MODULE IN

ID 1-INDUSTRIAL
DRAWING (with CAD 2D)

MURATA, MAE JOU VENDEZ M.

Drawing And Drafting Technology
College Of Industrial Technology
Iloilo Science And Technology University
Miagao Campus
Miagao, Iloilo,2020
 VP FOR ACADEMIC
Republic of the Philippines Department
AFFAIRS
ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
Document Code QP-VPAA-13
Miagao Campus
Revision No. 05
Miagao, Iloilo
Effective Date December 4, 2019

Outcome - Based Course Module

ID 1 - INDUSTRIAL DRAWING 1 (CAD 2D)
Module 5 of 5

MODULE 5: GEOMETRICAL FIGURES AND CONSTRUCTIONS

Introduction:
This unit presents information on some of the technical terms used in
geometrical constructions to provide a better understanding and grasp of mechanical
drawing. Manipulation and use of the drawing instruments are also involved in the
development of curvilinear figures.

Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course modules, the students are expected to:
1. Discussed the different geometric figures.
2. Illustrated the different geometric figures.
3. Observed the proper procedure in construction of geometrical figures.

LESSON TITLE: GEOMETRICAL FIGURES AND CONSTRUCTIONS

Estimated Time: 4 hours (1 week)

LESSON OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this lesson, the student is expected to:
1. Identified the different geometric figures.
2. Exemplified the different geometric figures.
3. Demonstrated the proper procedure in construction of geometrical figures.

LESSON CONTENTS:
Introduction:

The more significant part of the training of the student’s centers on the working
out of exercise to further development their creativity in working out designs. In the
architecture and industries, art and design based on the circles and its parts. Combining
it with polygons will make another object like as a foundation of other ornamentations.
Skills in geometrical constructions have so many applications especially in working
drawings, which every drafter, art enthusiast, and principles to the solution of these
problems.

Teaching Delivery
Activate:
Find an object around you, then examine the object's shape, size, plane, and surface.

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Acquire:
LESSON 1: POINTS AND LINES

DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. POINT. According to Spencer, “A point represents a location in space or on a drawing.
It has no width, height or depth.” Figure 5-1 represents a point ma be described
with two interesting lines (a) short bar in a line, (b) by a small cross line or a dot.

(a) (b)

Figure 5-1

2. LINE. A line is apth of a moving point. A range has only one dimension - the length. if
the line has no precise length, it is an indefinite line bar in Figure 5-2 (b).

(a) curve line (a)

(b) mixed line (b)

Figure 5-2 Figure 5-3

(a) (b) perpendicular lines

parallel lines

Figure 5-4

KINDS OF LINES

Straight lines. The shortest distance between two points. It is a line no part of which is
curve.

Curve lines. A line which no part is straight Figure 5-3 (a). This line constantly changes its
direction. A curve line, or a broken line may enclose a portion of a plane, but a straight
line cannot.

Mixed lines. It is a line which composed of a broken lines and curve lines. Figure 5-3 (b)

A. Parallel lines. These lines are straight, or curve lines may be parallel if the distance
between them remains constant. Figure 5-4 (a)

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ID 1-INDUSTRIAL DRAWING 1 (CAD 2D) Module 5 of 5
B. Perpendicular lines. These lines make right angle with one another. To indicate the
perpendicularity of lines in sketching they may be marked with box. Perpendicular lines
forms 90 degrees. Figure 5-4 (b)

3. ANGLE. An angle is figured formed by two interesting lines. The point o intersection is
called the vertex if the angle is called the sides of the angles.

Angle

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 KINDS OF ANGLES

Right angle. A kind of angle where one of the angles is

formed by a line meeting another line to create two equal
angles. Each angle is equivalent to 90º.

Straight angle. It is an angle formed by two lines extending

in the opposite direction from the vertex to form a straight
line. A straight line is equal to 180º.

Acute angle. It is an angle which is less than 90º.

Obtuse angle. A kind of angle that is greater than 90° but

smaller than a straight angle.

Reflex Angle. Suppose its measure is more 180°, but less

than 360°.

Supplementary angle. These are angles whose sum is equal

to 180°.

Complementary angle. Two angles, when combined the

sum, is equal to 90°.

*Oblique angle. It is an angle that is neither a right angle nor a straight

angle. All acute and obtuse angles are oblique angles.
1. TRIANGLE. Triangle is a closed plane figure bounded by three straight
lines, not in the same direction. The sum of the interior angle is 180 degrees.
These three lines are the sides of the triangle. The vertex of the triangle is the
vertex of the angle which formed the legs.

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ID 1-INDUSTRIAL DRAWING 1 (CAD 2D) Module 5 of 5
 Kinds of Triangles by Sides

A. The equilateral triangle is a triangle with

three equal sides.

B. An isosceles triangle is a triangle with two

sides equal and two angles similar. The two
equal sides are the legs, and the third is the
base.
C. A scalene triangle has neither side nor angle is
equal.

Triangles by Angles

Right Triangle Obtuse Triangle Acute Triangle

1. QUADRILATERAL. The quadrilateral is polygon bounded by four sides. If

the opposite sides are parallel and equal, it is called a parallelogram.
2.
Types of Quadrilateral
Trapezoid – is a quadrilateral with only one
pair of sides parallel. The legs of a trapezoid
One pair
are the non-parallel sides.

Trapezium – is a quadrilateral with no

sides parallel. No sides

parallel

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ID 1-INDUSTRIAL DRAWING 1 (CAD 2D) Module 5 of 5
 Parallelogram – is a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel.
Types Drawing
Square is a parallelogram with both pairs of
opposite sides parallel. 4 equal sides

4 right angles

A rectangle is a parallelogram having four

sides equal and four right angles. Opposite sides equal

4 right angles

Rhombus is a parallelogram having four Equal sides

sides equal but no right angle.
No right angle

The rhomboid is a parallelogram with Opposite sides

opposite sides parallel but with no right No right angle
angle.

5. POLYGON. A closed plane figure bounded by straight lines. If the polygon's

sides and angles are equal, they are called regular polygons, and they can
be inscribed in or circumscribed around the circle. A polygon inscribed in
a circle is a polygon whose vertices lie on the circle. A polygon
circumscribed around a circle is a polygon all of whose sides are tangent
to the circle.
Polygon Drawing
Pentagon – a polygon of 5 sides
Hexagon – a polygon of 6 sides
Heptagon – a polygon of 7 sides
Octagon – a polygon of 8 sides
Nonagon – a polygon of 9 sides
Decagon – a polygon of 10 sides
Hendecagon – a polygon of 11 sides

Dodecagon – a polygon of 12 sides

5. CIRCLE. A closed plane curve containing all points of which have the same
distance from a fixed point within called center.

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ID 1-INDUSTRIAL DRAWING 1 (CAD 2D) Module 5 of 5
 6. Parts of a Circle Drawings
a. The circumference is the
distance around the circle.
b. Arc is any part of the circle
between two of its points.
c. Radius is a straight line drawn from
the center to any point on a
circle.
d. Diameter is a straight line
drawn through the center of a
circle.
e. Secant is a chord extended so
that it intersects the circle. It is the
infinite line extension of a chord.
f. A central angle is an angle whose
vertex is at the center of the circle
and whose sides are the radii.
g. Tangent is a straight line
having one point in common with
the circle.
h. Semi-circle an arc equal to one-
half of the circle. It contains
180 degrees.
i. Quadrant is an arc of 90 degrees. It is
equal to one-fourth of the
circle.
j. The segment is a part of a figure cut
off by a line or plane
intersecting it, in particular.
k. A chord is a straight line segment
whose endpoints both lie
on the circle.
l. The sector is a "pie-slice" part of a
circle - the area between two
radiuses and the connecting arc of a
circle.

Circles, according to center points, is shown in Figure 1-5(a) and (b).

(a) (b)

Concentric circles Eccentric circles

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 7. SOLID. Solid is a geometric figure having three dimensions. It is bounded
by plane surfaces, while some bounded with curved surfaces. If plane
surfaces bound it, it is called a polyhedron.

KINDS OF SOLIDS
Solids Drawings
1. Prism – it has two bases, which are
parallel polygons and three or more
lateral surfaces, which are
parallelograms.

2. Pyramid – has a polygon for its base,

and the triangular lateral surfaces are
intersecting at a common point called
the vertex.

3. Cylinder – a solid generated by a

straight line called the generatrix
moving in contact with a curved line and
always remain parallel to its previous
position to the axis.

4. Cone is a solid generated by a straight

line moving in contact with a curved line
and passing through a fixed point – the
cone's vertex.

5. Sphere – a solid generated by a circle

revolving about one of its diameters.

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 6. Torus is a solid generated by a circle (or
other curve revolving about an axis that
is eccentric to the curve).

Four sections of the cone as produce by planes intersecting a right circular cone
are:

Sections Drawings
Circle

The plane cuts the cone

perpendicular to the axis.

Ellipse

The plane cuts cone oblique to the

axis gut making a greater angle.

Parabola

The plane cuts cone obliquely to the

axis and making the same angle with
the axis.

Hyperbola

The plane cuts cone, making a

smaller angle with the axis.

Apply:
Perform the following problems. Refer to the table for the grading of the
output (Plate).
Tools and Materials: * Criteria for Grading the
Drawing Plates
1. Pencil
2. Drawing paper Accuracy 30%

3. Foot rule/ruler Dimensioning 20%

4. Masking tape/drafting tape
Line Uniformity 20%
5. T-square
6. Triangles 30⁰x60⁰x90⁰ and 45⁰x45⁰x90⁰ Lettering 15%

Neatness 15%
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ID 1-INDUSTRIAL DRAWING 1 (CAD 2D) Module 5 of 5 Total 100%
 7. Eraser
8. Dividers
9. Compasses

Steps:
1. Secure a paper and place it on the top of the drawing table using a
drafting tape.
2. Divide the paper into six (6) equal parts.
3. Draw problems in the top frames, and below are the steps.
4. Follow the given measurements and sizes of letters.
5. Observe proper body mechanics in doing the job. Also, observe the given
criteria above.
6. Submit your plate as soon as you finish.
7. Write at the back of your plates the following information.

COURSE MODULE: ID 1-INDUSTRIAL DRAWING 1(CAD 2D)

My Module Plate Number:
LAST NAME GIVEN NAME MIDDLE
NAME
ADDRESS:
CONTACT NUMBER:
COURSE & SECTION:
CAMPUS:
ID NUMBER:

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ID 1-INDUSTRIAL DRAWING 1 (CAD 2D) Module 5 of 5
LECTURE ASSESSMENT:
Instruction: Put your answer in a separate sheet of paper (letter size). Follow the
proceeding format in your answer sheet. Affix your signature at the bottom.

COURSE MODULE: ID 1 - INDUSTRIAL DRAWING 1 (CAD 2D)

Module Number: 1

Module Name: INTRODUCTION OF DRAWING

Date Assessment Taken:

LAST NAME GIVEN NAME MIDDLE NAME

ADDRESS:

CONTACT NUMBER:

COURSE & SECTION:

CAMPUS:

ID NUMBER:

INSTRUCTOR:

Answers:

1.
2…

Assessment starts here:

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each statement carefully and choose the best answer.

1. The venue for drawing is called .

A. point C. space
B. line D. surface
2. What do you call the point of intersection of the two lines?
A. pivot point C. vertex
B. sides of the angle D. crossing
3. A polygon of seven sides is called .
A. hexagon C. pentagon

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ID 1-INDUSTRIAL DRAWING 1 (CAD 2D) Module 5 of 5
 B. octagon D. heptagon
4. A path of a moving point, according to Spencer, is called .
A. angle C. quadrilateral
B. line D. circle
5. A closed plane figure bounded by three straight lines, not in the same
direction, and the interior angle is 180 degrees is called_____.
A. angle C. line
B. triangle D. point
6. What figure is formed by two intersecting lines?
A. triangle C. point
B. angle D. polygon
7. A closed plane figure bounded by straight lines is known as .
A. polygon C. quadrilateral
B. parallelogram D. solid

8. A geometric figured having three dimensions is called _ _ _ _ _ .

A. prism C. cylinder
B. pyramid D. solid
9. What do you call a parallelogram with four equal sides and four right
angles?
A. rectangle C. rhombus
B. square D. rhomboid
10. When a solid generated by a circle or another curve revolving
about an axis which is eccentric to the curve is called .
A. cone C. sphere
B. torus D. cylinder
11. A solid generated by a straight line called the generatrix moving in
contact with a curve line and always remaining parallel to its
previous position to the axis is known as .
A. cylinder C. sphere
B. torus D. cone
12. One of the solids which is generated by a circle revolving about of
its diameters is called .
A. pyramid C. sphere
B. prism D. torus
13. When a solid has two bases, and parallel polygons or there three
or more lateral surfaces which are parallelograms is called___.
A. prism C. pyramid
B. cylinder D. cone
14. What closed plane curve contains all points of which have the
same distance from a fixed point within called center?
A. polygon C. circle
B. quadrilateral D. parallelogram

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 15. An angle whose vertex is at the center of the circle and whose
sides are the radii is known as .
A. radius C. semi-circle
B. sector D. central angle
16. A type of circle having one center in common is known as _____.
A. eccentric C. dimetric
B. isometric D. concentric
17. It is a straight line having one point in common with the circle.
A. tangent C. radii
B. secant D. chord
18. What do you call the distance around the circle?
A. arc C. circumference
B. semi-circle D. central angle

19. Any part of the circle between two of its points is known as____.
A. arc C. circumference
B. semi-circle D. central angle
20. A straight line drawn from the center to any point on a
circle is called .
A. arc C. circumference
B. semi-circle D. radius
21. A polygon of 9 sides is known as .
A. octagon C. pentagon
B. nonagon D. dodecagon
22. A plane cuts cone obliquely to the axis and making the same
angle with the axis is known as .
A. parabola C. circle
B. ellipse D. hyperbola
23. A plane cuts cone, making a smaller angle with the axis is
called as .
A. parabola C. circle
B. ellipse D. hyperbola
24. A kind of angle where one of the angles formed by a line meeting
another line so line as to form two equal angles. Each angle is
equal to 90 degrees.
A. acute C. straight
B. obtuse D. right
25. A parallelogram with both pairs of opposite sides parallel.
A. square C. rhombus
B. rectangle D. rhomboid

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ID 1-INDUSTRIAL DRAWING 1 (CAD 2D) Module 5 of 5
LABORATORY ASSESSMENT: You will be assessed based on the criteria above. Kindly
dedicate your time and effort in creating the drawing plates.
Project Plate:
Plate No. 4
Title: Basic Geometrical Construction Problems (Bisect)

Expected Output in Module 5

REFERENCES:

Books:
• Sira, Karlo S. (2019). Workbook In Technical Drawing 1, Iloilo Science and
Technology University

• Acana, N. L. (2005). Technical Drawing Handbook. Western Visayas

College of Science and Technology, La Paz, Iloilo City.
• Gellekanao, T. P. (1975). Handbook in Technical Drawing Part 1. Western
Visayas College of Science and Technology, La Paz, Iloilo City.

Prepared by:

MAE JOU VENDEZ M. MURATA

Instructor I

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