Numbers - Basic Formulae & Examples
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Some Basic Formulae and Examples
1. Formula: (a + b)(a - b) = (a² - b²)
Problem: Evaluate the product of 103 × 97 by using algebraic identity.
Solution: We can write 103 = (100 + 3) and 97 = (100 - 3).
Product = (100 + 3)(100 - 3) = 100² - 3² = 10000 - 9 = 9991.
Answer: 9991
VOCABULARY:
• Evaluate – মান ন র্ণ য় করা
• Product – গু ফল
• Algebraic identity – বীজগ তীয় অ ভেদ/সূত্র
2. Formula: (a + b)² = (a² + b² + 2ab)
Problem: If x + 1/x = 5, find the value of x² + 1/x².
Solution: Squaring both sides: (x + 1/x)² = 5²
⇒ x² + 1/x² + 2(x)(1/x) = 25
⇒ x² + 1/x² + 2 = 25 ⇒ x² + 1/x² = 25 - 2 = 23.
Answer: 23
VOCABULARY:
• Squaring – বগর্ণ ক র
• Value – মান
1
3. Formula: (a - b)² = (a² + b² - 2ab)
Problem: If the sum of two numbers is 9 and their product is 20, find the value of the square
of their difference.
Solution: Let the numbers be a and b. Given, a + b = 9 and ab = 20.
We know, (a - b)² = (a + b)² - 4ab
⇒ (a - b)² = 9² - 4(20) = 81 - 80 = 1.
Answer: 1
VOCABULARY:
• Difference – পা র্ণ ক্য / ব য়াগফল
• Square – বগর্ণ
4. Formula: (a + b + c)² = a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + bc + ca)
Problem: If a + b + c = 9 and ab + bc + ca = 26, find the value of a² + b² + c².
Solution: Using the formula: (a + b + c)² = a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + bc + ca)
⇒ 9² = (a² + b² + c²) + 2(26)
⇒ 81 = (a² + b² + c²) + 52 ⇒ a² + b² + c² = 81 - 52 = 29.
Answer: 29
VOCABULARY:
• Sum – সমষ্টি বা যাগফল
5. Formula: (a³ + b³) = (a + b)(a² - ab + b²)
Problem: Simplify the expression: (67 × 67 × 67 + 33 × 33 × 33) / (67 × 67 - 67 × 33 + 33 × 33)
Solution: Let a = 67 and b = 33. The expression is in the form of (a³ + b³) / (a² - ab + b²).
Since a³ + b³ = (a + b)(a² - ab + b²), the expression simplifies to (a + b).
⇒ 67 + 33 = 100.
Answer: 100
VOCABULARY:
• Simplify – সরলীকর করা
• Expression – রা শিমালা
2
6. Formula: (a³ - b³) = (a - b)(a² + ab + b²)
Problem: If x - y = 4 and xy = 12, find the value of x³ - y³.
Solution: We know another form of the identity: x³ - y³ = (x - y)³ + 3xy(x - y)
⇒ x³ - y³ = 4³ + 3(12)(4) = 64 + 144 = 208.
Answer: 208
VOCABULARY:
• Alternatively – বকল্পভো ব
7. Formula: (a³ + b³ + c³ - 3abc) = (a + b + c)(a² + b² + c² - ab - bc - ac)
Problem: Find the value of (a³ + b³ + c³ - 3abc) / (a² + b² + c² - ab - bc - ac) if a = 12, b = 13, and c
= 15.
Solution: According to the formula, the numerator can be expanded as (a + b + c)(a² + b² + c² -
ab - bc - ac). Canceling out the common terms from numerator and denominator, we get:
Value = a + b + c = 12 + 13 + 15 = 40.
Answer: 40
VOCABULARY:
• Numerator – লব
• Denominator – হর
• Canceling out – ক টে দওয়া / বাদ দওয়া
8. Formula: When a + b + c = 0, then a³ + b³ + c³ = 3abc
Problem: Find the value of (25)³ + (-15)³ + (-10)³.
Solution: Let a = 25, b = -15, and c = -10.
First, check the sum: a + b + c = 25 + (-15) + (-10) = 25 - 25 = 0.
Since a + b + c = 0, then a³ + b³ + c³ = 3abc.
⇒ 3 × 25 × (-15) × (-10) = 75 × 150 = 11250.
Answer: 11250
VOCABULARY:
• Check – যাচাই করা