📦 Arrays in Java
📌 1. Definition
👉 An array is a collection of elements of the same data type, stored in contiguous memory
locations.
✅ Fixed size
✅ Indexed (0-based)
✅ Homogeneous data
🧠 2. Memory Representation
👉 Arrays are stored in heap memory in Java.
● Reference variable → stored in stack
● Actual array → stored in heap
📍 Example:
int[] arr = new int[5];
🧠 Memory:
arr → [0][0][0][0][0]
0 1 2 3 4 (indexes)
🛠️ 3. Types of Array Declaration
🔹 Method 1
int[] arr = new int[5];
🔹 Method 2
int arr[] = new int[5];
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🔹 Method 3 (Initialization)
int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
🔹 Method 4 (Dynamic + values)
int[] arr = new int[]{10, 20, 30};
📏 4. Size of Array (length)
👉 Use .length property
int[] arr = {1,2,3,4};
[Link]([Link]); // 4
📌 Note:
● Not a method → no ()
🔁 5. Traversing an Array
🔹 Using for loop
for(int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
[Link](arr[i]);
}
🔹 Enhanced for loop (for-each)
for(int num : arr) {
[Link](num);
}
👉 Use when index is NOT required 👍
📥 6. Taking Input
import [Link].*;
Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
int n = [Link]();
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int[] arr = new int[n];
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = [Link]();
}
📤 7. Printing Array
🔹 Normal
for(int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
[Link](arr[i] + " ");
}
🔹 Using [Link]()
import [Link];
[Link]([Link](arr));
⚠️ 8. Common Errors in Arrays
❌ 1. ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
❌
int[] arr = new int[3];
[Link](arr[5]); //
❌ 2. NullPointerException
❌
int[] arr = null;
[Link]([Link]); //
❌ 3. NegativeArraySizeException
int[] arr = new int[-5]; // ❌
🔍 9. Accessing & Updating Elements
🔹 Access
[Link](arr[2]);
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🔹 Update
arr[2] = 100;
🧱 10. Array of Objects
class Student {
int id;
String name;
}
Student[] students = new Student[3];
students[0] = new Student();
students[0].id = 1;
students[0].name = "Soumik";
👉 Array stores references of objects 🔗
🔄 11. Passing Array to Methods
public static void printArray(int[] arr) {
for(int num : arr) {
[Link](num + " ");
}
}
Call:
printArray(arr);
👉 Arrays are passed by reference 🔁
🔙 12. Returning Array from Method
public static int[] createArray() {
int[] arr = {1,2,3};
return arr;
}
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✅ 13. Advantages
✨ Fast access (O(1))
✨ Simple & easy
✨ Memory efficient
✨ Useful for fixed-size data
❌ 14. Disadvantages
🚫 Fixed size
🚫 Insertion/Deletion costly
🚫 Homogeneous only
🚫 Memory wastage possible
🧠 16. MCQs on Arrays
❓1. What is default value of int array?
A. 1
B. 0
C. null
D. garbage
✅ Answer: B
🧠 Explanation: Primitive int → default = 0
❓2. Index of first element?
A. 1
B. 0
C. -1
D. depends
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✅ Answer: B
❓3. Which is correct declaration?
A. int arr[5]
B. int[] arr
C. array int arr
D. int arr()
✅ Answer: B
❓4. Array size is?
A. Dynamic
B. Fixed
C. Unlimited
D. Random
✅ Answer: B
❓5. Which exception for invalid index?
A. NullPointerException
B. ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
C. ArithmeticException
D. IOException
✅ Answer: B
❓6. .length is?
A. Method
B. Variable
C. Class
D. Object
✅ Answer: B
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❓7. Array is stored in?
A. Stack
B. Heap
C. CPU
D. Disk
✅ Answer: B
❓8. Which loop is best without index?
A. for
B. while
C. do-while
D. for-each
✅ Answer: D
❓9. Can array store objects?
A. No
B. Yes
C. Only primitives
D. Only strings
✅ Answer: B
❓10. What happens if array not initialized?
A. Compile error
B. Runtime error
C. Garbage value
D. NullPointerException
✅ Answer: D
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