or change the CPU

5 Types of PDA jumper solution

Figure1.8: Jumper settings for PDA

(h) Keypad Problems

The keypad enables you to enter data, such as, phone numbers and names in your
mobile phone.

The main types of problems associated with the keypad are:

  Some keys not working.
 Keys need more pressure to work.
 When a key is pressed it works continuously.
 When one key is pressed, some other key works
 When one key is pressed, some other key works simultaneously.

How to Solve a Keypad Faults

1. Check the facial of the keypad.

2. Clean the keypad and keypad points shown in Figure 38 below.

Row

Column

Figure 1.9: Keypads and keypad points

3. Using the multimeter in Buzzer Mode and check the Row and Column of the
Keypad. If there is a beeping sound then the keypad is working.
4. If there is no improvement, heat or change the Keypad IC or the Interface IC.
5. If still no change, heat, reball or change the CPU.

(i) Mobile Phone SIM faults

A Subscriber Identify Module (SIM) card is an integrated circuit that securely stores
information about the number of the cell phone line, password, and information related to
your local network service. It has a unique serial number.
 Fig 1.10 sim connection block diagram

The following are the common problems associated with the SIM card:

 SIM is inserted but still there is a message saying “Insert SIM”.

 The mobile phone goes OFFLINE when the SIM card is inserted.
 The SIM works for sometime and then stops working.
 There is a message that says “Invalid SIM”

How to Solve SIM Card Fault

1. Check settings and see if the mobile phone is in Flight Mode. If it is in “Flight
Mode” then change it to Normal mode.
2. Clean the SIM Card Tips and SIM Connector.
3. If the problem is not solved then change the SIM card and check.
4. If the problem still persists then change the SIM connector.
5. If you still do not find a solution to the problem, check the Track of the SIM section.
6. If the problem is still not solved then heat or change the SIM IC.
7. Finally, if there is no change, heat, reball or change the Power IC.

(j) Mobile Wi-Fi Wireless Internet Connection Problem:

 This problem may present in the following ways:

 No internet
 Low Wi-Fi signal
 Wi-Fi cannot be enabled

How to Solve Wi-Fi problem

1. Enable Wi-Fi and check if it is working or not. Make sure you are connected to a
wireless network. Make sure the password is correct.
2. If the Wi-Fi cannot be enabled and you are not able to use or access the internet,
then there could be problem with the mobile phone PCB and you may have to
replace it.
3. If the Wi-Fi can be enabled then there is no problem with the PCB. Just upgrade
the software of the mobile phone to the latest version.

You now know the common hardware problems found in mobile cell phones. Next let us
discuss the software problems and how to solve them.

1.4 Other common mobile phone problems

 fig1.
11

Technology issues are some of the most aggravating problems we face on a regular
basis. Whether it’s a server crashing, our favorite website being down or a hard drive
getting wiped out, tech issues take time and money to resolve, which is plenty of cause
for frustration.

Mobile phone problems can sometimes feel the most invasive and solutions aren’t always
easy to come by. We rely on our cell phones more and more every day, so when we
encounter difficulty with them and have to take them somewhere to get them fixed, it can
be a real pain. Fortunately, many common cell phone problems are easy to resolve if you
know how.

Check out our guide on how to fix the most common smartphone problems below. Keep
in mind that some cell phone solutions will require professional repair assistance.

1. Your Phone is Responding Slowly

By far, the issue that plagues most smartphone users is a device that appears to slow
down over time. New updates to the operating system, especially on aging phones, along
with apps that run when not in use seem to be what triggers slow responses the most. As
long as it isn’t your phone’s age that is causing it to lag, there are a few things you can
do.

Solution: Clear the Cache and Make Some Room

Start by closing apps that you aren’t using, and alter your settings to keep unimportant
apps from running in the background at all times. These eat up valuable RAM space.
Feel free to delete apps and software that you don’t need and free up storage space by
moving photos and other content to a cloud service.

If your problem is with slow internet speeds rather than phone speeds, try alternating
between data and Wi-Fi to see which has a stronger signal, and close other apps or
location services that may be taking up bandwidth. Just be careful not to go over your
data limit if you opt to go with data over Wi-Fi. If you are experiencing lag as a result of a
weak network, there may not be much you can do. If it’s because you are using an old
phone that is incompatible with new updates, you may want to consider selling your
phone for cash and upgrading.

2. Your Battery Doesn’t Seem to Hold Up

fig 1.12

How can you use your phone if it doesn’t stay alive long enough? Battery problems are
one of the most common phone frustrations, usually caused by user abuse. Next time
you find that your phone is taking forever to charge to 100 percent or that it seems to die
on you way too fast, try changing a few of the following settings and clearing apps that
can drain your battery.

Solution: Maximize Your Standby Time

First, make sure the charger you are using is optimized for your battery. Then, shorten
your screen timeout setting so that your phone will fall asleep sooner when not in use,
and reduce your brightness when possible. If your phone has a battery saving mode,
initiate it whenever you need your phone to be accessible without plugging it in for
several hours. Finally, and maybe most importantly, alter your settings so that system-
hogging apps and updates don’t run in the background.

3. Your Screen Is Cracked

Since our phone screens are made of glass, it’s no surprise that sometimes a heavy
impact with the ground can cause them to break. Cracks may lead to problems with your
touchscreen responses or let in moisture over time, so it’s important to have your phone
repaired after the screen gets damaged.

Solution: Repair for Now, Prevent for Later

If your screen has already cracked, you will want to have it replaced as soon as you can.
After that, the best course of action — as with most smartphone problems and solutions
— is all about prevention. Invest in a reliable case and screen protector or keep your
phone in a padded pouch or wallet — something that will cushion the fall should it slip
from your grasp.
4. Your Device Got Wet

Accidents happen to the best of us. It’s frightening when your phone gets submerged in
water, especially if the display starts flashing or looking abnormal. You may think your
cell phone is history, and it’s true that water damage is perhaps one of the trickiest phone
problems to deal with, but there’s always still a sliver of hope. Your best bet is to get
some professional help.

Solution: Take It to the Repair Shop

Rather than panicking, turn off your device, maybe throw it in some rice if you have any
on hand to help absorb some of the moisture and head to your nearest phone repair
place. Don’t plug your phone in or attempt to fix it on your own. The technician will be
able to determine the extent of the damage, take the device apart to dry out the pieces,
and repair or replace specific parts as necessary.

5. Your Phone Is Overheating

fig1.13

Holding a strangely warm phone can be a weird experience, and it can be hard to know
the best way to fix it without tossing the device in the freezer. Overheating can severely
damage your battery and screen life — and so would the moisture and cold from the
icebox, we should mention — so if you notice your phone is way too hot, here are some
better ways to cool it down.

Solution: Keep It Cool and Inactive

For starters, your phone should be kept out of direct sunlight and stored in a dry, shaded
bag or pocket that won’t transfer the sun’s heat. After removing outside heat sources,
take some time to relax your busy phone by reducing brightness, closing apps, abstaining
from overbearing Wi-Fi or data use, and making sure to postpone downloads or updates
until you’re in more ideal circumstances, like when you plug your phone in at night.
6. You’ve Filled up Your Storage Space

People are taking pictures and videos more now than ever before, so storage space has
become a real issue for a lot of smartphone users. Apps, downloads and new operating
system features also contribute to the cramped space within your phone’s memory.
Fortunately, there are a few simple ways to clear some room.

Solution: Expand Your Storage Options Beyond Your Phone’s Memory

In the same way that homeowners still invest in storage units to hold extra belongings,
you can find other devices for your data and pictures. You can embrace a variety of
cloud-based options, like iCloud or Google Drive, or you can transfer your content to
external hard-drives or a computer to remove miscellaneous archives from your mobile
device. A third possibility would be to purchase a microSD card to give your phone itself
some extra memory. You could, of course, also go through the old process of printing out
your photos and deleting them from your device once you have a physical copy you’re
happy with.

7. Your Screen Keeps Freezing

When your phone is frozen, and the home button doesn’t even work, the only thing you
can do is force the device to shut down and restart. But what if it seems like it’s
constantly happening? If your phone is freezing frequently, it can be pretty inconvenient,
and it’s usually caused by low storage space, excessive app use and, occasionally,
malware infection.

Solution: Clean up Your Phone

Some form of housekeeping is likely in order. Close apps that are running, clear the
cache, delete programs you don’t need, move some of your stuff over to an external
hard-drive or get an app that literally cleans up the trash on your phone for you. Your
phone will likely begin running much more smoothly after some of that extra data and
activity is wiped away. You can also take some steps to protect your phone from
viruses in the future.

8. A Particular App Is Constantly Crashing

Every once in a while, your favorite app may decide to give you some unwanted trouble
by freezing or crashing a lot. If it’s just one app that’s giving you issues, it may have to do
with the app not being optimized for your operating system or that the latest version of
the program simply has a lot of bugs. It can be hard to know what to do when this keeps
happening.

Solution: Troubleshoot and Check With the App Developer

Start by quitting the problematic app, perhaps even deleting and re downloading it to
clear some unnecessary data. If you want to preserve your data on the app, try restarting
your phone. If it continues to crash, head over to your app store and see if other people
have left reviews that communicate similar problems.

Next, look up the app developer on social media sites and see if they’ve released a
statement or tips for resolving the issue. From there, of course, you can always contact
the developer directly about what you’re experiencing. It may be a problem they haven’t
yet heard about.

9. The Entire Phone Is Constantly Crashing

fig1.
14

If it’s more than one specific app that is having issues and your phone sometimes shuts
down or restarts on its own, you may have an entirely different problem on your hands.
Bugs are common with new operating system updates, but if you haven’t downloaded
anything new recently, diagnosing the problem becomes a bit tricky. There may even be
some hardware kinks involved. Take a few initial steps to clean up your system, then see
if there are other measures that you need to consider.

Solution: Restart and Reset

Begin by simply restarting your device to clear temporary memory and active app data. If
the phone is frozen, you’ll need to force the device to shut down. Then, check to see if
you can widen your available storage space by deleting some unnecessary data.

In the end, if you’re still having trouble, a factory reset may be the best thing you can do
to give your phone a clean slate. If the problem lies with malfunctioning or aging
hardware, you may need to visit the repair shop and go from there.

10. You Have Bad Reception

While more than likely your phone is not at fault for networking issues or poor cell signal,
it is worth including this common problem in this list. For the most part, changing settings
on your phone is not going to solve your connectivity dilemma. However, there are times
when it is your hardware that is causing the problem, and, in those cases, there are a few
steps you can take, but it may require seeking outside help.
Solution: Try Some At-Home Fixes, Then Call the Experts

Before you do anything else, make sure that you’re not just experiencing normal,
unavoidable network problems like a dead spot where no one can get signal. If other
devices are having trouble connecting, it’s probably your network as a whole and not your
phone that you need to address. In this case, try calling your carrier or Internet service
provider for some assistance.

If your phone truly is the culprit, try restarting it first. Then, make sure you have the latest
version of your operating system installed. At that point, if you still have difficulty
connecting, you may need to do some web searching or call your phone manufacturer to
help out.

11. You’re Having Trouble With Bluetooth

fig1.15

While fewer cables might seem like fewer problems, that is not always the case with
Bluetooth devices. If a device isn’t pairing, it can even be more frustrating because you
literally can’t see where the problem is. The issue might not be visible, but if you try a few
of these fixes, you should be able to figure out how to solve it.

Solution: Do Some Troubleshooting

For starters, is that Bluetooth device compatible with your phone? The device might not
be universal for all phones. You can also try placing the devices right next to each other
to make sure that no obstruction is causing the issue. Once you have attempted that and
checked to make sure Bluetooth is turned on, you can always try turning both your phone
and the device off and back on again.

12. Your Charging Port Stopped Working

Just as with phone batteries, over time your charging cables and port will wear down. On
your phone, the little metal tabs around the opening where you plug in your charger can
get damaged or dirty, which can complicate or slow down its charging capabilities. It’s not
always the charging port that is causing charger problems though, so feel free to do a
little troubleshooting before admitting defeat and shelling out for a phone repair.

Solution: Do What You Can, Then Have It Fixed Professionally

If you just need to brush away some debris from the port, try using an unused toothbrush
or cotton swab to clean out the gunk that’s preventing a good connection to your charging
cable. If it’s the cable or wall adapter that’s faulty, swap them out. Unfortunately, if the
issue is really related to a broken charging port, you’ll need to head to the repair shop.

Other Smartphone Issues and Their Solutions

If the problem you’re experiencing isn’t explicitly addressed in this list, you may be able to
search for solutions online. Do some web searches using your phone’s make and model
and the particular difficulty you are having. You can also contact us for some additional
assistance if the tips in this post don’t seem to fix the problem. We are here to help!

If your phone is ultimately beyond repair, consider selling your phone to The Whiz Cells
to get cash to put towards a new one. We accept a wide variety of devices, pay our
sellers faster than anyone else in the business and offer free shipping. So even if your
mobile phone problem can’t be fixed with the steps we’ve listed, you can be on your way
to a new, problem-free phone in no time.

Self-check 1 MATCHING

Name: __________________________________Date: ________________________

Time Start: ___________________________Time Finish: ____________________

Match the cell phone problems or fault in Column A with the correct solutions in
Column B.

Cell Phone Problem Solutions

Display not working Clean and resolder the PDA tips

Faulty ear piece Check the speaker volume

Close all the applications and run one at a

Phone is overheating
time

Network problem Change the charger

Vibrator is not working Repair the antenna

Phone dropping calls Rewrite the IMEI number of the phone

Touch screen problem Check if phone is in vibrate mode

Battery problem Resold the display connector

Operation Sheet #1 Solve Earpiece or Speaker Fault

Purpose: The following statements describe Solve Earpiece or Speaker Fault

Procedure

1. Follow saftry rule and procedure

2. Check the speaker volume during a phone call.

3. . If speaker volume is fine, then check the earpiece by keeping the multimeter in
buzzer mode. The value must be between 25~35 Ohm. If the value is not between
25,~35 Ohm then change the earpiece.

4. If the problem is not solved then check the Circuit Track of the earpiece section.
Do jumper wherever required.
5. If the problem persists heat, reball of change the UEM/Audio IC.
 6. If the problem is still not solved then heat, reball or change the CPU.

PRECAUTIONS:-

You should not forget to wear your PPEs. You should take care of not to contact
any bare part of your body

Operation Sheet #2 Mobile Phone SIM faults repairing

Purpose: The following statements describe How to Solve SIM Card Fault

PROCEDURE:-
1. Follow safety rule and procedure
2. Check settings and see if the mobile phone is in Flight Mode. If it is in
“Flight Mode” then change it to Normal mode.
3. Clean the SIM Card Tips and SIM Connector.
4. If the problem is not solved then change the SIM card and check.
5. If the problem persists then change the SIM connector.
6. If you still do not find a solution to the problem, check the Track of the SIM
section.
7. If the problem is still not solved then heat or change the SIM IC.
8. Finally, if there is no change, heat, reball or change the Power
PRECAUTIONS:-

You should not forget to wear your PPEs. You should take care of not to contact any bare
part of your body

References

Wikipedia. 2010. Form factor (mobile phones). [ONLINE] Available at:

[Link] [Accessed 04 July
15].

Shashilata D. [Link]-phone-repairing-tools-equipment-tools-to-repair-mobile-cell-
[Link]. [ONLINE] Available at: [Link] [Accessed
05 February 15].

Service manuals, Schematics. 2010. Service manuals, Schematics > Mobile Phones >
Nokia. [ONLINE] Available at:

[Link] [Accessed 05 February 15].

Phone Repair [Link] CellPhone Repair Tutorials [ONLINE] Available at:

[Link] 05 February 15].
computer [Link] is a Jumper?.[ONLINE] Available at:
[Link] 06 March 15].

allgsmtips. 2013. What Are The Parts Inside A Cell Phone. [ONLINE] Available at:
[Link] [Accessed 06 February 15].
Information Sheet #2 Systematic pre-testing procedure is followed in
accordance with manufacturer’s instructions
2.1 pre testing procedures

 What is the purpose of pretesting?

Pretesting your survey is an important way to pinpoint problem areas, reduce

measurement error, reduce respondent burden, determine whether or not
respondents are interpreting questions correctly, and ensure that the order of
questions is not influencing the way a respondent answers.
 What are pre-test procedures?
The Pre/Post-test method is designed to measure trainee’s growth in knowledge
and/or skill over the course of a unit of study or grading period. The Pre/Post-test
method can be helpful to trainers in determining growth toward the achievement on
specific standards .

 Why is pretesting of a questionnaire important?

Pretesting can help you determine the strengths and weaknesses of your survey or
questionnaire. By making your main concern for your pretest to have a reliable
question format and also a good wording and order. By establishing a correct pertest,
your questionnaire will yield better results

 What is pretesting of a questionnaire?

Pretesting is done on a small sample of respondents from the target population. After
the pilot test, both the interviewer(s) and respondents are asked a series of questions
regarding the survey as well as the process of data collection during the debriefing
session.

2.2 Mobile Phone Repairing Testing Methods

Mobile Phone Repairing Testing Methods – Fault Finding, Testing and Checking of
Mobile Phone Parts, Components and Section of a Mobile Cell Phone can be done
using following 2 methods at the time of repairing mobile cell phone. These methods
can also be used for Fault Finding or Testing and Checking Mobile Components.

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 Fig 2.1

2.2 Mobile Phone Repairing Testing Methods for Fault Finding of Mobile Components

Let us Understand these 2 Main Mobile Phone Repairing Testing Methods in Detail.

1. Cold Testing Method

When we check the value of Resistance Using a Multimeter at the time of mobile repairing
and fault finding, it is called cold testing. There is no need to give any power supply to the
faulty mobile phone from any equipment such as DC Power Supply or Battery during Cold
Testing.

Diode Range and Beep Sound from the Multimeter is used to find fault in a mobile cell
phone using the cold testing method of mobile phone repairing. In this testing method, the
RED Probe of the multimeter is connected to the Ground of the Mobile Phone PCB and
the BLACK Probe is touched at the Testing Points of the Mobile Phone.

During the fault finding and repairing process of each part, SMD Electronic Component or
Mobile Phone Section, following correct values will be received:

 Ear Phone Connector Tip (+ , -): .500 to .700

 Loud Speaker / Ringer Connector Tip (+,-): .300 to .600
 Battery Connector Tip (+): .400 to .500
 Battery Connector Tip (Sense): above .800
 Display Connector Supply Pins: .250 to .400
 Display Connector Signal Pins: .500 to .800
 Camera Connector Supply Pins: .250 to .400

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  Camera Connector Signal Pins: .600 to .900
 Key Tip (Row and Column): .400 to .800
 Charger Connector Tip: .600 to .700
 Vibrator Motor Connector: .40 to .500
 Power ON / OFF Switch Point (+): .600 to .900
 MIC Connector Tip (Analog MIC) (+,-): .700 to .900
 Battery Charging Out Point (+,-): .300 to .400
 SIM Card Connector Pin 1 (VSim): .500 to .700
 SIM Card Connector Pin 2,3,6: .400 to .800
 SIM Card Connector Pin 4 (GND): .00 (Beep)
 Micro SD Card Connector Pin 4: .500 to .600
 Micro Card Connector Pin 6 (GND): .00 (Beep)
 Micro Card Connector Pin 1,2,3,5,7,8: .600 to .800
 RTC: .400 to .500
 Data RX and TX Pins: .600 to .700

2. Hot Testing Method

This is the second method of fault finding and repairing any mobile cell phone. Hot testing
method is used when the fault cannot be found or when the phone cannot be repaired
using the Cold Testing Method.

In this Process, VOLTAGE of damaged part, component or section of a mobile phone is

checked. The fault is found by giving Power Supply to the mobile phone with a Battery OR
DC Power [Link] this method, DC V (DC Volt) range of the Multimeter is selected.
The BLACK Probe of the multimeter is connected with the Ground of the Mobile Phone
PCB and the RED Probe is touched at the Testing Points.

During Hot Testing method, Voltage of different part or sections should be as follows (All
Values in Volt):

1. Ear Phone Connector Tip (+ , -) during working: .0 to 2.5

2. Loud Speaker / Ringer Connector Tip (+,-) during working: .0 to 2.5

3. Battery Connector Tip (+): 3.7

4. Display Connector Supply Pins: 1.8 to 2.9

5. Display Connector Signal Pins During Working: .0 to 1.8

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 6. Camera Connector Supply Pins: 1.8 to 2.9

7. Camera Connector Signal Pins During Working: .0 to 1.8

8. Key Tip (Row and Column) One Side: 1.8 to 2.8

9. Charger Connector Tip: 5 to 6

10. Vibrator Motor Connector Tip During Working: 1.9 to 3.6

11. Power ON / OFF Switch Point (+): 3 to 3.6

12. MIC Connector Tip (Analog MIC) (+,-): 1.8 to 3.0

13. Battery Charging Out Point (+,-): 3.7 to 4.2

14. SIM Card Connector Pin 1 (VSim) When SIM Connected: 1.8 to 3.0

15. SIM Card Connector Pin 2,3,6 During Working: 0 to 2.8

16. Micro SD Card Connector Pin: 2.8

17. Micro Card Connector Pin 1,2,3,5,7,8: 0 to 2.8

18. Data RX and TX Pins: 1.8 to 2.8

2.3Disassembling and Assembling a Mobile Cell Phone

 What is to disassemble?

To disassemble is to take something apart or to break it down into pieces.

 What is to assemble?

To assemble is to fit together all the separate pieces in order to form one whole.

Before you continue reading, complete the following activity.

 Disassembling a Mobile Phone

The following are the steps that you should take when disassembling a mobile
Phone:

1. Switch off the phone

2. Remove the battery cover
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 3. Remove the battery, SIM card memory card (if any)
4. Remove all the screws from the phone
5. Lift back the cover with the help of a flat screwdriver
6. Remove the strips (buzzer strip, display, camera, volume and speaker button
Strips)
7. Remove the antennae wire from the outside
8. Remove the motherboard and vibrator.

To successfully disassemble a phone, you need to understand the various internal

Sections of a mobile phone and how they are connected to the CPU. Let us look at
that next.

 Internal Parts of a Mobile Phone

Table below outlines the main sections and how they are connected.

Internal Section Connections

SIM Card Interface section is directly connected with the
CPU in most mobile cell phones. If there is no power supply
in a mobile phone then the SIM section is connected with
SIM card section the CPU through the Power IC.

In most phones the micro SD card holder is connected

through a 8-pin socket. The memory card section is
Memory card section found inside the CPU

In modern mobile cell phones which have a separate ear

speaker, the speaker is directly connected to the CPU. It
receives sound via signals directly from the CPU of from
the audio section inbuilt within the CPU. In some mobile
phones, these sound signals are received via coil /
resistance. Some mobile phones have audio IC in the
Ear Speaker Section audio section, while others have audio amplifier.

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 The ringer, buzzer or speaker in most mobile phones are
connected to the audio amplifier IC to obtain loud sound.
The amplifier IC amplifies the sound or audio signal
Speaker/Ringer Section received from the CPU of the audio section.

Table 1: Internal parts of a

mobile phone

[Link] a Mobile Phone

The following are the steps that you should take when assembling a mobile
phone:
1. Fix the vibrator strips of speaker and volume button
2. Fix the motherboard
3. Connect the antenna with wire
4. Place the camera and connect it
5. Place the buzzer
6. Put the camera cover
7. Make sure that the LCD is working before you place the screen
8. Put battery and battery cover

2.3.1Diagnosing and Repairing Mobile

Phone Fault

The correct diagnosis of mobile cell phone faults is the key to successful and
cost effective repair of the phone. Let us start by looking at the skills that you
need to have to be able to diagnose and repair a mobile phone.

[Link] Needed to Diagnose and Repair a Mobile Phone

Before you can diagnose and repair a phone, there are some skills that you need to
learn. These skills are:

• Soldering

• Desoldering

• Testing using a multimeter

• Jumper setting
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 Let us briefly discuss each skill in turn.

[Link]

Soldering is a process in which two or more metal items are joined together by
melting and flowing a filler metal into the joint. The filler metal has a relatively lower
melting point.

Fig2.2. Picture showing A technician Soldering

Steps In Soldering

1. Prepare the following materials:

• Soldering Iron,

• Solder paste

• Long Nose Pliers,

• PCB holder,

• Electronic Components (Resistors, Diode etc.)

2. Plug and pre-heat the soldering iron.

3. Heat both items at the same time by applying the

soldering iron to the copper pad and the component lead.
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 4. Continue heating and apply a few millimeters of solder. Remove
the iron and allow the solder joint to cool naturally.

5. It only takes a second or two to make the perfect joint, which

should appear shiny.

[Link]

Desoldering is the removal of solder and components from a printed circuit board for
troubleshooting, repair, replacement, and salvage.

Fig 2. [Link]

Steps in desoldering

1. Use a solder wick (finely braided copper) to wick away excess

solder from a de- soldered connection.

2. Apply the solder wick and use the soldering iron to the de-
soldered connection. The solder wick will draw the excess
solder off the PCB pad.

3. Service manuals
Meaning of Terms used in Mobile Phone Repairing
Before you learn how to repair a mobile phone, it is very important to understand
meanings of some of the important terms used during mobile phone repairing. Read

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 and understand these terms and their meaning. This will help you later during the
course of mobile cell phone repairing.

 1G: 1st Generation in Mobile Telephony.

 2G: 2nd Generation in Mobile Telephony.
 3G: 3rd Generation in Mobile Telephony.
 4G: 4th Generation in Mobile Telephony.
 AC: Alternate Current.
 BGA: Ball Grid Array.
 BSI: Battery Status Indicator.
 CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access.
 CPU: Central Processing Unit.
 DCT: Digital Core Technology.
 DC: Direct Current.
 GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications.
 IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity.
 IC: Integrated Circuit.
 LED: Light Emitting Diode.
 PDA: Personal Digital Assistant.
 PFO: Power Frequency Oscillator.
 PCB: Printed Circuit Board.
 RAM: Random Access Memory.
 RF: Radio Frequency.
 ROM: Read Only Memory.
 RTC: Real Time Clock.
 RX: Receive / Receiver (Receiving Section).
 SMD: Surface Mount Device.
 TX: Transmit (Transmitting Section).
 UEM: Universal Energy Manager
 VCO: Voltage-Controlled Oscillator.

Any mobile phone PCB has several IC or Integrated Circuit. These are SMD or
Surface Mount Electronic Components. Before understanding how to count legs or
pins of any IC, let us learn about IC.

What is an IC?
An IC is an electronic component made up of combination or integration of several
other electronic components like resistor, capacitor, coil, diode, transistor etc.
How Many Types of IC are their?
There are mainly 2 types of ICs:
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 1. Leg-Type IC: This type of IC has legs or pins. These types of ICs are again
divided into different categories but we will not discuss it here because it has
nothing to do with mobile repairing.
2. Ball-Type IC: This type of IC has BGA (Ball Grid Array) underneath the IC.
These types of ICs are again divided into different categories but we will not
discuss it here because it has nothing to do with mobile repairing.

How to Count Legs or Pins of Leg-Type IC?

Counting of leg-type IC starts in Numerical Digit in Anticlockwise Direction starting
from the Nose Point or Cut Point. Have a look at the photo below to understand it
clearly.

Fig. 2.1 Shows ICs leg Identification

How to Count Legs or Pins of Leg-Type IC

How to Count Balls of Ball-Type IC?

Counting of Ball-type IC is done in Both Clockwise and Anti-Clockwise Direction.

Rows are counted in Digit Numbers (1, 2, 3, 4…) in Clockwise Direction. Columns are
counted in Alphabet (A, B, C, D…) in Anti-Clockwise Direction.

NOTE: When counting Columns, “I” and “O” are omitted because they look like “1”
and “0”.

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 Fig. 2.2 Shows How to Count Balls of Ball-Type IC

How to Check Mobile Cell Phone Settings

When repairing any mobile cell phone, you will often come across problems when you
will need to start with by checking the settings before proceeding to open and repair
the mobile phone. Such problems could include any of the following:

Ringer or Loudspeaker of the Mobile Phone Not Working: To solve this problem,
before you open the mobile cell phone to check if the ringer is faulty or not, you need
to first check the ringer or loudspeaker settings (If ringer settings is present in the set).
Check ringer volume settings and see if the phone is on silent mode or not. Set the
required settings. If everything is ok the open the mobile phone and check the ringer
using a Multi meter. If the ringer is not faulty then it will give a buzz or beep sound and
the value must be in the range of 8 to 10 Ohm. If the ringer is faulty then replace it
with a new one.

Vibrator of Mobile Cell Phone Not Working: To solve the problem, start by checking
the vibrator settings. Check if it is ON or OFF.

Earpiece or Speaker Problem: There can be several problems with the speaker or
the earpiece of a mobile phone. These can be less or no sound or there can be
problem with sound. The first thing to do to solve the problem is to check settings. Go
to settings and check speaker or earpiece volume. It can also be checked during
incoming phone calls. If the volume is less then increase the volume to desired level.

Microphone Problems: If there is problem with the Mic or microphone then there will
be problems during phone call. The person you are talking to will not be able to listen
to your voice. To solve the problem, start by checking microphone setting if any such
setting is present. In most cases, changing or replacing the old faulty microphone with
a new one solves the problem.

Light Problem: If there is less light or some of the LED lights are not working or if
there is no light at all, then start by checking the light and display settings. Adjust the
light settings according to your requirement. If everything is OK and the problem is not
solved then open the mobile phone and check all the LEDs. Change LED if it is faulty.

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 Headphone Problem: If headphone is not working or there is less sound in the
headphone then you need to check headphone settings first.

Display or Screen Problem: To solve any problem related to screen or display, the
first thing to do is to check settings and adjusts according to requirement. If the
problem is not solved the move on to hardware solution. If the problem is still now
solved then move on to software solution.

SIM Problem: If you are not able to make or receive a phone call with a valid SIM
card and your mobile phone is OK, the check settings first. See if the phone is on
Flight Mode or not. If it is on Flight Mode then change the setting.

Network Problem: If, your mobile cell phone has less, week or no network then,
check Network Settings. Manually search for available networks and select the
desired network provider. If the problem is not solved then there is problem with the
Network Section of the Phone.

Camera, Bluetooth, FM Radio: If there is any problem with any of these the check
their settings first.

NOTE: There are several other settings in a mobile cell phone. These include – Mode,
Wi-Fi, VPN, Tethering and Portable Hotspot, Mobile Networks, Data Usage, Call
Settings, Sound and Display Settings, Power Saving Settings, Storage Setting,
Battery Setting, Settings for Applications, Accounts and Sync or Syncing, Location or
GPS Services, Security Settings, Language and Input Setting, Back Up and Reset,
Dock or Docking, Date and Time Settings, Accessibility, Motion Settings etc.

How to Check Mobile Cell Phone Settings

Most people using a mobile cell phone know How to Check Mobile Cell Phone
Settings. Different Models and Phones like Nokia, Samsung, Motorola, LG, iPhone,
Android Phone, China Mobile Phones, they all have different phone setting options.
Most phones have separate settings menu. Just go to MENU and select SETTINGS.
Once you have reached SETTINGS, select the setting you are looking for and change
or adjust whatever you need.

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 fig2.4

How to Open and Disassemble a Mobile Cell Phone

How to open and disassemble any mobile cell phone including Nokia, Samsung,
Motorola, China Mobile Phones or any other brand of cell phone from any mobile cell
phone manufacturer is basically same with slight change in the process. Before
proceeding to open and disassemble a mobile cell phone, make sure you have all the
required tools for mobile repairing. The tools you will need are:

1. T5, T6 and Forehead Precision Screwdriver. A screwdriver set or kit can be

very useful. These screwdrivers must have magnetic tip.
2. Mobil Phone Opener

3. Tweezers

4. Antistatic Wrist Strap

5. Antistatic Hand Gloves

6. Antistatic or ESD-Safe Mat

7. ESD-Safe Apron

8. ESD-Safe Footwear

NOTE: It is very important to use only Antistatic or ESD-Safe tools to open and
disassemble a mobile cell phone because parts inside a mobile phone are very
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 sensitive to static electricity and can get damaged if precaution is not taken to prevent
static electricity.

How to Open and Disassemble a Mobile Cell Phone: Step by Step Instructions

1. Take OFF and remove the battery cover and back facial of the mobile phone.
You should use a mobile opener tool to remove the back Facia.
2. Remove the battery, SIM card and memory card.

3. You will find several small screws at the back. Using suitable screwdriver,
unscrew and remove all the screws and keep them in a safe box. These
screws must be kept very carefully so that they do not get lost.

4. Once all the screws are open, remove the front cover or the front Facia of the
mobile phone.

5. Now you have the internal Facia or skeleton of the mobile phone. It is attached
to the mobile phone PCB with screws. Unscrew and open all the screws.

6. Remove connectors for display and camera and pull the display and the
camera out.

fig2.5

Fig. 2.3 Shows Mobile Phone Parts

How to Use Multi meter: | How to Use Digital Multi meter | How to Use Analog
Multi meter

Multi meters are of two types – Analog Multi meter and Digital Multi meter. How
to use Multi meter to check voltage, Ohms, battery, continuity etc is more or less the
same. The only difference is that a digital Multi meter has a digital display of all the
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 readings. An analog Multi meter has a needle-type pointer that moves to a reading
while testing any device or electronic component.

Fig2.6 DMM

Most Multi meters, often spelt as Multi Meter, will have following:

1. Function and Range Switch: This switch is used to select the function and
desired range as well as to turn the instrument. In order to extend the life of the
battery of the Multi meter, this switch must be kept in the “OFF” position when
the instrument is not in use.
2. Display or LCD: To display all the readings.

3. Common Jack: Plug in connector for black (negative) test lead or probe.

4. V? mA Jack: Plug in connector for red (positive) test lead or probe for all
voltage, resistance and current (except 10A) measurements.

5. 10A Jack: Plug in connector for red (positive) test lead or probe for 10A
measurement.

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 fig2.7 Shows How to Use Multi meter

Packing List or Items that come with a New Multi meter:

1. Multi meter.
2. Set or red and black test leads or probes.

3. Battery.

4. Thermoelectric couple.

5. Operator Instruction Manual.

How to Use a Multi meter (Analog and Digital): Instruction:

How to Measure DC (Direct Current) Voltage / DC Voltage Measurement:

1. Connect the red Test Lead to “V ? mA Jack” and the black lead to

DC Current Circuit Symbol

“COM” jack.

2. Set the “Range Switch” to desired DC V position. If the voltage to be

measured is not known then set the Switch to the highest range and reduce it
until satisfactory reading is obtained.
3. Connect Test Leads to device or circuit being measured.
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 4. Turn ON Power of the device, instrument or component being measured.
Voltage will appear on the Digital Display of a Digital Multi meter along with
voltage polarity.

How to Measure AC (Alternating Current) Voltage Using a Multi meter / AC

Voltage Measurement:

1. Connect the red Test Lead to “V ? mA Jack” and the black lead to

AC Current Circuit Symbol

“COM” jack.

2. Set the “Range Switch” to desired AC V position.

3. Connect Test Leads to device, electronic component or circuit being measured.

4. Voltage value will appear on the Digital or Analog Display the Multi meter.

How to Measure DC (Alternating Current) Current Using a Multi meter / DC

Current Measurement:

1. Connect the red probe to “V ? mA Jack” and the black probe to “COM” jack.
To measure DC current between 200mA and 10A, connect the Red probe to
“10A” jack with fully depressed.
2. Set the “Range Switch” to desired AC A position.

3. Open the circuit to be measured and connect probes in series with the load in
which current is to be measured.

4. Read value on display.

How to Measure Resistance Using a Multi meter / Resistance Measurement:

1. Connect the red probe to “V ? mA Jack” and the black probe to

Resistance Circuit Symbol

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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 “COM” jack.

2. Set the “Range Switch” to desired Ohms (?) position.

3. If the resistor to be measured is connected to a circuit then TURN OFF
POWER and discharge all capacitors before measurement.

4. Connect probes to circuit being measured.

5. Read resistance value on display.

How to Measure Diode / Diode Measurement:

1. Connect the red Test Lead to “V? mA Jack” and the black lead to

Diode Circuit Symbol

“COM” jack.

2. Set the “Range Switch” to diode position.

3. Connect Red Test Leads to Anode of the Diode and Black Test Lead to
Cathode.

4. The forward voltage drop in mV will be displayed in the screen or display. If the
diode is reversed, figure “1” will be displayed.

How to Measure Transistor hFE / Diode Measurement:

1. Set the “Range Switch” to hFE position.

Transistor Circuit Symbol

2. Determine whether the transistor is NPN or PNP type and locate the Emitter,
Base and Collector Leads. Insert the leads into the proper holes of the hFE
Socket on the Front Panel of the Multi meter.
3. The Multi meter will display the approximate hFE value at the condition of base
current 10 µA and VCD 2.8V.
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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 How to Measure Continuity / Audible Buzzer Continuity measurement:

1. Connect the red Test Lead to “V ? mA Jack” and the black lead to “COM” jack.
2. Set the “Range Switch” to Buzzer.

3. Connect test leads to the two points to be tested. If the resistance is lower than
100 Ohm then there will be buzzer sound which means that continuity is OK.

Test Signal Use:

1. Set the “Range Switch” to Signal Symbol.

2. A test signal appears between “V ? mA Jack” and “COM” jacks. The output
voltage is approx 5V p–p with 50 k ohm impedance.

How to Measure Temperature / Temperature Measurement:

1. Connect the k-type thermoelectric couple to “V ? mA Jack” and “COM” jacks.

2. Set the “Range Switch” to “Temperature Position”.

3. The display will read the temperature value in Celsius or Fahrenheit.

How to Measure Room Temperature / Room Temperature Measurement:

Most Multi meters can easily measure room temperature from 0 to 35 degree Celsius.
Just set the “Range Switch” to RT Position and the present room temperature will be
displayed.

Warning:

1. To avoid electrical shock, hazard or damage, do not measure voltage

exceeding 1000V or 750V above earth ground. Different Multi meters may have
different measurement range. Read the instruction manual carefully before
operating the Multi meter.
2. Before using the Multi meter, inspect Test Leads, Connectors and Probes for
cracks, breaks or crazes in the insulation.

3. Before attempting to open the case of the Multi meter, be sure to disconnect
test leads or probes from any energized electronic circuit to avoid electrical
shock.

How to Take Care of your Multi meter

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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 When you are using a Multi meter, it is your responsibility to its proper care and
prevent it from any damage:

1. Replacing Fuse: Fuse of a Multi meter rarely blow or need replacement. If it

happens, it is because of operator error or mistake. If required just replace the
old fuse with a new one with proper polarity.
2. Battery Replacement: If the symbol of battery appears on the display, it
indicates that the battery has to be replaced.

2.4 How to use Jumper in Mobile Phone Repairing

Most mobile phone repairing is done by doing jumper. Different parts of a mobile cell
phone like display, keypad, speaker, microphone, LED lights, different ICs, different
small parts and electronic components, all have different jumper settings. It is
important to first track the fault or missing track and then do the jumper.

How to Jumper use:

1. Disassemble mobile phone and place it on a PCB holder.

2. Using a multi meter, check track and find the fault or the missing track that
need jumper.

3. Apply liquid soldering flux to the points where you need to solder jumper wire.

4. Cut jumper wire to desired length and remove its lamination using blade cutter.

5. Hold one end of the jumper wire and solder it to one point of the faulty circuit
track. Use a good quality tweezers to hold the wire and good quality of
soldering iron and solder wire to solder.

6. Now hold the other end of the jumper wire and solder to the other point of the
track

7. Using a multi meter check the jumper.

2.4.1 Systematic pre-testing procedure is followed in accordance with manufacturer’s

instructions

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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 Fig. 2.8 Shows Mobile Phone Block Diagram

Okay, that's it for a while, for there are lots of techniques we are going to tackle
sooner, hope you do understand a little bit with this method.

Fig.2.9 Shows Mobile Phone PCB Diagram

NOTES:

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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 1. UEM (Universal Energy Manager) = Logic IC + Charging IC + Audio IC +
Power IC
2. PFO (Power Frequency Oscillator) = Antenna Switch + PFO

3. Flash IC= RAM + Flash IC

1. Antenna Switch: It is found in the Network Section of a mobile phone and is

made up of metal and non-metal. In GSM sets it is found in white color and in
CDMA sets it is found in golden metal.

Fig.2.10 Shows Cell Phone Antenna Switch

Work: It searches network and passes forward after tuning.

Faults: If the Antenna Switch is faulty then there will be no network in the
mobile phone.

2. P.F.O: It is found near the Antenna Switch in the Network Section of the

Fig. 2.11 Shows Cell Phone PFO

PCB of Mobile Phone: It is also called P.A (Power Amplifier) and Band Pass Filter.

Work: It filters and amplifies network frequency and selects the home network.

Faults: If the PFO is faulty then there will be no network in the mobile phone. If it gets
short then the mobile phone will get dead.

3. RF IC / Hagar / Network IC: This electronic component found near

Page 21 of 93 TVET program title: Basic Electronics Communication

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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 Fig. 2.12 Cell Phone Network IC / RF IC

The PFO in the Network Section of a Mobile Phone: It is also called RF signal
processor.

Work: It works as transmitter and receiver of audio and radio waves according to the
instruction from the CPU.

Faults: If the RF IC is faulty then there will be problem with network in the mobile
phone. Sometimes the mobile phone can even get dead.

4. 26 MHz Crystal Oscillator: It is found near the PFO in the Network

Fig. 2.13Shows Mobile Phone 26 MHz Crystal Oscillator

Section of a Mobile Phone: It is also called Network Crystal. It is made up of metal.

Work: It creates frequency during outgoing calls.

Faults: If this crystal is faulty then there will be no outgoing call and no network in the
mobile phone.

5. VCO: It is found near the Network IC in the Network Section of a Mobile

Fig. 2.14 Shows Mobile Phone VCO Phone.

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 Work: It sends time, date and voltage to the RF IC / Hager and the CPU. It also
creates frequency after taking command from the CPU.

Faults: If it is faulty then there will be no network in the mobile phone and it will
display “Call End” or “Call Failed”.

6. RX Filter: It is found in the Network Section of a Mobile Phone.

Fig.2.15Shows Mobile Phone

RX Filter

Work: It filters frequency during incoming calls.

Faults: If it is faulty then there will network problem during incoming calls.

7. TX Filter: It is found in the Network Section of a Mobile Phone.

Fig. 2.16Shows Mobile Phone TX Filter

Work: It filters frequency during outgoing calls.

Faults: If it is faulty then there will network problem during outgoing calls.

8. ROM: It is found in the Power Section of a Mobile Phone.

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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 Fig. 2.17 Shows Mobile Phone ROM

Work: It loads current operating program in a Mobile Phone.

Faults: If ROM is faulty then there will software problem in the mobile phone and the
set will get dead.

9. RAM: It is found in the Power Section of a Mobile Phone.

Fig. 2.18 Shows Mobile Phone RAM

Work: It sends and receives commands of the operating program in a mobile phone.

Faults: If RAM is faulty then there will be software problem in the mobile phone and it
will get frequently get hanged and the set can even get dead.

10. Flash IC: It is found in the Power Section of a Mobile Phone. It is also Called
EEPROM IC, Memory IC, RAM IC and ROM IC.

Fig. 2.19 Shows Cell Phone Flash IC

Work: Software of the mobile phone is installed in the Flash IC.

Faults: If Flash IC is faulty then the mobile phone will not work properly and it can
even get dead.
11. Power IC: It is found in the Power Section of a Mobile Phone. There are Many
small components mainly capacitor around this IC. RTC is near the Power IC.

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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 Fig. 2.20 Shows Cell Phone Power IC

Work: It takes power from the battery and supplies to all other parts of a mobile
phone.

Faults: If Power IC is faulty then the set will get dead.

12. Charging IC: It is found in the Power Section near R22.

Fig. 2.21 Shows Cell Phone Charging IC

Work: It takes current from the charger and charges the battery.

Faults: If Charging IC is faulty then the set will not get charged. If the Charging IC is
short then the set will get dead.

13. RTC (Simple Silicon Crystal): It is Real Time Clock and is found in

Fig.2.22Shows Mobile Phone RTC (Real Time Clock)

The Power Section near Power IC. It is made up of either metal or non-metal. It is of
long shape.

Work: It helps to run the date and time in a mobile phone.

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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 Faults: If RTC is faulty then there will be no date or time in the mobile phone and the
set can even get dead.

14. CPU: It is found in the Power Section. It is also called MAD IC, RAP IC

Fig. 2.23 Shows Cell Phone CPU and UPP

It is the largest IC on the PCB of a Mobile Phone and it looks different from all other
ICs.

Work: It controls all sections of a mobile phone.

Faults: If CPU is faulty then the mobile phone will get dead.

15. Logic IC / UI IC: It is found in any section of a mobile phone. It has 20 legs
(pins)

Fig. 2.24Shows Cell Phone Logic IC pins or legs

It is also called UI IC and Interface IC.

Work: It controls Ringer, Vibrator and LED of a mobile phone.

Faults: If Logic IC / UI IC is faulty then Ringer, Vibrator and LED of mobile phone will
not work properly.

16. Audio IC: It is found in Power Section of a mobile phone. It is also

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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 Fig. 2.22 Shows Cell Phone Audio IC Called Cobba IC and Melody IC.

Work: It controls Speaker and Microphone of a mobile phone.

The PCB of any mobile phone of any brand namely Nokia, Samsung, Motorola, China
Mobile Phones etc is divided into 2 Parts namely: (1) Network Section; and (2) Power
Section. When identifying parts, electronic components and ICs on the PCB of a
mobile cell phone, it is important to keep these two sections in mind.

1. Antenna Point: The point where antenna is connected is called antenna point.
It is normally located at the top of the PCB of a mobile phone.

Network Section: The section below antenna point and above power section is called
network section.

2. Antenna Switch: It is found in the network section. It is made from metal and
non-metal. It has 16 points or legs. In some mobile phones, the antenna switch
is merged with PFO.

Fig. 2.25Shows Antenna Switch of Mobile Phone

3. PFO: Power Frequency Oscillator. It is present beside the antenna switch.

Fig. 2.26Shows PFO of a Mobile Phone

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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 4. Network IC: It is below or beside the antenna switch and PFO. In some mobile
phones, the Network IC is merged with the CPU. E.g.: Nokia 1200, 1650, 1208,
1209 etc.

Fig. 2.28Shows Network IC of a Mobile Phone

Power Section: This section is below the Network Section.

5. Power IC: In the Power Section, the IC around which there are several brown-
colored capacitors is called Power IC. In some mobile phones there are 2 Power
ICs.

Fig. 2.29Shows Power IC of a Mobile Phone

6. CPU: Central Processing Unit. In the power section, the largest IC is the CPU.
In some sets there are 2 CPU.

Fig. 2.30 Shows CPU of a Mobile Phone

7. Flash IC: This IC is found beside the CPU.

Page 28 of 93 TVET program title: Basic Electronics Communication

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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 Fig. 2.31Shows Flash IC of a Mobile Phone

8. Logic IC: The IC with 20 legs is the Logic IC.

Fig. 2.32 Shows Logic IC of a Mobile Phone

9. Charging IC: In the Power Section, the IC beside R22 is the Charging IC.

Fig. 2.33 Shows Charging IC of a Mobile Phone

10. Audio IC: The IC parallel to Power IC is the Audio IC.

Fig. 2.34 Shows Audio IC of a Mobile Phone

1. Keyboard or Keypad Section: The keyboard section of any mobile cell phone
is directly connected with the CPU. This means that rows and columns of keys
are directly connected with the CPU. Protector IC or Interface IC or Varactor
diode is connected in the row or column line for the protection of key section. In

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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 modern mobile cell phones, which have QWERTY keys, a separate control IC
is connected with the CPU for extra protection to the keys.
2. Display Section: The display section is directly connected with the CPU to
receive following signals – LCD Data Signal, LCD Reset Signal, LCD WR
Signal, LCD RD Signal, LCD FLM Signal, LCD HSYN Signal etc. These signals
are given to the LCD Module through the CPU. 2.8V power supply or 1.8V
power supply is given to the LCD for functioning. LCD signal interface filter are
connected in many mobile cell phones for interfacing these signals of LCD
Module.

3. SIM Card Section: The SIM Card Interface section is directly connected with
the CPU in most mobile cell phones. If there is no power supply in a mobile
phone then the SIM section is connected with the CPU through the Power IC.
Mainly V-SIM (3.0V), SIM-RST (2.85V), SIM CLK, SIM-Data (2.5V), and SIM
GND are made in the SIM Section. These four pins (Beside (SIM GND) are
directly connected with the SIM interface / control section and V-SIM volt are
given to the SIM data pin from V-SIM pin through the 10-18 Kilo Ohms
Resistance.

4. Memory Card Section: Now mostly Micro SC Card is connected in most

mobile cell phones which is connected with micro card section through a 8 pin
socket. Memory card section is made inside the CPU. Description of these 8
pins are as follows:

1. MMC-Data-2

2. MMC Data

3. MMC CMD (Command)

4. VMMC / VSD (Positive Supply Pin)

5. MMC-CLK

6. GND

7. MMC-Dta0

8. MMC Data-1

Volt Power is supplied to Pin Number 4 from Power Supply for functioning of the MMC
Card and connection the 50 tp 100 Kilo Ohms resistance in this power supply. This
power supply is given to Pin Numbers – 1,2,3,7,8 of MMC Socket. One MMC detector
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 switch or pin is made in MMC socket at which, if there is no MMC Card then 1.8 V
power is continuously received and after the MMC is connected, it becomes zero.

5. MIC Interface Section: MIC interface section is directly connected with the
CPU inmost mobile phones. Working voltage (MIC Bios) (1.8 to 2.8 V) is
supplied from the CPU or the Power Supply Section for functioning of the MIC
and MIC Positive and Negative Volt are input through two capacitors.
6. Ear Speaker Section: In most modern mobile cell phones, in which there is a
separate ear speaker, it is directly to the CPU. It receives sound via signals
directly from the CPU of from the audio section inbuilt within the CPU. In some
mobile phones, these sound signals are received via coil / resistance. Some
mobile phones have audio IC in the audio section. Some mobile phones have
audio amplifier.

7. Speaker / Ringer Section: Ringer, Buzzer or Speaker in most mobile phones

are connected with the audio amplifier IC to obtain loud sound. The amplifier IC
amplifies the sound or audio signal received from the CPU of the audio section.

8. Key Backlight Section: LED Lights are connected according to the parallel
circuit in the key backlight section. Anode ends of all the LEDS are connected
to each other and all the cathode ends are to each other. 3 to 3.3 V is supplied
for the functioning of these Key LED Lights. This power supply is given to the
cathode ends of LEDs from the ground ends. Power supply to the anode ends
of LED Lights is controlled bu using LED-Driver or PNR IC.

9. LCD Backlight Section: LCD Backlight in mobile cell phones is made

according to the series circuit. A Boost Voltage Generator Section is built for
the supply of high voltage (10 to 18V) for the functioning of the LCD LED.
Boost coil, Boost Volt Driver IC, Rectifier Diode etc are present in this section.

10. Vibrator Motor Section: Positive power supply is given to this section directly
from the positive end of the battery. Negative power supply is given through a
NPN transistor or from the ground of any circuit.

11. Network Section: Antenna, External Antenna Socket, RX-Band Pass Filter,
RF Crystal, FEM, PFO, TX-Band Pass Filter, RF IC, and CPU are connected in
the Network Section. Signal received at the antenna during the RX is given to
the antenna switch or FEM through the antenna socket where the next
processing is completed by selecting a frequency of proper band and is passed
on to the RF IC through RX-Band Pass Filter. RF Signal out from the RF IC

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 during TX is given to the FEM or PFO to amplify the signal. After the Band
Selection Process the signal is passed through the antenna.

12. Battery Charging Section: Charger and system interface connector is made
together in most modern mobile cell phones. Regulator section is made
separately for the battery charging section. In some mobile phones, the battery
charging section is made inside the Power IC.

13. FM Radio Section: FM Radio Driver IC, FM Antenna, Signal and Supply
Components are made in the FM Radio Section.

14. Bluetooth Section: Bluetooth Antenna, Bluetooth RF Signal Filter, Bluetooth

Driver IC, Supply and Signal Components are made in this section. The
Bluetooth sections functions like the Network Section. RF-CLK signal is given
to the Bluetooth driver IC during signal processing.

15. Set Power ON: Power IC, CPU (UCP), Flash IC, RF-CLK, Crystal, RF-IF, PWR
Ket etc components are present this section. Battery positive supply is given to
the power IC and connecting the battery (3.7V) from 2.87 to 3.0 Power ON
Volts are received at one tip of the Power Key. Supply is given to the CPU,
Flash IC, RF-CLK, Generator Section (RF Crystal, RF IC) by which the mobile
phone gets switched ON.

16. Hands free (Earphone Section): Mainly hands free jack, hands free MIC,
speaker signal component and hands free audio amplifier are present in this
section. Hands free symbol is displayed after connection the Hands free jack.

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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 Self Check #2 Written Test
Self Check #1 Written Test

Name: __________________________________Date:
________________________

Time Start: ___________________________Time Finish: _____________________

Instruction: Answer all the questions provided correctly, if you have some clarification
regarding the test just raise your hand and ask the assistance of the teacher.

Part I. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives (2 points each)

1. If there is less light or some of the LED lights are not working?
A. Screen Problem C. Light Problem
B. Headphone Problem D. All
2. If your mobile cell phone has less or week or no network?
A. Bluetooth C. SIM Problem
B. Network Problem D. All
3. If the person you are talking to will not be able to listen to your voice?
A. Screen Problem C. Headphone Problem
B. Light Problem D. Microphone Problems
4. If the symbol of battery appears on the display
A. Battery Replacement C. Bluetooth
B. Replacing Fuse D. Network Problem
5. _________is found in the Network Section of a mobile phone and is made up of
metal and non-metal.
A. Antenna Switch C. Work
B. Faults [Link] of Mobile Phone

Note: Satisfactory rating –5 points Unsatisfactory - below 5 points

You can ask your teacher for the copy of the correct answers.
Page 33 of 93 TVET program title: Basic Electronics Communication
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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 Answer Sheet

scored Points

Part I

1. __________
2. __________
3. __________
4. __________
5. __________

Operation Sheet #1 Assemble & disassemble cell phone

OPERATION TITLE: Perform Assembling & disassembling of cell phone

PURPOSE: To assemble & disassemble cell phone properly, to identify the external
and internal parts of the cell phone.
CONDITIONS OR SITUATIONS FOR THE OPERATIONS:-Clean, safe working area
and equipped workshop with sufficient electrical/electronic components & measuring
instrument, materials of cell phones, hand tools.
Equipments and Tools
Tools Equipments
Set of Flat and Philips screw driver, Kit Digital Multi-meter
Mobile Phone Opener, PPEs
Tweezers, Clean and ESD free work bench
side cutting plier

PROCEDURE:-
Select the required cell phone
Select the required tools
Open the cell phone properly
Clean the internal parts of cell phone.
Identify the external & internal parts of cell phone.
PRECAUTIONS:-
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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 You should not forget to wear your PPEs. You should take care of not to contact any
bare part of your body whenever you assemble & disassemble cell phone. Use
instruments properly according to manufacturer specification.
QUALITY CRITERIA:-
Perform safely and properly when assemble & disassemble cell phone, identified
quickly, efficiently, economically and safely.

Operation Sheet #2 the cold testing or hot testing methods

Purpose: The following statements describe either the cold testing or hot
testing methods used for diagnosing mobile phone problems

Name of Diagnosis
Description of diagnosis method
method

1 Checks the value of resistance using a Cold Testing

multimeter to diagnose a problem
2 Checks the voltage of damaged part Hot testing

3 The phone is not powered during testing Cold testing

4 Fault is found by powering the mobile phone Hot testing

with a battery

PROCEDURE:-
1. Follow safty rule and procedure
2. Select the required cell phone
3. Select the required tools
4. Select the correct DMM
5. Open the cell phone properly
6. Clean the internal parts of cell phone.
7. Start measuring and test
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and Multimedia Equipment Servicing Level - II
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 PRECAUTIONS:-

You should not forget to wear your PPEs. You should take care of not to contact any
bare part of your body

Operation Sheet #3 Diagnosis faulted cell phone

OPERATION TITLE:-perform Diagnosing faulted cell phone.

PURPOSE:- To identify where is the fault, What type of fault, and what is the cause of
fault that makes the cell phone parts
CONDITIONS OR SITUATIONS FOR THE OPERATIONS:-Clean, safe working area
and equipped workshop with sufficient electrical/electronic components & measuring
instrument
Equipment and Tools for cell phone repair
Tools Equipment
Flat and Philips screwdriver kit Digital Multi-meter
Soldering Iron, Soldering Station Faulted cell-phone
equipment’s, PCB holder, PCB Cleaner, PPEs
Tweezers, Hot Air Blower, Clean and ESD free work bench
side cutting plier

PROCEDURE:-
Follow the following steps to investigate the fault systematically.
1. Folloew safty rule and procedure
2. Receive (collect) necessary information about the fault nature and symptom of
the fault from the user or operator
3. Wear PPEs (apron, Glove, Safety shoe)

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 4. Verify the information that the cell phone is really mal-function by visual
inspection and output voltage measurement by DC power supply. If the output
voltage is 0, bellow the rated value:
5. Check the speaker and the micro phone (continuity test)
6. Measure DC voltage/Battery and compare with its rating
7. Test each component of cell phone and dingoes the faults.

PRECAUTIONS:-You should not forget to wear your PPEs. You should take care
of not to contact any bare part of your body whenever you test and digamous
the cell phone . Use instruments properly according to manufacturer
specification.
Information sheet 3 System defects/fault symptoms are identified using appropriate
diagnostic software,

3.1How to Diagnose Mobile Phone Problem – Diagnostic Codes

Here we Learn How to Diagnose Mobile Phone Problems with Diagnostic Codes. Learn How
to Diagnose Common Mobile Phone Problems with Secret Diagnostic Codes.

fig 3.1

3.1.1What are Secret Diagnostic Codes to Test & Check Phone Hardware
Condition

Diagnostic codes, also called, secret codes, help to get a closer look at the inner
functionality of a phone. Most mobile phone repairing technicians use these diagnostic
codes to troubleshoot Feature Mobile Phones, Android Smartphone. and Apple
iPhone.

There are a list of these diagnostic codes for Android phones, iPhone, China phones
and other phones. Most manufacturers provide such list with their manual that comes
with a new phone.
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 Below you will find a list of Codes to Diagnose Mobile Phone Hardware Problem.
Make sure to use them with caution. Read carefully what each diagnostic code does
before entering them in your phone. Some codes can wipe OFF the firmware or delete
the vendor-specific updates from the OS. So, be extra careful.

3.1.2How to Diagnose Mobile Phone Problem

There could be times when you may need to troubleshoot / diagnose your mobile
phone or Android Smartphone when there are problems such as Slow Performance,
Audio Problems, Touchscreen or Display Problems or any other such Hardware or
Software Problem.

There are in-built Diagnostic Tools and Downloadable Apps that can help you easily
and quickly diagnose your mobile cell phone and troubleshoot and fix the problem.

Mobile Phone Secret Diagnostic Codes

 iPhone – 3001#12345# * – This will display “Field Test” on your iPhone where you
can easily test each part of the phone’s functions.
 BlackBerry: TEST

 HTC: *#*#3423#*#*

 LG: 2945#*# or 2945*#01*#

 Motorola: ##7764726

 Nokia: ##3282

 Samsung: * #0011#

 Sony: 904059+>

The above codes will help you identify software or hardware problem and then it
becomes easier to find the solution. Please note that the above codes may not work
on all models

List of Useful Secret Codes for Android Mobile Phones

Function
Code
LCD Test
*#*#0*#*#*
Melody Test
*#*#0673#*#*
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 OR
*#*#0289#*#*
Packet Loop Back
*#*#0283#*#*
Vibrator and Back light Test
*#*#0842#*#*
Touch Screen Version
*#*#2663#*#*
Touch Screen Test
*#*#2664#*#*
Proximity Sensor Test
*#*#0588#*#*
RAM Version
*#*#3264#*#*

3.3.3 What are Secret Diagnostic Codes to Test & Check Phone Hardware
Condition

Diagnostic codes, also called, secret codes, help to get a closer look at the inner
functionality of a phone. Most mobile phone repairing technicians use these diagnostic
codes to troubleshoot Feature Mobile Phones, Android Smartphone. And Apple
iPhone.

You may remember that whenever you go to a technician or any service center, the
first thing they do is enter some code with # symbol and some numbers and few other
symbols. These are nothing but Diagnostic Codes that help the technician to know
about the exact problem. They have a list of such codes and they use them as and
when required.

If you’ve never run a diagnostics test on your own smartphone, it’s worth doing—
especially as your phone starts to show its age, or if you purchased a “new”
smartphone second-hand and want to get a feel for its condition.

Diagnostic tools are also helpful for when your device becomes less efficient, but you
cannot quite pin down why. Instead of using guesswork to troubleshoot the various
features on your phone until you stumble on a solution, a diagnostics scan can
highlight exactly what is wrong with your phone, or at least provide enough data to
point you in the right direction.
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 Unfortunately, finding the built-in diagnostics tools on Android smartphones and
iPhones can be difficult, and some devices don’t even have very good diagnostic
options to begin with (if at all). But you can always turn to third-party apps for help.

Built-in diagnostics tools

Android

Most Android phones have a few simple diagnostics tools hidden in the OS, but they
vary between devices. The tools are found by typing codes into your phone app’s
dialer—kinda like inputting cheat codes in a video game. Type in the codes below,
and the menus should automatically open.

Fig.3.2

Here are the two main codes usable on most Android devices:
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  *#0*# hidden diagnostics menu: Some Android phones come with a full
diagnostics menu. You’ll be able to run a check-up for at least some of the
phone’s hardware. However, this code isn’t available on all phones—nothing
happened when I tried the code on a Pixel XL, for example, though the menu
appeared on a Samsung Galaxy S9. For those that do have access, it’s a
handy trick. The menu offers a number of standalone tests to check the
performance of your phone’s various parts, such as your screen (touch
recognition, color accuracy), your cameras, sensor, and physical buttons like
the power and volume controls.
 *#*#4636#*#* usage information menu: This menu will show up on more
devices than the hidden diagnostics menu, but the information shared will be
different between devices. At the very least, you should be able to see app
usage history; real-time wifi and cellular network connection stats; and basic
phone information like the current service carrier, phone number, et cetera.

 You don’t have to press the call button or anything else to open the hidden
menus, they’ll just open automatically. If nothing happens when you type in the
code, then your phone doesn’t have the feature. Similarly, some devices don’t
provide very helpful information, like the aforementioned Google Pixel (which
relies on Google collecting diagnostic information from your phone in the
background). If that’s the case, then jump on down to the next section for some
recommendations for third-party diagnostics apps.

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  iPhone

fig3.3

3.3.4Running diagnostics scans with third-party apps

With limited options available in iOS, the only real option for running diagnostics on
your iPhone or iPad is to use a third-party app. These apps are also helpful for
Android phones that do not have built-in diagnostics tools—or if you want a more
detailed (and less cumbersome) way to test your phone’s hardware.

Test (Android and iOS)

This app lets you run both quick appraisals and full hardware diagnostics on iPhone
and Android devices. The full scan performs simple actions that test each of your
phone’s major hardware functions, including the cameras; battery and charging;
onboard sensors; and the performance of location, Bluetooth, and cellular
connections.

Each test is simple, and the results are easy to read. If the scan detects something
wrong, the app can give you recommendations for nearby repair shops. The only
major downside to TestM is that it plays ads between each test, which is annoying.

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 Phone Check and Test (Android)

Fig 3.4

Phone Check and Test is a plain-looking app, but it’s capable of much more than just
checking that your phone’s hardware “works.” A full scan includes deep CPU, storage,
and battery diagnostics, and the test readouts are highly detailed. This makes Phone
Check and Test a little less user-friendly than TestM, but it’s an excellent
troubleshooting tool that provides you with tons of data.

While the free version does contain ads, they’re minimal, and you can upgrade to Plus
for just $2 to remove them. The Plus version also adds a few more testing tools and
lets you run standalone tests for each piece of hardware separately, which saves you
time over a full system scan.

Phone Diagnostics (iOS)

Like the TestM app for Android phone, Phone Diagnostics can be an ad-ridden mess at
times, but hidden behind all that is a reliable set of hardware function tests. The full test takes
you through all the major hardware features based on the iPhone model you’re using.

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 Unlike the other apps we’ve listed, Phone Diagnostics allows users to perform
immediate standalone tests of any hardware function your iPhone carries without
requiring a paid upgrade

grade.

Fig,3.5

Software Tools for Mobile Phone Repairing

With These Software Tools for Mobile Phone Repairing, you can Flash Software of all
Android Smartphone and iPhone. You Can Flash ROM (OS), IMEI, Unlock Forgotten
Lock Pattern or Password, Repair Smartphone that Hangs at Logo.

Here are all the Software Tools for Mobile Phone Repairing. With these Software
Tools you can do fix all software relates problems of all iPhone and Android
Smartphones of any Brand and Model including – Samsung, Apple iPhone, All China
Mobile Phone ( Vivo, Oppo, Honor, Huawei, Xiaomi, Meizu, OnePlus, Lenovo, Qiku
360, Smartisan), Micromax, Lava etc.

Miracle Thunder Box is is the Software Tool for All China Made Android Smartphones
of all Brands and Models using any CPU (MTK (Mediatek), Qualcomm, Spreadtrum
etc). With this tool you can Flash Software (OS), Flash IMEI Number, Unlock
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 Forgotten Lock Pattern or Password, Repair Mobile phones that Hangs at the Logo
and Fix any Software Related Issues.

Your can repair Android Smartphones of Following Brands – Alcatel, Asus, Motorola,
Samsung, ZTE, Vivo, Oppo, Honor, Huawei, Xiaomi, Meizu, OnePlus, Lenovo, Qiku
360, Smartisan, Coolpad, Fly, Gionee, Infocus, Intex, Infinex, Karbonn, Lyf, Micromax,
Qmobile, Tecno, Wiko, Zopo.

No Flashing Box is Needed for to use this software. Just Download to your PC and
start using with its easy Software Flashing GUI. It is Universal Mobile Phone Flashing
Software for all China Made Android Mobile Phones.

fig3.7

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 SP Flash Tool (Software Tools for Mobile Phone Repairing using MTK
Processor)

fig3.9

SP Flash Tool

SP Flash Tool (Smart Phone Flash Tool) is a small-sized Easy to Use Software to
flash Stock ROM, Custom Recovery, Upgrade or Downgrade Firmware Version,
Unlock Forgotten Lock Pattern or Password and for Fixing all Software Related Issues
of Android Smartphones using MTK (Mediatek) Processor.

REMEMBER SP Flash Tool is completely FREE and is used to Repair of Android

Mobile Phones using MTK (Mediatek) Processors ONLY.

What You can do with SP Flash Tool

With this easy to use tool, you can do following:

 Flashing of Android Stock-ROM

 Flash Custom ROM

 Fix Bricked Devices

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  Perform Memory Test

 Format / Reset Android Smartphones using MTK Processor

Requirements to use SP Flash Tool

You need following to use this Tool:

 Laptop of Desktop PC
 USB Data Cable to Connect Smartphone with the PC

 MediaTek USB-VCOM Drivers (Available as a Bundle with the Software when you
Download. No need to Download Separately)

 Scatter File

 Software Files to be Flashed (Download Here)

PS: All instructions to Download, Install and Use the Tool is clearly mentioned on the
Above Site.

Other Software Tools for Mobile Phone Repairing

Processor Software Tool

SpreadTrum SPD Flash Tool

Qualcomm QFlash Tool

Samsung Odin Flash Tool

Apple iPhone iTune Tool

 Apple is notorious for its products being “walled gardens,” which makes it hard
for users to perform check-ups and DIY fixes for their devices. Unsurprisingly,
you won’t find any built-in diagnostics tests that you can run on an iPhone.
 That said, the iPhone settings do include detailed readouts on battery
performance and history. To find this data, go to Settings > Battery.

 You’ll find a number of different options and categories that contain your
device’s battery performance data—but nothing else beyond that,
unfortunately.

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 How to Flash IMEI Number in Android Mobile Phone

You will need to flash IMEI Number in your Android Mobile Phone after flashing Stock
ROM (Firmware). You have to flash the Stock ROM (Firmware) in your Android
Mobile Phone for any of the following reasons:

 Your mobile phone gets hanged too often.

 Your phone gets hanged at company logo and doesn’t boot.

 You want to update the latest software / operating system in your phone.

 You have forgotten the lock pattern or password and want to unlock the phone.

 Your Android Mobile phone or tablet is dead because of software issues.

After you Flash the Stock ROM, you will also have to Flash the IMEI Number and
Restore it back. Otherwise you may get following error messages: Invalid IMEI
Number 🙁

So, in order to fix this Invalid IMEI Problem and Restore the IMEI Number on Android
Smartphone you have to Flash IMEI Number in you Android Mobile Phone.

This tutorial to flash IMEI Number on Android Mobile Phone works on most Brands
including – Alcatel, BLU, Celkon, Coolpad, FLY, Gionee, Huawei, Intex, Carbonn,
LAVA, Lenovo, Micromax, Oppo, Panasonic, Samsung, Vivo, Xiaomi, ZTE, etc.

Software and Hardware Needed to Flash IMEI Number in Android Mobile Phone

You will need following Software and hardware to flash or Rewrite IMEI Number on
Android Mobile Phone and Tablet:

Hardware Needed
1. The Android Phone to Flash the IMEI Number.
2. A USB Data Cable to Connect Your Phone to the Computer or Laptop.

Software Needed
1. Stock ROM / Firmware: of the Model of the Phone in which Flashing of IMEI
Number is to be done. (Why is this needed will be clear later in this Tutorial)
2. SN Write Tool: SN Write Tool allows you to read and write IMEI on any
Mediatek Feature Phone, Android Smartphone and Tablets.

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 3. AP BP Base for SN Write Tool: in .zip file (You need this if you do not have
the .zip file of the Stock ROM)

4. Read&Write Tool: Read&Write Tool allows you to read and write IMEI on any
Qualcomm, MTK or SpreadTrum Smartphone and Tablet

5. AP BP Base for Read&Write Tool: in .zip file (You need this if you do not
have the .zip file of the Stock ROM)

6. IMEI Number of your Phone: You will also find the IMEI Number of your
Phone at the Back after you remove the Back Cover and also on the Packet of
the Phone.

➡ PS: In this tutorial, I will explain how to use SN Write Tool to Flash IMEI Number
in any Android Smartphone or Tablet having Mediatek Chipset. If you want to
flash IMEI Number in any Qualcomm, MTK or SpreadTrum device then download
and use Read&Write Tool ➡ []. Process is very Similar for BOTH and you will not
face any difficulty.

How to Flash IMEI Number in Android Mobile Phone and Restore IMEI
Number and Fix Invalid IMEI Number Problem
System defects/fault symptoms are identified using
Operation Sheet #1
appropriate diagnostic software, tools and equipment

OPERATION TITLE: Perform System defects/fault symptoms are identified using

appropriate diagnostic software, tools and equipment
PURPOSE: TO Perform System defects/fault symptoms are identified using appropriate
diagnostic software, tools and equipment
SITUATIONS FOR THE OPERATIONS:-Clean, safe working area and equipped
workshop with sufficient electrical/electronic components & measuring instrument,
materials of cell phones, hand tools.
Equipments and Tools
Tools Equipments

Operation sheet 3 Flash mobile phone

PROCEDURE:-

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 Step1: Follow safety rule and procedure
Step2:.Select the required cell phone
Step3: Download the the required software
Step 4Install the software correctly
Step5: Select the required tools
Step6:the cell phone properly
Step7: Clean the internal parts of cell phone.
Step8: Identify the external & internal parts of cell phone.
Step9: Connect the phone with pc and start the installation

safely.

LAP TEST #2 Practical Demonstration (flashing a mobile phone)

Name: __________________________________Date: _______________________

Time started: __________________________Time finished: __________________

Instructions: You are required to perform the following individually with the presence
of your teacher.

Task 1: flashing a mobile a phon

Information sheet 4 Checking and isolating chips using specified testing

procedures

4.1 Checking and isolating chips using specified testing procedures

SIM Circuit Works & Schematic Diagram

Now here's a brief explanation on how does SIM Circuit Works on a mobile
phones circuit.
A SIM Card has six pads that also corresponds to the six SIM connectors pins, but
only five has totally have connection on the entire layout.

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 SIM DATA - this is a digital data that being stored on a SIM memory
SIM Clock - this is a clock frequency signal that being synchronize to the digital data
to create data signal in order transfer or sends and receive data information.
SIM Reset - this is also a frequency signal that triggers or reset all synchronization
process.
VSIM B+ Supply Voltage- This a power supply voltage used to activated the SIM
circuit.

SIM Ground - a ground line voltage

The other one is not connected

fig4.1

A Typical block Diagram above shows on how SIM Circuit Works on a Cellular phones
circuits.
In the layout the SIM Interface Connector connected directly to SIM Control Circuit.
The SIM Control Circuit is the one that generates Clock frequency that triggers the
SIM data storage, once the SIM is now being triggered, it is then now sends data
information to the application processor to begin the process with. The application
processor is the one that gathered all data information from the SIM memory, initiate
and activate it, if all information is in desired status.

Those three particular lines of signal flows associated in the circuit shows how the
synchronization is being applied. If one of those lines is being cut off the sending and
receiving process will breakdown, and will result to SIM problem issues. The Power

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 Supply Voltage through the SIM is also remaining stable otherwise a lack of voltage
will not activate the SIM to work.

fig4.2

In a picture below, an EMI-ESD Filter has been added to protect the circuit to
an Electro-static Discharge and Electro-magnetic Interference disorders. This
type of SIM connection circuit is an advantage to mobile phone technician for
troubleshooting SIM related problem issues. Thus, type of particular EMI filter is
very vulnerable and mostly create breakdown to the entire SIM connection.

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 Fig4.3

The picture below is an equivalent layout of an EMI filter and its internal circuitry,
only both frequency and data lines is being filtered.

Fig 4.4

The EMI Filter is a tiny chip designed to protect SIM DATA, SIM Clock and SIM Reset
data signals that flow across trough the SIM connector.

Fig 4.5

connection were both separated and apart from each other but all of each line is
being pointed towards in audio codec circuit.

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 Fig4.22

 What is the basic troubleshooting?

Troubleshooting is a form of problem solving, often applied to repair failed products or
processes on a machine or a system. It is a logical, systematic search for the source
of a problem in order to solve it, and make the product or process operational again.
Troubleshooting is needed to identify the symptoms.
 How to Troubleshoot your Cell Phone

Technology should be seamless, but you will find that your cell phone doesn’t always
perform as flawlessly as you want. A list of solutions for ordinary problems with these
devices can be found in the tips and tricks listed below. However, if you still can’t find
the answer, you might want to contact your authorized cell phone provider. Whatever
you do, don’t take apart the phone yourself. Trying to fix your phone by taking it apart
will void the warranty.

 If your phone does turn on, your battery might be out of charge. This is a fairly
elementary fix. Charge your battery like you usually do, but make sure it is fully
plugged in the phone or the computer or wall charger. You should also remove
the battery from the phone and use a rag to brush away dirt. Although cell
phones are supposedly sealed, dirt and debris can clog up the connections.
Reconnect, make sure the battery is correctly re-installed and try again.

 If your battery is not charging, you might try plugging another electrical device
into the outlet to verify this outlet works. Replace your charger or battery if
necessary.

 If your phone gets wet, remove the battery from the phone and allow both the
phone and the battery to thoroughly dry. If you find rust or corrosion on the
battery, wipe it off with a stiff brush. Try out the phone and if it still does not
work, you might need to replace your battery.

 If your display is not working, it may be due to extreme temperatures. Let your
phone come to room temperature. Your display should come back up.

 If the keys on your cell phone don’t work, look for a symbol on your display
screen that looks like a lock. You may have inadvertently locked your keypad.
The display should tell you how to unlock your phone. If you do not have these
instructions, check out the owner’s manual or the phone’s website.

 If you have problems while talking, you might check to make sure the battery is
not low. Move toward a window if you are inside or go outside to get better
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 reception. Basements, elevators, and basements interfere with cell phone
reception. Storms can also be the cause of interference. If you get continually
static, you may need to change phones.

 Check your volume if you cannot hear the other person. It is easy to forget that
there is a volume control on your phone. Having your volume control turned
down low is a very common mistake.

 It is so annoying to not receive calls when you know they are coming in.
Confirm that your call forwarding or automatic voice control is not activated.
Check the ringer volume and confirm that your rings are not in the silent mode.

If your cell phone is not working due to problems with your service provider, call their
customer service and register a complaint. You can also work with a representative to
solve any problems you are experiencing. If all else fails contact FCC, Consumer
Information Bureau Customer Services Network Division, 445 12th Street SW
Washington, DC 20554 to get your complaints aired.

How do you troubleshoot a mobile phone?

General troubleshooting tips for Android devices
1. Restart your device. It might sound simple, but sometimes that's all it takes to
fix a bad connection.
2. If restarting doesn't work, switch between Wi-Fi and mobile data: Open your
Settings app "Wireless & networks" or "Connections". ...
3. Try the troubleshooting steps below.

[Link]

FAILURE ANALYSIS
• Steps 1 and 2 were used to recognize, verify, and
obtain descriptive information
• Step 3 allowed you to make a logical selection of the
logical faulty unit
• Step 4 provided for simple input-output tests and
localized the faulty functions
• Step 5 localized the fault to the circuit within the faulty
unit
• Step 6 will involve the actual replacement or repair of
faulty circuit components

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  What are the most common troubleshooting techniques and strategies?
Here are my five common-sense techniques and strategies to solve common
computer hardware problems.
 Swap Components (Trial-and-Error) Personal computers by design are highly
modular. ...
 Check the cables. Almost 80% of all PC problems are related to cabling and
connections. ...
 Do not get frustrated. ...
 Take down notes. ...
 Look inside.

Self-check 5 Written test

Name: __________________________________Date:
________________________

Time Start: ___________________________Time Finish: _____________________

1. Describe troubleshooting.
2. Write 5 steps of troubleshooting
3. What are the most common troubleshooting techniques and strategies?

Answer score

1___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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 Information sheet 6 Identified defects and faults are explained to the responsible
person in accordance with company policy and procedures

6.1 identify Mobile Phone Fault Finding for Mobile Cell Phone Repairing

Mobile Phone Fault Finding for Mobile Cell Phone Repairing – In order to repair any
mobile cell phone, we must find and know fault or problem present in Different
Sections of Mobile Phone, Parts and Components. If we know about problems of
different parts and components present in different sections inside a mobile cell phone
then we can easily repair the fault by checking the component.

A cell phone can get various faults and problems when using it. So cell phone repair
technicians should know what are all the faults they have to repair and fix when they
open a repair [Link] should know how to diagnose and troubleshoot them
easily.

 Basically, there are 3 types of faults in cell phones

1. Settings Faults

2. Software Faults

3. Hardware Faults

The list of all faults in cell phone are:

1. Dead: If a phone doesn’t switch-on, it is called a dead phone.

2. Insert Sim Card: In this fault, the SIM card does not detected.

3. Hanging Problem: In this fault, the handset freezes frequently.

4. Network Problem: No signal and network or low network

5. Microphone Problem: No out-going sound.

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 6. Ringer Problem: No ring tone, music and loud speaker will not work.

7. Speaker Problem: No incoming sound.

8. Vibrator Problem: No vibration.

9. Display Problem: No graphics on LCD or broken LCD.

10. Auto Switch Off: Phone switches off automatically even if not switched-off.

11. Restart Problem: Phone restarts automatically.

12. Call Cut Off: Call gets disconnected or cuts off.

13. Charging Problem: No charging or very slow charging.

14. Keypad Problem: Keypad doesn’t work or some keys do not function. Home
button or volume buttons do not work

15: Touch Problem: Touch doesn’t work or slow touch.

16. Battery Discharge Problem: Battery gets drained very fast even when fully
charged.

17. Bluetooth Problem: Bluetooth does not work.

18. Camera Problem: Camera does not work.

19. FM Radio: Radio does not work or no tuning.

20. LED Problem: Not light on LCD.

21. Memory Card Problem: MMC does not get detected.

22. No Internet

23 WiFi Problem: WiFi does not function

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 These are the most common faults that arise in cell phones as well as smartphones
and tablets. Sometimes unlocking is required if your device is locked. There are many
more strange problems other than the ones mentioned above. Some of these are
easy to repair while others are difficult and sometimes are beyond repair.

Self-check 6 Written test

Name: __________________________________Date:
________________________

Time Start: ___________________________Time Finish: _____________________

1. Write down types of fault

2. List out some common mobile phone fault.

Answer score

1. ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
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 ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________-

8.1CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY

Customer satisfaction Customer satisfaction has been one of the top tools for a
successful business. Customer satisfaction is defined as an overall evaluation based on the
total purchase and consumption experience with the good or service over time (Fornell,
Johnson, Anderson, Cha & Bryant 1996). With marketing, customer satisfaction also comes
along with it, which means it ascertains the expectation of the customer on how the goods
and services are being facilitated by the companies. Actionable information on how to make
customers further satisfied is therefore, a crucial outcome (Oliver 1999.)

Customer satisfaction is dynamic and relative. Only the idea “customer-centric” can help
companies improve satisfaction and keep customer truly, conversely, if competitors
improve customer satisfaction, then it may loss corporate customers.

Specific product or service features and perceptions of quality influence customer

satisfaction. Satisfaction is also influenced by customer’s emotional responses, their
attibutions natheir perception of equity.

Customer relationship management triangle law describes Customer satisfaction =

customer expectations customer satisfaction. In the given figure, customer satisfaction can
be seen negatively correlated with customer expectations. The figure clear difference
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 between the customer experience and customer expectation. Therefore, it is divided into
five intervals (very dissatisfied, relatively dissatisfied, general satisfaction, relatively
satisfied and very satisfied). When the customer experience essential flats with customer
expectation, the customer satisfaction become higher. On the contrary, compared with the
expectations, the worse customer experience brings lower customer satisfaction. There are
two ways to improve customer satisfaction for companies.

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Self-check 8 Written

Name:__________________________________Date:_____________________

Time Start: ________________________Time Finish: _____________________

1. What is customer satisfaction?

AIR HEA
T

1. Place the unit board to the maintenance plate stand as shown below.
2. Place a soldering flux to the SMD to be extracted, i.e. CCONT BGA IC of
Nokia 3310.

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 CCON
T

BGA
IC

3. Apply the hot air station nozzle over the SMD at about 1 cm and start to
move the nozzle counterclockwise according to the SMD to be removed.
4. Occasionally check for the SMD if it loosens before removing it from board.

Has your Instructor Check your work?

Reference

[Link] repairing .com

Wikipedia. 2010. Form factor (mobile phones). [ONLINE] Available at:

[Link] [Accessed 04 July
15].

Shashilata D. [Link]-phone-repairing-tools-equipment-tools-to-repair-mobile-
[Link]. [ONLINE] Available at: [Link]
[Accessed 05 February 15].

Service manuals, Schematics. 2010. Service manuals, Schematics > Mobile Phones
> Nokia. [ONLINE] Available at:

[Link] [Accessed 05 February 15].

Phone Repair [Link] CellPhone Repair Tutorials [ONLINE] Available at:

[Link] 05 February 15].

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