SLIIT CITY UNI
FCIT – Semester 1
PROGRAM DESIGN
Charunika Dampalessa
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Learning Outcomes
End of this lecture you will be able to learn ,
LO1 : Discuss the stages in the programming process.
LO2 : Discuss the methods of Program Design.
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What is a Computer Program?
• Computers, although quite sophisticated electronically, are, nevertheless,
unintelligent.
• In order for them to carry out a task, they must be instructed how to complete the
task.
• Instructions must be given in a language that the computer understands.
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What is a Computer Program?
•Computer Program is a series of instructions to carry out a particular task written in
a language that the computer understands.
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What does a Programmer do?
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Steps in Program Development
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Step 1 : Step 2 : Step 3 : Step 4 : Test Step 5 : Step 6 : Run Step 7 :
Define the Outline the Develop the the Code the the program Document
problem solution outline into algorithm algorithm on the and maintain
an algorithm for into a specific computer the program
correctness programming
language
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Step One : Define the problem
• the problem until you understand completely what is required.
• The problem should be divided into three separate components:
The inputs
The outputs
The processing steps to produce the required outputs.
•A is recommended in this analysis phase, as it helps to separate and
define the three components.
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Step Two : Outline Solution( Design/Plan Solution )
•Once the problem has been defined, you may decide to break it down into smaller tasks or steps, and
establish a solution outline.
•This initial outline is usually a rough draft of the solution and may include:
•The solution outline may also include a .
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Step Three : Develop the outline into an
algorithm
• The solution outline is then expanded into an algorithm:
• A set of precise steps that describe exactly the tasks to be performed and the
order in which they are to be carried out.
(a form of structured English) is one method of
representing the solution algorithm.
is more pictorial method of algorithm representation.
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Flow Chart and Pseudocode Example:
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Step Four : Test Algorithm for correctness
• The main purpose of desk checking
Test data needs to be walked through each step in the algorithm to check that
the instructions described in the algorithm will actually do what they are
supposed to.
• The programmer ‘walks’ through the logic of the algorithm, exactly as a
computer would, keeping track of all major variables on a sheet of paper.
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Step Five : Code the algorithm into a specific
programming language
• Express the algorithms (flowcharts/ pseudo codes) in .
• Software Engineer is responsible for this.
• The source codes and comments can be considered as the documentation
generated at this stage.
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Step Six : Run the program on the computer
• This step uses a program compiler and programmer-designed test data to machine test
the code for syntax errors and logical error.
• This is usually the in the program development process.
• This step may need to be performed several times until you are satisfied that the
program is running as required.
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Step Seven : Document and maintain the program
• Includes both (such as hierarchy charts, the solution algorithm and
test data results) and that may have been coded in the program.
•Program maintenance refers to changes that may need to be made to a program
throughout its life.
•If the program has been well designed using structured programming techniques, the
code will be seen as self documenting, resulting in easier maintenance.
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What is an algorithm ?
• A set of
• Developed to describe the processes necessary to produce the desired output from
a given input.
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What is a pseudo code?
•Pseudocode is structured English.
Statements are written in simple English.
Each instruction is written on a separate line.
Keywords and indentation are used to signify particular control structures.
Each set of instructions is written from top to bottom, with only one entry and one
exit.
Groups of statements may be formed into modules, and that module given a name.
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Summary
•What is a Computer Program?
•What does a Programmer do?
•The Programming Process
•What is an algorithm ?
•What is pseudo code?
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Thank you!
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