50 Python Programs

With Code and Verified Output

Unit 2: Python Programming

Topics: Basics & Variables • Operators • Conditional Statements • Loops • Functions, Modules & Lists

Every program below has been run and its output verified.
Contents
Section 1: Python Basics, Comments & Variables (Programs 1–10)
Section 2: Operators (Arithmetic, Comparison, Assignment, Logical) (Programs 11–20)
Section 3: Conditional Statements (if, if-else, if-elif-else) (Programs 21–32)
Section 4: Loops (while Loop and for Loop) (Programs 33–42)
Section 5: Functions, Modules, Libraries & Lists (Programs 43–50)
Section 1: Python Basics, Comments & Variables

Program 1: Print a simple welcome message

Topic: Basic Python Syntax (print function)
Code:
print("Welcome to Python Programming!")

Output:
Welcome to Python Programming!

Program 2: Display single-line and multi-line comments

Topic: Python Comments
Code:
# This is a single-line comment
print("K2 is the second-highest mountain in the world")

"""
This is a multi-line comment.
It can span multiple lines.
"""
print("Edhi Foundation is the largest volunteer ambulance network.")

Output:
K2 is the second-highest mountain in the world
Edhi Foundation is the largest volunteer ambulance network.

Program 3: Create and display variables of different types

Topic: Variables and Data Types
Code:
age = 17
price = 19.99
name = "Ali"
is_student = True

print("Age (int):", age, "| Type:", type(age))

print("Price (float):", price, "| Type:", type(price))
print("Name (str):", name, "| Type:", type(name))
print("Is Student (bool):", is_student, "| Type:", type(is_student))

Output:
Age (int): 17 | Type: <class 'int'>
Price (float): 19.99 | Type: <class 'float'>
Name (str): Ali | Type: <class 'str'>
Is Student (bool): True | Type: <class 'bool'>
Program 4: Take user's name and age and greet them
Topic: Input/Output Operations
Code:
# Simulating input since this runs non-interactively
user_name = "Ahmad"
user_age = "20"
print("Hello, " + user_name + "! You are " + user_age + " years old.")

Output:
Hello, Ahmad! You are 20 years old.

Program 5: Concatenate strings using the print function

Topic: String concatenation / I/O
Code:
age = 71
print("Ahmad lived for", age, "years")
age = 60
print("Iqbal lived for", age, "years")

Output:
Ahmad lived for 71 years
Iqbal lived for 60 years

Program 6: Handle integer input and display it

Topic: Type Casting (int())
Code:
user_age = int("25") # simulating int(input("Enter your age: "))
print("Your age is:", user_age)

Output:
Your age is: 25

Program 7: Handle float input and display it

Topic: Type Casting (float())
Code:
user_height = float("1.75") # simulating float(input(...))
print("Your height is", user_height, "meters")

Output:
Your height is 1.75 meters

Program 8: Demonstrate variable naming rules (valid vs reserved)

Topic: Variable Naming Rules
Code:
 _age = 18
student_name = "Sara"
Age = 21 # different from 'age' due to case sensitivity
age = 17

print("_age =", _age)

print("student_name =", student_name)
print("Age =", Age, "| age =", age, "(case-sensitive, different
variables)")

Output:
_age = 18
student_name = Sara
Age = 21 | age = 17 (case-sensitive, different variables)

Program 9: Swap two variables without a third variable

Topic: Variables / Assignment
Code:
a = 5
b = 10
print("Before swap: a =", a, ", b =", b)
a, b = b, a
print("After swap: a =", a, ", b =", b)

Output:
Before swap: a = 5 , b = 10
After swap: a = 10 , b = 5

Program 10: Display Python's basic data types together

Topic: Data Types Summary
Code:
my_int = 10
my_float = 3.14
my_str = "Python"
my_bool = False

print("Integer:", my_int)
print("Float:", my_float)
print("String:", my_str)
print("Boolean:", my_bool)

Output:
Integer: 10
Float: 3.14
String: Python
Boolean: False
Section 2: Operators (Arithmetic, Comparison, Assignment,
Logical)

Program 11: Perform all arithmetic operations on two numbers

Topic: Arithmetic Operators
Code:
a, b = 10, 3
print(a, "+", b, "=", a + b)
print(a, "-", b, "=", a - b)
print(a, "*", b, "=", a * b)
print(a, "/", b, "=", a / b)
print(a, "//", b, "=", a // b)
print(a, "%", b, "=", a % b)
print(a, "**", b, "=", a ** b)

Output:
10 + 3 = 13
10 - 3 = 7
10 * 3 = 30
10 / 3 = 3.3333333333333335
10 // 3 = 3
10 % 3 = 1
10 ** 3 = 1000

Program 12: Calculate the area and perimeter of a rectangle

Topic: Arithmetic Operators
Code:
length = 12
width = 5
area = length * width
perimeter = 2 * (length + width)
print("Rectangle: length =", length, ", width =", width)
print("Area =", area)
print("Perimeter =", perimeter)

Output:
Rectangle: length = 12 , width = 5
Area = 60
Perimeter = 34

Program 13: Convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit

Topic: Arithmetic Operators / Expressions
Code:
celsius = 28
 fahrenheit = (celsius * 9 / 5) + 32
print(celsius, "Celsius =", fahrenheit, "Fahrenheit")

Output:
28 Celsius = 82.4 Fahrenheit

Program 14: Calculate simple interest

Topic: Arithmetic Operators
Code:
principal = 5000
rate = 4.5
time = 3
simple_interest = (principal * rate * time) / 100
print("Principal:", principal, "| Rate:", rate, "% | Time:", time, "years")
print("Simple Interest =", simple_interest)

Output:
Principal: 5000 | Rate: 4.5 % | Time: 3 years
Simple Interest = 675.0

Program 15: Demonstrate all comparison (relational) operators

Topic: Comparison Operators
Code:
x, y = 10, 5
print(x, ">", y, "=", x > y)
print(x, "<", y, "=", x < y)
print(x, "==", y, "=", x == y)
print(x, "!=", y, "=", x != y)
print(x, ">=", y, "=", x >= y)
print(x, "<=", y, "=", x <= y)

Output:
10 > 5 = True
10 < 5 = False
10 == 5 = False
10 != 5 = True
10 >= 5 = True
10 <= 5 = False

Program 16: Check if two numbers are equal

Topic: Comparison Operators
Code:
num1 = 25
num2 = 25
if num1 == num2:
print(num1, "and", num2, "are equal")
 else:
print(num1, "and", num2, "are not equal")

Output:
25 and 25 are equal

Program 17: Demonstrate all assignment operators

Topic: Assignment Operators (compound)
Code:
a = 10
print("a =", a)
a += 5
print("a after += 5:", a)
a -= 3
print("a after -= 3:", a)
a *= 2
print("a after *= 2:", a)
a /= 4
print("a after /= 4:", a)
a **= 2
print("a after **= 2:", a)

Output:
a = 10
a after += 5: 15
a after -= 3: 12
a after *= 2: 24
a after /= 4: 6.0
a after **= 2: 36.0

Program 18: Demonstrate logical operators (and, or, not)

Topic: Logical Operators
Code:
age = 20
has_id = True

print("age > 18 and has_id:", (age > 18) and has_id)

print("age > 18 or has_id:", (age > 18) or has_id)
print("not has_id:", not has_id)

Output:
age > 18 and has_id: True
age > 18 or has_id: True
not has_id: False

Program 19: Check eligibility to vote using logical operators

Topic: Logical Operators
Code:
age = 19
is_citizen = True

if age >= 18 and is_citizen:

print("You are eligible to vote.")
else:
print("You are not eligible to vote.")

Output:
You are eligible to vote.

Program 20: Calculate the average of three numbers

Topic: Arithmetic Operators
Code:
n1, n2, n3 = 85, 90, 78
average = (n1 + n2 + n3) / 3
print("Numbers:", n1, n2, n3)
print("Average =", average)

Output:
Numbers: 85 90 78
Average = 84.33333333333333
Section 3: Conditional Statements (if, if-else, if-elif-else)

Program 21: Check if a number is positive, negative, or zero

Topic: if-elif-else Statement
Code:
num = -7
if num > 0:
print(num, "is positive")
elif num < 0:
print(num, "is negative")
else:
print(num, "is zero")

Output:
-7 is negative

Program 22: Check if a number is even or odd

Topic: if-else Statement
Code:
number = 17
if number % 2 == 0:
print(number, "is even")
else:
print(number, "is odd")

Output:
17 is odd

Program 23: Check if a number is even or odd (short-hand if-else)

Topic: Short-Hand if-else Statement
Code:
number = 8
result = "even" if number % 2 == 0 else "odd"
print(number, "is", result)

Output:
8 is even

Program 24: Determine weather advice based on condition

Topic: if-elif-else Statement
Code:
weather = "rainy"
if weather == "sunny":
 print("Wear sunglasses")
elif weather == "rainy":
print("Take an umbrella")
else:
print("Enjoy your day!")

Output:
Take an umbrella

Program 25: Grade calculator based on marks

Topic: if-elif-else Statement
Code:
marks = 72
if marks >= 90:
grade = "A+"
elif marks >= 80:
grade = "A"
elif marks >= 70:
grade = "B"
elif marks >= 60:
grade = "C"
else:
grade = "F"
print("Marks:", marks, "-> Grade:", grade)

Output:
Marks: 72 -> Grade: B

Program 26: Check if a number is divisible by both 3 and 5

Topic: if-else with Logical Operators
Code:
num = 30
if num % 3 == 0 and num % 5 == 0:
print(num, "is divisible by both 3 and 5")
else:
print(num, "is not divisible by both 3 and 5")

Output:
30 is divisible by both 3 and 5

Program 27: Find the largest of three numbers

Topic: if-elif-else Statement
Code:
a, b, c = 23, 67, 45
if a >= b and a >= c:
largest = a
 elif b >= a and b >= c:
largest = b
else:
largest = c
print("Among", a, b, c, "-> Largest is", largest)

Output:
Among 23 67 45 -> Largest is 67

Program 28: Check eligibility for a driving license (age-based)

Topic: if-else Statement
Code:
age = 16
if age >= 18:
print("You are eligible for a driving license.")
else:
print("You are not eligible. Wait", 18 - age, "more year(s).")

Output:
You are not eligible. Wait 2 more year(s).

Program 29: Classify BMI category

Topic: if-elif-else Statement
Code:
weight = 68 # kg
height = 1.7 # meters
bmi = weight / (height ** 2)
if bmi < 18.5:
category = "Underweight"
elif bmi < 25:
category = "Normal weight"
elif bmi < 30:
category = "Overweight"
else:
category = "Obese"
print("BMI:", round(bmi, 2), "-> Category:", category)

Output:
BMI: 23.53 -> Category: Normal weight

Program 30: Check if a year is a leap year

Topic: if-elif-else Statement
Code:
year = 2024
if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):
print(year, "is a leap year")
 else:
print(year, "is not a leap year")

Output:
2024 is a leap year

Program 31: Ticket price calculator based on age category

Topic: if-elif-else Statement
Code:
age = 65
if age < 5:
price = 0
elif age < 18:
price = 5
elif age < 60:
price = 10
else:
price = 6
print("Age:", age, "-> Ticket price: $" + str(price))

Output:
Age: 65 -> Ticket price: $6

Program 32: Check vowel or consonant using short-hand if-else

Topic: Short-Hand if-else Statement
Code:
letter = "e"
result = "vowel" if [Link]() in "aeiou" else "consonant"
print("'" + letter + "' is a", result)

Output:
'e' is a vowel
Section 4: Loops (while Loop and for Loop)

Program 33: Print even and odd numbers from 1 to 20 using while loop
Topic: while Loop
Code:
number = 1
print("Even numbers:", end=" ")
while number <= 20:
if number % 2 == 0:
print(number, end=" ")
number += 1
print()

number = 1
print("Odd numbers:", end=" ")
while number <= 20:
if number % 2 != 0:
print(number, end=" ")
number += 1
print()

Output:
Even numbers: 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Odd numbers: 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

Program 34: Add 1 to a number until it reaches 10 (basic while loop)

Topic: while Loop
Code:
number = 1
while number < 10:
print(number)
number += 1

Output:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Program 35: Calculate the sum of numbers from 1 to 100 using while loop
Topic: while Loop
Code:
total = 0
num = 1
while num <= 100:
total += num
num += 1
print("Sum of 1 to 100 =", total)

Output:
Sum of 1 to 100 = 5050

Program 36: Print even numbers from 2 to 10 using for loop and range()
Topic: for Loop with range()
Code:
for number in range(2, 11, 2):
print(number, end=" ")
print()

Output:
2 4 6 8 10

Program 37: Print the first 10 multiples of 3 using for loop and range()
Topic: for Loop with range()
Code:
for i in range(1, 11):
print(3 * i, end=" ")
print()

Output:
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30

Program 38: Say "Hello" to each friend in a list of friends

Topic: for Loop (iterating over a list)
Code:
friends = ["Ahmad", "Ali", "Hassan"]
for friend in friends:
print("Hello,", friend)

Output:
Hello, Ahmad
Hello, Ali
Hello, Hassan

Program 39: Calculate the factorial of a number using a for loop

Topic: for Loop
Code:
n = 5
factorial = 1
for i in range(1, n + 1):
factorial *= i
print("Factorial of", n, "=", factorial)

Output:
Factorial of 5 = 120

Program 40: Generate the Fibonacci series up to 10 terms

Topic: while Loop
Code:
a, b = 0, 1
count = 0
print("Fibonacci series:", end=" ")
while count < 10:
print(a, end=" ")
a, b = b, a + b
count += 1
print()

Output:
Fibonacci series: 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

Program 41: Print the multiplication table of a number using for loop
Topic: for Loop with range()
Code:
num = 7
for i in range(1, 11):
print(num, "x", i, "=", num * i)

Output:
7 x 1 = 7
7 x 2 = 14
7 x 3 = 21
7 x 4 = 28
7 x 5 = 35
7 x 6 = 42
7 x 7 = 49
7 x 8 = 56
7 x 9 = 63
7 x 10 = 70

Program 42: Count down from 10 to 1 using a while loop

Topic: while Loop
Code:
 counter = 10
while counter >= 1:
print(counter, end=" ")
counter -= 1
print("\nLiftoff!")

Output:
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Liftoff!
Section 5: Functions, Modules, Libraries & Lists

Program 43: Define a function to greet a person

Topic: Defining and Invoking Functions
Code:
def greet(name):
print("Hello,", name)

greet("Ali")
greet("Sara")

Output:
Hello, Ali
Hello, Sara

Program 44: Define a function to add two numbers (with return value)
Topic: Function Parameters and Return Values
Code:
def add(a, b):
return a + b

result = add(15, 27)

print("15 + 27 =", result)

Output:
15 + 27 = 42

Program 45: Define a function with a default parameter

Topic: Default Parameters
Code:
def greet(name="Student"):
return "Hello " + name + "!"

print(greet())
print(greet("Umer"))

Output:
Hello Student!
Hello Umer!

Program 46: Define a function that returns the maximum value from a list
Topic: Functions + Lists (Class Activity from notes)
Code:
 def find_max(numbers):
largest = numbers[0]
for num in numbers:
if num > largest:
largest = num
return largest

nums = [12, 45, 3, 89, 27]

print("List:", nums)
print("Maximum value:", find_max(nums))

Output:
List: [12, 45, 3, 89, 27]
Maximum value: 89

Program 47: Use the random library to generate a random number

Topic: Importing and Using Libraries (random)
Code:
import random
number = [Link](1, 10)
print("The random number is:", number)

Output:
The random number is: 2
Note: Output will vary each time you run this program, since it generates a random number.

Program 48: Use the statistics library to calculate the mean

Topic: Importing and Using Libraries (statistics)
Code:
import statistics
data = [23, 45, 67, 89, 12, 44, 56]
mean_value = [Link](data)
print("Data:", data)
print("The mean value is:", mean_value)

Output:
Data: [23, 45, 67, 89, 12, 44, 56]
The mean value is: 48

Program 49: Create, modify, and use built-in methods on a list

Topic: Lists (creating, accessing, modifying, append, sort)
Code:
fruits = ["Mango", "Apple", "Banana"]
print("Original list:", fruits)
 fruits[0] = "Orange"
[Link]("Pineapple")
print("After modifying:", fruits)

students = ["Ahmed", "Sara", "Ali"]

[Link]("Hina")
[Link]()
print("Sorted students list:", students)

Output:
Original list: ['Mango', 'Apple', 'Banana']
After modifying: ['Orange', 'Apple', 'Banana', 'Pineapple']
Sorted students list: ['Ahmed', 'Ali', 'Hina', 'Sara']

Program 50: List slicing, concatenation, and remove operation

Topic: List Operations (slicing, concatenation, remove)
Code:
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
slice_part = numbers[1:4]
extra_numbers = [6, 7]
combined = slice_part + extra_numbers
print("Original list:", numbers)
print("Sliced [1:4]:", slice_part)
print("Combined with [6, 7]:", combined)

student_names = ["Ahmed", "Sara", "Ali", "Hina"]

student_names.sort()
student_names.remove("Sara")
print("Sorted & 'Sara' removed:", student_names)

Output:
Original list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Sliced [1:4]: [2, 3, 4]
Combined with [6, 7]: [2, 3, 4, 6, 7]
Sorted & 'Sara' removed: ['Ahmed', 'Ali', 'Hina']