EE703PC: SIMULATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS LAB
ZVS/ZCS configurations
AIM: To simulate and analyze Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) and Zero Current Switching
(ZCS) configurations in MATLAB/Simulink for a DC-DC converter, and evaluate their
performance.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB/Simulink Software
THEORY:
ZERO CURRENT SWITCHING (ZCS):
In a ZC resonant switch, an inductor Lr is connected in series with a power switch S in order to
achieve zero current-switching (ZCS). The resonant switch is said to operate in half-wave mode,
when the switch is allowed to resonate in the positive half cycle only. If a diode is connected in
anti-parallel with the unidirectional switch, the switch current can flow in both directions. In this
case, the resonant switch can operate in full-wave mode. At turn-on, the switch current will rise
slowly from zero. It will then oscillate, because of the resonance between Lr an d Cr. Finally, the
switch can be commutated at the next zero current duration. The objective of this type of switch
is to shape the switch current waveform during conduction time in order to create a zero current
condition for the switch to turn off. Thus, the switches of ZCS resonant converters turn ON and
OFF at zero current. The resonant circuit that consists of switch S, inductor Lr, and capacitor Cr.
The operation of Mode 2 is with switch (S) in OFF state. The diode (D) acts as a freewheeling
diode and conducts due to the energy stored in the inductor in ON state, and inductor current
continuous to flow through L, C, load and diode D as shown in the Fig.
Fig2. ZCS based Buck Converter Circuit
The inductor current falls until switch is on again in the next cycle. Operation of ZCS based Buck
Converter Fig. shows the circuit diagram of ZCS based Buck Converter.
BHOJ REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
EE703PC: SIMULATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS LAB
The circuit consists of MOSFET switch S, inductor Lr, and capacitance Cr. Inductor Lr is
connected in series with the power switch S and Capacitor Cr is connected in parallel with diode
D to achieve Zero Current Switching. The inductor Lr limits the di/dt of switch current and Lr and
Cr constitute a series resonance circuit. Initially both, the capacitor voltage across Cr and inductor
current through Lr are assumed to be zero and the load current I0 freewheels through diode D.
SIMULATION DIAGRAM:
• ZCS based Buck Converter:
INPUT WAVEFORM:
Fig. (a) : Input waveform of ZCS based Buck Converter
BHOJ REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
EE703PC: SIMULATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS LAB
OUTPUT WAVEFORM:
Fig. (b) : Output waveform of ZCS based Buck Converter
THEORY:
ZERO VOLTAGE SWITCHING (ZVS):
ZVS buck converters often operate in DCM, where the inductor current goes to zero before the
next switching period. The resonant tank (LC circuit) plays a crucial role in ZVS operation. During
the resonant period, the resonant tank discharges the output capacitance of the MOSFETs, allowing
for zero voltage switching. The MOSFETs can be turned on at zero voltage, minimizing switching
losses. Similarly, the resonant tank can be used to achieve zero voltage switching at turn-off by
ensuring the voltage across the switch is zero before it's turned off.
Fig3. ZVS based Buck Converter Circuit
BHOJ REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
EE703PC: SIMULATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS LAB
The switches of a ZVS resonant converter turn on and off at zero voltage. The capacitor C is
connected in parallel with the switch S to achieve ZVS. The internal switch capacitance C, is
added with the capacitor C, and it affects the resonant frequency only, thereby contributing no
power dissipation in the switch. If the switch is implemented with a transistor Q and an
antiparallel diode D1, the voltage across C is clamped by D and the switch is operated in a half-
wave configuration. If the diode D is connected in series with Q1, the voltage across C can
oscillate freely, and the switch is operated in a full-wave configuration. A ZVS resonant converter.
A ZVS resonant converter is the dual of the ZCS resonant converter. Equations for the M-type
ZCS resonant converter can be applied if i_{L} is replaced by v_{c} and vice versa, L by C and
vice versa, and V_{s} by I_{o} and vice versa.
SIMULATION DIAGRAM :
• ZVS based Buck Converter:
BHOJ REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
EE703PC: SIMULATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS LAB
INPUT WAVEFORM:
Fig. (c) :Input voltage waveform of ZVS based Buck Converter
OUTPUT WAVEFORM:
Fig. (d) :Output voltage and current waveform of ZVS based Buck Converter
BHOJ REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
EE703PC: SIMULATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS LAB
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit components as shown in the Simulink model.
2. Apply the input DC supply and give appropriate gate pulses to the switches using pulse
generators.
3. Run the simulation and observe the output voltage waveform across the load using the
display and scope blocks.
4. Note the timing of the gate pulses and their effect on output waveform (ZVS/ZCS
conditions).
5. Record the output voltage and current waveforms from the scope.
6. Sketch or save the waveforms for analysis and comparison.
RESULT:
The simulation of ZVS/ZCS configurations was successfully performed in
MATLAB/Simulink to analyze soft-switching techniques in power electronic converters.
BHOJ REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT