INTERNSHIP REPORT

SUBMITTED BY:
[Link]

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINNERING

M V J COLLEGE OF ENGINNERING
BANGALORE:560067

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 INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The internship opportunity I had with “ALEMBIC REAL ESTATE” at their project
ALEMBIC CITY was a great chance for learning and professional development. I am grateful
that I was provided with such opportunities to be a part of it and for having a chance to meet
so many wonderful people and professionals who led me through this internship period.

I am taking this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude and special thanks to the Associate
Vice President of Shreno Limited Bangalore, Mr Shriharsha S C and Sr. Project Manager Mr.
Rajendra Purohith who despite being extraordinarily busy with their duties, took time out to
hear, guide and keep me on the correct path and allowing me to carry out my project at their
esteemed organizations and extending during the training.

It is my radiant sentiment to place on records my best regards and deepest sense of gratitude to
Mr. BIPIN VK (Human Resource Manager) and Ms. KUSUMA (Human Resource Executive)
for their careful and precious guidance which were extremely valuable for my study.

I would like to thank our Principal, Dr. AJAYAN KR for his constant support and
encouragement throughout the entire course of Internship. I express my deepest sense of
gratitude to our HOD, Prof. VIDHYA A CARMEL for her valuable guidance and constant
help in every possible way.

I perceive this opportunity as a big milestone in my career development. I will strive to use
gained skills and knowledge in the best possible way and I will continue to work on
improvement to attain desired career objectives.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO CONTENT PAGE NO

1. Introduction 5
1.0 About alembic group 5
1.1 Completed projects 8
2. About Organization 10
2.0 Organization structure 10
2.1 Organization hierarchy 11
2.2 Functions of organization 12
3. Safety 18
3.1 Personal protective and life saving equipment 18
4. About project 23
4.1 Alembic cloud forest 23
4.2 Project Execution 24
4.3 Excavation 25
4.4 PCC 29
4.5 Raft foundation 32
4.6 Construction steps 34
4.7 Foundation details 38
4.8 Column details 40
4.9 Formwork 42
5. 5.0 Conclusion 47

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 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1.1 Company description 7

1.2 Completed project details 8

1.3 Master plan of the project 9

2.1 Details of organization structure 10

2.2 0rganization hierarchy 11

2.3 Functions of organization 12

3.1 Safety requirements 18

3.2 Safety helmets and their uses 19

3.3 Safety equipment’s 20

4.1 Project overview 23

4.2 Surveying 25

4.3 Ariel view of the project 27

4.4 Ariel view of the project 27

4.5 Safe excavation and soil 28

disposal
4.6 PCC work in foundation area 30
4.7 Completion of PCC work 31
4.8 Raft foundation plan 32

4.9 3D view of residential towers 34

4.10 Commencement of reinforcement work 35

4.11 Reinforcement work in foundation 36

4.12 Typical floor layouts 37

4.13 Reinforcement work in foundation 38

4.14 Column detailed drawing 39

4.15 Shuttering work 41

4.16 Formwork for foundation 44

4.17 Concreting work 46

 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Founded in 1907, Alembic Group is one of India’s oldest and most respected industrial
conglomerates, with a rich legacy of over a century. Headquartered in Vadodara, Gujarat,
Alembic has made pioneering contributions across diverse sectors including pharmaceuticals,
healthcare, real estate, engineering, and glassware. Best known for Alembic Pharmaceuticals,
a leading name in the pharmaceutical industry, the Group has consistently built businesses on
the pillars of innovation, quality, and trust. With a deep commitment to excellence and a
forward-looking approach, Alembic Group continues to expand its footprint in both domestic
and international markets. Guided by strong values and visionary leadership, Alembic Group
remains dedicated to driving growth, improving lives, and building a sustainable future.

Company Overview

• Parent Company: Alembic Group

• Established: 2009

• Headquarters: Vadodara, Gujarat, India

• Employees: Approximately 155

• Homes Delivered: Over 1,800

• Total Built-up Area: More than 5 million sq. ft

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Key Projects

Bengaluru

• Alembic City: A visionary township project that integrates residential,

commercial, educational, and recreational spaces within a green environment. It
was recognized as the
"Residential Project – Township" at the 2024 Economic Times Real Estate Conclave & Awards.

• Tower A: An iconic commercial development within Alembic City, Bengaluru,

known for its sustainable and human-centric design. It received the "Iconic
Project – Commercial" award at the same event.

Vadodara

• Veda II: Currently the tallest building in Vadodara, this residential project
features a clubhouse on the 21st floor and adheres to stringent safety and
structural norms.

• Business Park East: An environmentally friendly commercial project within

Alembic City, Vadodara, promoting pedestrian-friendly lifestyles and advanced
energy-saving initiatives. It was honoured with the "Environmental Friendly
Commercial Project" award at the 2024 Economic Times Real Estate Conclave
& Awards.
 FIGURE NO. 1.1 COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Alembic Real Estate is the real estate arm of the 100+ year-old Alembic Group, delivering
premium residential and commercial spaces with a focus on quality, trust, and innovation.

Based in Vadodara, Alembic Real Estate is known for its thoughtful design, timely delivery,
and commitment to creating exceptional living and working environments.

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Driven by a legacy of excellence, every Alembic project blends modern architecture with
timeless values. With a customer-first approach and an eye for detail, Alembic Real Estate
continues to shape inspiring communities for generations to come.

1.1 Completed Projects

FIGURE NO.1.2 COMPLETED PROJECT DETAILS

 FIGURE NO. 1.3 MASTER PLAN

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 CHAPTER 2

ABOUT ORGANIZATION

2.0 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

FIGURE NO.2.1 DETAILS OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

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2.1 ORGANIZATION HIERARCHY

FIGURE NO. 2.2 ORGANIZATION HIERARCHY

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2.2 FUNCTION OF ORGANIZATION

FIGURE NO 2.3 FUNCTIONS OF ORGANIZATION

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H R DEPARTMENT
Human resource management (HRM) is the process of managing people within an organization.
In construction, HRM is primarily concerned with ensuring that a project has sufficient human
resources, with the correct skill-sets and experience, for the project to be successfully
completed.
HR managers have to be able to identify and document project roles and responsibilities, and
develop a plan describing the end-to-end processes that will be required on a project (or series
of projects) in order to determine its human resource requirements.

MANAGEMENT
Management is the coordination and administration of task to achieve a goal. Such
administration activities include setting organizations strategy and coordinating by efforts of
staff to accomplish these objectives through the application of available resources.
Management can also refer to the seniority structure of staff member within an organization.

FINANACE & ACCOUNTZXCVBN

Finance refers to the strategy planning, organizing, directing and controlling of financial
undertaking in an organization.

They take care of organizational cash inflow and outflow.

Accounting is one of the most important aspects of management and administration in business.
In firms with several moving parts, an accounting team that accurately tracks the movement of
assets into and out of the company is necessary. This ensures both transparency and
profitability. Accounts also maintains taxation requirements as per authorities in any of the
projects.

DESIGN
The design of a project starts with concepts, then the schematic details are worked out based
on authority and customer requirements. Further design development activity shall be taken up
based on the schematic plans and the detailed designs along with sections and elevations are
established, reviewed, revised and expanded to incorporate all details and specifications
required for construction. The output of this activity shall be the good for construction
drawings.

Design team also supports legal, liaison and marketing teams for their deliverables.

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Project components are looked at to the smallest detail. These include :

• Sustainability, workability and aesthetics keeping economy in mind.

• Interior and exterior building materials and finishes.
• Lightening and technology designs.
• Mechanical, electrical and plumbing system.

LEGAL AND LIASONING

Powerful legal department management approaches bolster shareholder value by developing a
proprietary set of actions that make the "whole" worth more than the sum of its parts. Corporate
legal department management is complex and includes the management of people (roles and
responsibilities, structure, incentive, and culture), workflow (processes, approaches, and
systems), information, knowledge, legal service providers, and other critical resources.
A liaison officer is a person who liaises between two organization to communicate and
coordinate their activities. Generally, liaison officer are used to achieve the best utilization of
resources or employment of one organization by another. Liaison officers often provide
technical or subject matter expertise of their parent organization. Usually an organization
embeds a liaison officer into another organization to provide face-to-face co-ordinate. Also it
take cares of legal and liaising issues arising if any, with Government authorities.

BUISNESS DEVELOPMENT
Construction business development managers identify the right opportunities and build long
term relations with right prospects. They are people to bring in new projects to the organization
through due diligence on viability of the project, type of business, financial returns calculations
etc.

SALES AND MARKETING

Marketing helps to funnel prospective customer into the sales platforms. Marketing teams are
the ones who creates the branding of the organization. They act as catalyst in the selling or the
leasing processes.

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Sales generates revenues for a company through selling of products. Although it is possible to
generate sales without clear marketing efforts, businesses won't see the same results as they do
with targeted marketing.
EXECUTION TEAM
A group with the purpose of applying processes to complete the work defined in our project
management plan. Executing is the coordination of all resources like, people, materials and
equipment and the necessary activities in accordance with the specified project management
plan. Their main motto is to realize the design drawings in to the actual structures in
coordination with all related functions like Design, Legal, liaison Marketing and Sales etc.

CUSTOMER CARE TEAM

Deliver excellent customer service, by responding to our customers' needs and requirements,
in a timely, courteous manner.

To resolve any issues to a high standard within set time scales.

To provide a friendly and efficient service, using our own fully trained multi skilled customer
care technicians and coordinators. Allocated coordinators and technicians are nominated to
every customer to ensure a consistent level of service.

FACILITY MANAGEMENT TEAM

Facility management involves the complete management of services that support a business to
do business in essence, this involve working out what a client (usually a business occupying an
office) needs from the building and facilities around them.
Building relationship and managing suppliers to ensure that those needs are met - everything
from mechanical and electrical engineers to catering, reception and security teams.
Coordinating all the services within a building including its construction, workspaces and
energy efficiency ensuring that those team deliver their objectives.
Facility management also maintains building and building related services intact throughout its
life cycle.

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 APPROVALS

SL NO APPROVING BODY ASPECT

1 AAI(AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA) NOC FOR HEIGHT CLEARANCE OF THE PROJECT

2 HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics NOC for height clearance of the project

Limited)

3 BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited) The proposed construction will not cause any physical obstructions
to 6 GHZ, 7 GHZ and 13 GHZ MW working/ planned by BSNL.

4 BDA (Bangalore Development Authority) Development plan approval

5 MOEF (Ministry of Environment and Forests) Regarding the environment clearance for the project

6 FIRE FORCE Firefighting approvals for the project

7 KSPCB (Karnataka State Pollution Control Environmental Aspects and Management during the course of
Board) Construction.

8 BWSSB (Bangalore Water Supply And NOC for providing Water supply and Underground drainage
Sewerage Board) facilities for the project.

9 BESCOM(Bangalore Electricity Supply NOC for providing electrical supply for the proposed project.
Company Limited)

10 BBMP (Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike) Floor Plans Sanction of the project.

11 Commencement Certificate NOC for start of project.

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 3.0 SAFETY:

3.1 Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): includes articles such as eye, face, head and extremity
protection; protective clothing; respiratory devices; protective shields; and barriers for
mechanical, chemical, or other workplace environmental hazards.

FIGURE NO. 3.1 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

Head Protection: Protective helmets (hard hats) must be worn by employees who work in areas
where there is a possibility of head injury from impact, falling or flying objects, or electricity.

FIGURE NO. 3.2 SAFETY HELMETS AND THEIR USES

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Hearing protection: Hearing protection must be worn when noise levels cannot be reduced by
engineering or other means.

Eye and face protection: Eye and face protection must be used to protect against physical, or
chemical agents. Protection must be reasonably comfortable, fit snugly, and not unduly
interfere with employee movement. Employees whose vision requires the use of spectacles,
shall be protected by goggles Use eye goggles/ protective cover on face while hacking, welding,
glass cutting, chipping or drilling operations.

Respiratory protection: Construction sites must have a written plan for procedures to select
and use respirators. Respirators must be regularly cleaned and disinfected, stored properly, and
inspected. Users must be properly trained in selection, use, and Maintenance of respirators.

Safety belts and lifelines: If safety belts, lifelines and lanyards have been used for in service
loading, they must immediately be removed for service in employee safeguarding. Ensure that
these personnel at all times are secured to the building.

FIGURE NO. 3.3 SAFETY EQUIPMENT’S

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Safety nets: Safety nets must be provided if workplaces are higher than 25 feet above The
surface and ladders, scaffolds or other safety equipment is impractical.

Workers over or near water: Life jackets or buoyant work vests must be provided to
Employees where the danger of drowning exists. These must be inspected for defects Before
and after each use.

 Workers below 18 years of age should not be allowed to work at site.

 When workers on the construction site are exposed to vertical drops of 6 feet or more,
provide fall protection in one of three ways before work begins:
 Placing guardrails around the hazard area.
 Deploying safety nets
 Providing personal fall arrest systems for each employee. The belts should be always
tied above the person.
 Openings in the slab should be barricaded/closed at all levels. For high rise building use
safety nets at appropriate locations. Clear the debris fallen on the net once in 2 days.
 Also, tighten the net, once in a fortnight.
 Do not allow work in vertical alignment at edges, stairwell, and lift well or other
openings in the slab without close supervision.
 Secure working platform planks with ropes to the scaffolding. The thickness of the
working platform if in wood, should not be less than 2". Check the planks for splits.
 Place scaffolding on firm even ground and check periodically (twice a week). Get the
scaffolding checked for potentially weaker zones and horizontal bracing. Supports
through toilet ventilators get inadvertently removed while tiling and do not get replaced.
 Dowel rods should not be left naked at the body level. It is good practice to cover them
with thick hessian cloth and POP or with PVC end plug caps.

TRENCHES

Trenches 5 feet deep or greater require a protective system. Trenches 20 feet deep or greater
require that a registered professional engineer design the protective system.

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Protective systems for trenches

Sloping: protects workers by cutting back the trench wall at an angle inclined away from the
excavation.

Shoring: protects workers by installing wooden, aluminium, hydraulic or other types of

supports to prevent soil movement.

Shielding: protects workers by using trench boxes or other types of supports to prevent soil
cave-ins.

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

• Inspect trenches at the start of each shift, following a rainstorm or after any other
hazardous event.

• Test for low oxygen, hazardous fumes and toxic gases before entering a trench.
• Keep heavy equipment and excavation spoils at least two feet away from the trench
edge.

• Provide stairways, ladders, ramps or other safe means of access in all trenches 4 feet or
deeper.

SAFETY TRAINING and EDUCATION:

• Conduct mock emergency drill once in a month to streamline the systems of fire
fighting, attending a minor injury, or taking a person with serious injury to the nearest
Hospital.

• Educate workers on safe work practices on a regular basis. Emergency escape

procedures, evaluation plans and emergency escape route shall be well-defined.

• Keep a uniform pace of work and train workers to be always on alert.

• Names of persons or departments who can be contacted in case of emergencies should
be displayed.

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 CHAPTER 4

ABOUT PROJECT

4.1 ALEMBIC CLOUD FOREST

PROJECT NAME ALEMBIC CLOUD-FOREST
PROJECT LOCATION WHITEFIELD,BANGALORE
CLIENT ALEMBIC REAL ESTATE
ARCHITECTURAL CONSULTANT

STRUCTURAL CONSULTANT

LANDSCAPE CONSULTANT

MEP SERVICES CONSULTANT

CIVIL AND FINISHES WOKS

CONTRACTOR

FIGURE NO. 4.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW

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4.2 PROJECT EXECUTION
SITE SELECTION: The goal of the site selection process is to evaluate potential sites for the
new building and find the best fit for the needs of your project.

For example, if you are building a residential tower for retirees, you will need to make
proximity to amenities - such as shopping, medical services, public transit, and so on — a major
priority. If you are working on a commercial project, then it may be easiest to focus your search
on local industrial parks. You will need to ensure that your potential site meets the zoning
requirements for your project. You should also consider access to basic utilities, such as water,
sewage, and power. And also consider nearby railway stations, metro stations, national
highways, and airports.

CLEARING OF GROUND:

• To begin actual construction, the clearing of ground from where the location of the project
will be built is the first thing to consider.

• The construction personnel task is to free for the construction site for any obstruction and
debris that may obstruct and delay the construction.

• The temporary facilities such as engineer's office, labours quarters, material storage room,
water and electrical supply.

• Other related facilities should also be constructed prior to the start of work.

• The site perimeter fence should also be constructed during this period.

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SURVEY: Surveying is defined as the science of making measurements of the earth
specifically the surface of the earth. This is being carried out by finding the spatial location
(relative / absolute) of points on or near the surface of the earth.

Different methods and instruments are being used to facilitate the work of surveying.

The primary aims of field surveying are:

• To measure the Horizontal Distance between points.

• To measure the Vertical elevation between points.

• To find out the Relative direction of lines by measuring horizontal angles with reference to
any arbitrary direction and
• To find out Absolute direction by measuring horizontal angles with reference to a fixed
direction.

• TOPOGRAPHY SURVEY
• FLY LEVELLING
• SETTING OUT AND MARKING
• BLOCK LEVELLING

FIGURE NO. 4.2 SURVEYING

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4.3 EXCAVATION:

• Locate the building limits with enough space for open cut excavation.

• Ensure clearances of all existing services within the building excavation Parameters.
• While carrying out open cut excavation to required depth, adequate side slope should be
maintained to avoid soil collapse.

• Install the dewatering system as per the approved method statement.

• All excavated materials are shifted to designated area.

• No soil should be stored at the ground level near to the cut of excavation to avoid over burden
pressure.

1. Purpose of Excavation

- To prepare the site for foundation work.

- To remove soil/rock to achieve the required depth and level.

- To ensure stability and load-bearing capacity for the structure.

2. Pre-Excavation Activities
- Site Survey & Soil Testing: Conduct geotechnical investigations to determine soil type,
bearing capacity, and water table level.

- Marking & Layout: Mark excavation boundaries as per architectural drawings.

- Obtaining Permits: Secure necessary approvals from local authorities (e.g., BBMP, BDA, or
municipal corporation).
- Utility Checks: Identify and relocate underground utilities (water pipes, cables, sewage lines).

3. Excavation Process

- Topsoil Removal: Strip and store fertile topsoil (if needed for landscaping later).
- Depth & Slope: Excavate as per design (shallow/deep foundation) with safe slope angles to
prevent collapses.

- Machinery Used:

- Mini Excavators – For small, precise digging.

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- Backhoes & JCBs – For medium-depth excavation.

- Bulldozers & Dumpers – For large-scale earth removal.

- Manual Labor: Used for tight spaces or detailed work near boundaries.

FIGURE NO. 4.3 ARIEL VIEW OF THE PROJECT

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 FIGURE NO. 4.4 ARIEL VIEW OF THE PROJECT

4. Safety Measures

- Shoring & Supports: Install retaining walls/sheet piles if soil is loose or near adjacent
structures.

- Dewatering: Pump out groundwater if the water table is high.

- Barricades & Signage: Secure the site to prevent accidents.

- PPE for Workers: Helmets, gloves, boots, and high-visibility jackets.

5. Post-Excavation Steps

- Inspection: Verify depth, dimensions, and soil stability.

- Waste Disposal: Transport excess soil to approved dumping sites.

- Foundation Preparation: Level and compact the base before pouring footing.

6. Compliance & Documentation

- Maintain logs of excavation depth, soil type, and inspections.

- Ensure adherence to IS 3764 (Safety Code for Excavation Work) and local regulations.

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 FIGURE NO 4.5 SAFE EXCAVATION AND SOIL DISPOSAL

• Depth of excavation for proposed building : 15 feet.

• Volume of excavation : 40500 cubic feet.

4.4 PCC
Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) is a fundamental construction material used in residential
buildings to create a stable and level base for structural elements. Composed of cement, sand,
coarse aggregates, and water, PCC is a non-reinforced concrete mix typically ranging from M5
to M15 grade in strength. In residential construction, PCC is primarily used as a base layer for
foundations, flooring, and pavements. Its primary purpose is to provide a uniform surface that
prevents direct contact between the soil and the reinforced concrete (RCC) structures, thereby
reducing the risk of corrosion and ensuring proper load distribution.

For foundations, a 75–100 mm thick PCC layer is laid over compacted soil before constructing
footings or raft foundations. This layer acts as a barrier against moisture and stabilizes the
ground, preventing uneven settlement. In flooring, PCC serves as a sub-base for tiles or other
finishing materials, offering a smooth and durable surface. The mix ratio for PCC varies based
on its application, with common ratios like 1:4:8 (M7.5) for foundations and 1:3:6 (M10) for

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flooring. Proper curing for at least 7 days is essential to achieve the desired strength and
durability.

PCC is cost-effective and easy to construct, making it a standard practice in residential projects.
However, it lacks tensile strength and cannot replace RCC in load-bearing structures. Its role
is complementary, ensuring longevity and stability for the building’s foundational and
nonstructural components. Proper execution of PCC work, including accurate mixing,
levelling, and curing, is critical to avoid future cracks or structural issues.

Materials Used

• Cement: Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC 43/53 grade).

• Aggregates:

o Coarse aggregate (10–20mm size, clean & hard).

• Sand: River sand or crushed stone sand (free from silt).

• Water: Clean, potable water (as per IS 456).

Standard Mix Ratio

Application Mix Ratio (Cement: Sand: Aggregate) Grade

PCC for Footing/Base 1:3:6 or 1:4:8 M5–M7.5

Waterproofing Layer 1:2:4 M10

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 FIGURE NO. 4.6 PCC WORK IN FOUNDATION AREA
Thickness

• 50–100mm (2–4 inches) for residential buildings.

• Thicker (100–150mm) if soil is soft or waterlogged.

Construction Steps

1. Excavation & Compaction o Level the

ground and remove loose soil. o Compact soil

using a rammer/roller.

2. Formwork Installation o Wooden/metal

shuttering to define PCC boundaries.

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 3. Mixing & Pouring o Mix manually or in a concrete

mixer. o Pour in layers and level using a

screed.

4. Curing o Keep moist for 7 days (covered with

wet gunny bags).

FIGURE NO 4.7 COMPLETION OF PCC WORK

4.5 RAFT FOUNDATION

• A raft foundation (or mat foundation) is a large, continuous slab that supports the
entire building, distributing the load evenly to the ground.

• Used in:

o Weak or uneven soil conditions.

o High-load structures (residential apartments, commercial buildings). o

Areas with high water tables or expansive soils.

• When to Use a Raft Foundation?

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 • ✔ Low soil bearing capacity (spread footings would require excessive depth).
✔ High structural loads (multi-story buildings).
✔ Prevent differential settlement (soft/clayey soils).
✔ Basement construction (acts as a water barrier).

FIGURE NO. 4.8 RAFT FOUNDATION PLAN

Types of Raft Foundations

Type Description

Flat Slab Raft Uniform thickness slab, simplest & cost-effective.

Thickened Slab Raft Extra reinforcement under load-bearing walls/columns.

Beam & Slab Raft Uses down stand beams for heavy loads.

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 Piled Raft Combines raft with deep piles for very weak soils.

Cellular Raft Hollow voids reduce weight while maintaining strength.

FIGURE NO 4.9 3D VIEW OF RESIDENTIAL TOWERS

4.6 Construction Steps

1. Site Preparation o Excavate to required depth (deeper than frost line in

cold climates).

o Level and compact the base.

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 2. Waterproofing & PCC (Plain Cement Concrete) o Lay a lean concrete

layer (75–100mm) for a smooth surface.

o Apply waterproofing membrane (if needed).

3. Reinforcement & Formwork

o Place steel mesh (as per design, typically IS 456 code).

o Install formwork for slab edges.
4. Concrete Pouring o Use M20–M25 grade concrete in a single pour to

avoid joints.

o Vibrate to remove air pockets.

5. Curing

o Keep the slab moist for 7–14 days to prevent cracks.

FIGURE NO 4.10 COMMENENCEMENT OF REINFIRCEMENT WORK

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Advantages

✔ Reduces differential settlement.

✔ Cost-effective for large footprints.

✔ Works well in seismic zones.

✔ Can integrate basement construction.

Disadvantages

✖ High material cost (concrete & steel).

✖ Not ideal for sloped sites (requires extensive earthwork).

✖ Complex design for heavy point loads.

FIGURE NO 4.11 REINFORCEMENT WORK IN FOUNDATION

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 FIGURE NO.4.12 TYPICAL FLOOR LAYOUTS

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4.7 FOUNDATION DETAILS
The foundation is the most critical part of a residential building, transferring the load of
the structure (walls, columns, slabs) safely to the ground. A well-designed foundation
ensures stability, prevents settlement, and resists natural forces like earthquakes and soil
movement.

Purpose of a Foundation

• Distributes building load evenly to the ground.

• Prevents uneven settlement (differential settlement).

• Resists uplift forces (wind, seismic activity).

• Provides a level base for construction.

• Acts as a barrier against moisture (prevents dampness).

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 FIGURE NO. 4.13 REINFORCEMENT WORK IN FOUNDATION
Construction Steps for a Typical Residential Foundation

(A) Site Preparation

• Clear vegetation, level the ground.

• Conduct soil testing (SPT, bearing capacity test).

(B) Excavation & PCC Layer

• Dig trenches as per design.

• Lay PCC (Plain Cement Concrete, 1:4:8 mix, 75–100mm thick) for a stable base.

(C) Reinforcement & Formwork

• Place steel bars (as per structural design).

• Install shuttering (wooden/metal Molds) for concrete pouring.

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 (D) Concrete Pouring & Curing

• Use M20–M25 grade concrete for footings.

• Cure for 7–14 days (kept moist for strength).

`
FIGURE NO 4.14 COLUMN DETAILED DRAWING

4.8 COLUMN DETAILS

• The columns in Tower B are reinforced using high-yield deformed bars (HYSD), mainly of
10 mm, 12 mm, and 16 mm diameters.

• I observed that the ver cal reinforcement is typically spaced at 150 mm center-to-center
(c/c), noted as Y10@150c/c, Y12@150c/c, and Y16@150c/c in the drawings.

• Bars marked as “THROUGH” are con nuous throughout the full height of the column,
ensuring structural con nuity.

• Some columns have bars labeled “UNLAPPED,” meaning full-length bars are used without
splicing.
• In certain loca ons, especially near li sha s and staircases, 16 mm bars are used to
handle higher loads.

• “EX” is used to denote extra reinforcement provided in specific columns for addi onal
strength.

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 • The columns are integrated with structural walls (e.g., WALL-1 to WALL-55), forming a
wall-column system for stability.
• Reinforcement details are clearly shown in the sec on views (Sec ons A-A to E-E).

FIGURE NO 4.15 SHUTTERING WORK

FOUNDATION DETAILS

The footings are reinforced with both top and bottom layers of steel bars in both directions
(longitudinal and transverse).

The typical reinforcement used is Y12@150c/c or Y16@150c/c, meaning 12 mm or 16 mm

diameter bars spaced at 150 mm center-to-center.

In many footings, Y16 bars are used at the bottom for higher load resistance, especially under
main columns and shear walls.

The reinforcement layout shows a grid pattern, providing uniform distribution of loads from
the columns to the base.

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Extra bars (marked as “EX”) are often placed below heavily loaded points, like lift cores and
staircases, for additional strength.

Cover blocks and spacing are maintained as per standard practice, ensuring protection of steel
from corrosion and proper load transfer.

Footing sizes vary depending on the load from the column above, and some are combined or
raft-type to support multiple columns or walls.

Lap lengths and anchorage details are shown to ensure proper force transfer between bars.

4.9 FORMWORK
Steel formwork is a robust and durable system widely used in residential building construction,
particularly for foundations, walls, columns, and slabs. It consists of prefabricated steel panels,
often coated with anti-rust treatments, which are assembled on-site to create precise molds for
concrete pouring. Unlike traditional timber formwork, steel formwork offers superior strength,
allowing it to withstand the high pressure exerted by wet concrete, especially in thick raft
foundations or high-load structures. Its smooth surface ensures a high-quality concrete finish,
reducing the need for additional plastering. Steel formwork is highly reusable, capable of being
employed over 100 times with proper maintenance, making it cost-effective for large-scale or
repetitive projects like multi-story residential buildings. Additionally, steel formwork provides
excellent dimensional accuracy, ensuring uniformity in concrete elements, which is critical for
structural integrity. While the initial investment is higher than plywood or timber, its long-term
benefits—including reduced labor costs, minimal wastage, and faster construction cycles—
make it a preferred choice for modern residential projects. For optimal performance, it is
essential to use release agents to prevent concrete adhesion and to inspect the formwork
regularly for wear and tear. Overall, steel formwork combines durability, precision, and
efficiency, making it ideal for constructing high-quality residential buildings. Formwork
(shuttering) is a temporary mold used to hold wet concrete in place until it hardens. For raft
foundations, proper formwork ensures dimensional accuracy, structural integrity, and safety.

Purpose of Formwork in Raft Foundation

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Defines the shape and thickness of the raft slab.
Prevents leakage of concrete (slurry loss).
Supports wet concrete weight until curing.
Ensures smooth concrete finish.

Formwork Design Considerations

• Thickness of Raft Slab (Typically 200–400mm for residential buildings).

• Concrete Pressure (Higher for thicker slabs → stronger supports needed).

• Joint Sealing (Prevents slurry leakage at corners).

• Ease of Removal (Stripping time after concrete sets).

Preparation

• Level the PCC base (ensures formwork alignment).

• Mark raft boundaries as per drawings.

Erection of Vertical Supports

• Use steel props/jacks at 1m intervals to hold side shutters.

• For deep rafts (>500mm), add cross-bracing to resist concrete pressure.

Fixing Side Shutters

• Plywood sheets nailed to wooden/steel frames.

• Corner joints sealed with silicone or foam tape.

• Oil/chemical release agent applied for easy stripping.

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 FIGURE NO 4.16 FORMWORK FOR FOUNDATION

MIVAN STRUCTURE

The Mivan structure is an advanced aluminium formwork system widely used in modern
residential construction for its speed, precision, and cost-efficiency. Unlike traditional
construction methods, Mivan employs lightweight, prefabricated aluminium panels that are
assembled on-site to create monolithic concrete structures, including walls, slabs, columns, and
stairs, in a single continuous pour. This system ensures high-quality finishes with minimal
plastering, reducing labour and material costs. Its modular design allows for rapid assembly
and dismantling, enabling fast construction cycles (12-15 days per floor), making it ideal for
mass housing projects and high-rise apartments. The aluminium formwork is durable (300+
reuses), eco-friendly, and ensures uniformity in dimensions, enhancing structural stability.

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While the initial investment is higher than conventional shuttering, Mivan significantly cuts
long-term costs by reducing construction time, minimizing waste, and improving quality. It is
particularly suited for repetitive floor layouts in residential buildings, offering earthquake
resistance due to its monolithic design. However, it requires skilled labor and meticulous
planning for optimal results. Overall, Mivan technology revolutionizes residential construction
by delivering faster, stronger, and more sustainable buildings.

Mivan is an aluminium formwork system developed for fast, high-quality, and cost-effective
construction of residential buildings. It uses pre-engineered, lightweight aluminum panels to
cast monolithic (single-piece) concrete structures, including walls, slabs, beams, columns, and
stairs in a single pour.

Modular & Reusable – Aluminium formwork can be reused 300+ times.

Fast Construction – Enables 3-4 days per floor cycle (vs. 15-20 days conventionally).

High Precision – Produces smooth, plaster-free finishes (reduces post-construction work).

Monolithic Design – Enhances earthquake resistance due to uniform load distribution.

Eco-Friendly – Minimizes construction waste and reduces cement/sand usage.

Components of Mivan Formwork

Component Purpose

Wall Panels Forms vertical RCC walls with door/window openings.

Deck Panels Supports slab concreting.

Beam Components Forms horizontal beams.

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Staircase Modules Prefabricated stair molds.

Support Props Adjustable steel props to hold formwork during pouring.

Step-by-Step Construction Process

(A) Design & Planning

• Structural engineers design Mivan-compatible layouts (minimal variations in floor

plans).

• Formwork panels are pre-fabricated as per drawings.

(B) Foundation Work

• Conventional raft/strip footing is constructed.

• First-floor walls are marked for Mivan alignment.

(C) Formwork Assembly

1. Wall Panels – Erected and clamped together.

2. Slab Decking – Supported by steel props.

3. Reinforcement – Rebars are placed as per design.

4. Concrete Pouring – Done in one continuous operation (walls + slab together).

(D) Stripping & Reuse

• Formwork is removed after 24 hours (once concrete gains sufficient strength).

• Panels are cleaned, oiled, and reused for the next floor.

Advantages of Mivan for Residential Buildings

Speed – 30+ floors can be completed in 12-18 months (vs. 3+ years conventionally).
Cost Savings – Reduces labor, material, and time overheads.

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Quality – No plastering needed; walls are straight and crack-resistant.
Durability – Monolithic concrete improves seismic resistance.

Limitations & Challenges

✖ High Initial Cost – Aluminium formwork is expensive for small projects.

✖ Design Rigidity – Requires uniform floor plans (not ideal for custom designs).

✖ Skilled Labor Needed – Workers must be trained in Mivan assembly.

FIGURE NO 4.17 CONCRETING WORK

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 CONCLUSION

1. Excavation
- Proper excavation was carried out to the required depth and dimensions as per design
specifications. (Depth:15ft, Volume:40500 cubic feet)
- Soil inspection and compaction were ensured to provide a stable base for the foundation.
2. PCC (Plain Cement Concrete)
- A well-proportioned PCC layer was laid to create a level and strong base for the raft
foundation.(100mm thickness, Grade:M10)
- Proper curing was done to prevent cracks and ensure durability.
3. Raft Foundation
- The raft foundation was constructed as per structural drawings, providing uniform load
distribution.
- Reinforcement placement, shuttering, and concrete pouring were executed with quality checks.
4. Concreting
- Concrete mixing, pouring, and vibration were done to achieve the desired strength and
workability.
- Proper slump tests and cube tests were conducted to ensure compliance with design standards.
5. Curing
- Adequate curing (water curing/membrane curing) was performed for 7–14 days to prevent
moisture loss and enhance concrete strength.
- Regular monitoring ensured no cracks or defects developed during the curing period.
6. Quality & Compliance
- All materials used were tested and approved as per IS codes.
- Workmanship and safety standards were maintained throughout the construction process.
7. Completion
- The foundation work was completed successfully, providing a solid base for the superstructure.
- The next phase (column construction, slab, etc.) can proceed with confidence in the foundation's
stability.

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 THANK YOU

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