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Capestone Math

The document outlines a structured study plan for preparing for the IBA MBA admission exam on July 17, 2026, detailing the analysis of past questions and their frequency. It includes a breakdown of the top 150 most-likely questions, categorized by chapter, along with solutions and traps to avoid. The plan emphasizes mastering key chapters and practicing with mock tests to improve performance.

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adullah khan

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

3 views114 pages

Capestone Math

Uploaded by

adullah khan

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

What’s inside

Part Contents Qs

A · The Analysis What we analysed across the IBA question universe, and the chapter priority for 17 July —

B · Top 150 Solved The most-likely questions — real IBA-set exams, by chapter, full English solutions + traps 150

C · Extra Practice Tier-1 Speed Pack (60, top chapters) + Insurance Annex (20, rare chapters), fully solved 80

D · Timed Mock Tests 3 papers × 50 questions (exam format) + answer keys with short solutions 150

Total All fresh / non-overlapping · answers re-verified (14 source keys corrected) 380

How to use it — the last ≈ 9 days

Days 1–5 learn: Work the 150 (Part B) chapter by chapter in priority order. Cover the solution, solve first, then check.

Days 3–6 speed: Drill the 60 Speed Pack (Part C) until the top four chapters — Ratio, Number, Percentage,
Inequality/Average — are automatic.

Day 4 — insurance: Do the 20-question Annex once so the rare chapters aren’t a shock.

Days 6, 8, 9 — test: One mock per session under a timer (50 Q / 45 min, −0.25 penalty). Mark it, then re-study only
the types you missed.

Day 7 + Final — lock in: Redo the traps and every question you got wrong. The second pass is where marks lock in.

The one habit that wins marks: treat every wrong answer as a question-TYPE to fix, not a one-off. Master the ≈ 60
types and the exam has nothing new to throw.

Page 2
PART A

The Analysis
What we analysed — and what it means for 17 July
17 July 2026 · exam conducted by IBA (DU) ·

What we analysed — the numbers

This suggestion is not a guess. It is built by counting what the IBA question universe actually asks and how it
has shifted lately.
● 841 IBA MBA admission math questions, every intake, 2001–2025.
● The recent IBA-conducted job exams — BCIC AO 2025, BCIC AM 2025, NSI AD 2025, BIDA AD
2026, Petro AM 2024 — via the 100-question BSCIC-2026 compilation.
● Cross-read with 39 IBA-based job papers and the full Capstone question pool (Math = 1,340 files)
● Every question sorted into 15 chapters → 60+ sub-topics; ranked by frequency, recency (recent exams
weighted highest) and the job-vs-admission gap.

The summary — what is highly important & likely to appear

Page 3
Rank Chapter (English) Importance score Priority Qs in the 150
1 C07 · Ratio/Mixture/Partnership/Age 13.7 Must master 21
2 C01 · Number System 13.4 Must master 20
3 C05 · Percentage & Set Theory 12.7 Must master 19
4 C04 · Inequality/Modulus/Average 11.8 Must master 18
5 C03 · Algebra & Equations 9.1 High 14
6 C12 · Geometry & Mensuration 9.1 High 12
7 C11 · Work/Pipe/Cistern 7.5 High 11
8 C06 · Profit/Loss/Interest & Discount 6.8 High 12
9 C10 · Time-Distance-Speed/Train/Boat 5.7 High 9
10 C02 · Fractions/Decimals/Exponents/Surds 3.5 Secondary 5
11 C14 · Series/Sequence/Calendar/Clock 3.3 Secondary 5
12 C09 · Probability 1.9 Low 3
13 C08 · Permutation & Combination 0.5 Low 1

কীভাবে পড়বেন

এক কথায়: পরীক্ষাটা arithmetic-নির্ভর। MBA admission-এর তু লিায় চাকনরর প্রশ্নে Work/Pipe, Ratio/Mixture,
Profit/Interest বেনি আশ্নে — আর Geometry অশ্নিকটাই কশ্নে যায়। BB AD বযশ্নেতু SSC-level একটা bank
job, তাই এই job-pattern-টাই বেশি শির্ভরয াগ্য।

আযগ্ বিষ করুি (Tier 1): Number System, Ratio/Mixture/Age, Percentage/Set, এেং Average ও Inequality। এই
চার-পাাঁচটা chapter র্াশ্নলার্াশ্নে owned থাকশ্নল অশ্নের প্রায় ৭০% cover েশ্নয় যায়।

এরপর (Tier 2): Algebra, Geometry (SSC-basic), Work/Pipe, Profit-Loss ও Interest, Time-Distance।

বিযষ রাখুি/ হালকা বেখুি: Permutation-Combination, Probability, Coordinate/ Trigonometry, Data

Interpretation — এগুশ্নলা এই পরীক্ষায় কে আশ্নে, বেনি েেয় বেশ্নেি িা।

Interest শিযয় সতকভতা: pool-এ Interest-এর প্রে কে, নকন্তু BB AD একটা banking job — তাই Simple ও
Compound Interest, EMI অেিযই র্াশ্নলা কশ্নর রাখুি। এখাশ্নি frequency-র বচশ্নয় syllabus-
এর গুরুত্ব বেনি।

How Part B (the 150) is organised

The next section gives 150 most-likely questions, grouped by chapter in the priority order above — the number
in each chapter matches the 'Qs in the 150' column. Every question is a real question from a recent IBA-
conducted exam or the IBA MBA papers, printed with the exam name and year it came from; a few banking-
Interest items are Capstone-authored (marked) because the syllabus demands them. Each carries options, the
correct answer, a full English worked solution, and a one-line 'why this type matters / trap to avoid'.
Sources feeding the 150: IBA MBA (multiple intakes, 2001–2025), IBA MBA 67 & 68, BCIC AO 2025, BCIC AM 2025,
NSI AD 2025, BIDA AD 2026, Petro AM 2024, IBA BBA — all IBA-set.

Page 4
PART B

C01 · Number System

22. If x is a positive integer, which of the following must be odd? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA (IBA-set)
(A) x + 1 (B) x⁴ − 4x2
(C) x3 − x + 1 (D) x3 + 2x – 1
(E) None of these
Answer: (C) x3 - x + 1
Solution:
We know, a product of consecutive integers is always even.
Option (C): x3 − x + 1 = x(x − 1)(x + 1) + 1
x(x − 1)(x + 1) is a product of three consecutive integers, hence even
⇒ even + 1 = odd, so (C) is always odd
Option (A): x + 1 = 2 at x = 1 — fails; (B): x4 − 4x2 = 0 at x = 2 — fails
Option (D): x3 + 2x − 1 = 2 at x = 1 — fails
∴ Only option (C) is always odd
Why / trap: Factor to reveal a product of consecutive integers (always even), so plus 1 is always odd.

23. What is the least integer that can be expressed as a product of four different integers, each of which has a
value between −5 and 4, inclusive? [HARD] IBA MBA (IBA-set)
(A) −360 (B) −240 (C) −180 (D) −120 (E) −60
Answer: (B) -240
Solution:
Available integers: −5, −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
For the least product, maximize magnitude with an odd number of negative factors.
Largest absolute values usable: 5, 4, 4, 3 (as −5, −4, 4, −3)
Product = (−5) × (−4) × 4 × (−3) = −240 (three negatives, so negative)
No four distinct values give magnitude above 240
∴ The least integer = −240
Why / trap: For the smallest value, maximize the magnitude and force an odd count of negatives.

24. In a video game, a player earns 1 rank point for every 6 monsters defeated and 1 badge point for every 9
monsters defeated. There are no fractional points (e.g. defeating 8 monsters earns 1 rank point and 0
badge points). If n is a positive integer representing the number of monsters defeated, how many different
values can n have such that the player ends up with the same number of rank points and badge points?
[HARD] IBA MBA (IBA-set)
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) ∞ (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 8
Solution:
Rank points = floor(n/6), badge points = floor(n/9); need floor(n/6) = floor(n/9) = k
Overlap of [6k, 6k+5] and [9k, 9k+8] needs 9k ≤ 6k + 5, i.e. k ≤ 1
k = 0: n = 1 to 5 from floor(n/6), n = 1 to 8 from floor(n/9) ⇒ overlap n = 1,...,5 (5 values)
k = 1: n = 6 to 11 and n = 9 to 17 ⇒ overlap n = 9, 10, 11 (3 values)

Page 12
∴ Total number of values of n = 5 + 3 = 8
Why / trap: Equal floors only survive while the two point-counts have not yet diverged (small n).

25. Which of the following is the smallest, given that x > y > 1? [MEDIUM] BIDA AD 2026 (IBA-set)
(A) x/y (B) (x + 2)/(y + 2)
(C) (x + 1)/(y + 1) (D) (x + 1)/y
(E) None of these
(E) xy
Answer: (B) (x+2)/(y+2)
Solution:
Since x > y > 1, x/y > 1
We know, adding the same positive number to top and bottom of a fraction > 1 pulls it toward 1.
Comparing (A) x/y, (C) (x+1)/(y+1), (B) (x+2)/(y+2): B < C < A
Option (D): (x+1)/y > x/y — larger (bigger numerator, same denominator)
Option (E): xy is much larger than 1
Check x = 3, y = 2: A = 1.5, B = 1.25, C = 1.33, D = 2, E = 6
∴ The smallest is (B) (x+2)/(y+2)
Why / trap: Adding the largest equal amount to numerator and denominator pulls a >1 fraction closest to 1.

26. A two-digit number is such that the product of its digits is 8. When 18 is added to the number, the digits are
reversed. What is the number? [MEDIUM] BCIC AM 2025 (IBA-set)
(A) 18 (B) 24
(C) 42 (D) 81
(E) None of these
Answer: (B) 24
Solution:
Let, tens digit = a and units digit = b, so the number = 10a + b
According to the question,
(10b + a) − (10a + b) = 18
⇒ 9(b − a) = 18 ⇒ b − a = 2
Also given, ab = 8
⇒ a(a + 2) = 8 ⇒ a2 + 2a − 8 = 0 ⇒ (a − 2)(a + 4) = 0 ⇒ a = 2
Then, b = 4
∴ The number = 24 (check: 2×4 = 8 and 24 + 18 = 42, digits reversed)
Why / trap: Turn 'reverse minus original = 18' into b - a = 2, then use the product to fix the digits.

27. What percentage of the numbers from 1 to 70 has 1 or 9 in the units digit? [EASY] BCIC AM 2025 (IBA-set)
(A) 10% (B) 14%
(C) 20% (D) 21%
(E) None of these
Answer: (C) 20%
Solution:

Page 13
Numbers 1–70 ending in 1: 1, 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61 → 7 numbers
Numbers 1–70 ending in 9: 9, 19, 29, 39, 49, 59, 69 → 7 numbers
Total favorable = 7 + 7 = 14
∴ Required percentage = 14/70 × 100 = 20%
Why / trap: Each units digit repeats once every 10, so over 70 numbers each appears 7 times.

28. If x = 5√5, y = 7 + √5, and z = 2 + 4√5, then which of the following is correct? [MEDIUM] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)
(A) x > y > z (B) x > z > y
(C) y > x > z (D) z > x > y
(E) None of these
Answer: (B) x > z > y
Solution:
Here, √5 ≈ 2.236
x = 5√5 = √125 ≈ 11.18
y = 7 + √5 ≈ 9.24
z = 2 + 4√5 = 2 + √80 ≈ 10.94
Now, 11.18 > 10.94 > 9.24 (also x − z = √5 − 2 > 0 confirms x > z)
∴x>z>y
Why / trap: Convert surds to decimals (or compare differences) to order them safely.

29. What is the remainder when 4¹⁰ is divided by 7? [MEDIUM] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)
(A) 4 (B) 2
(C) 1 (D) 0
(E) None of these
Answer: (A) 4
Solution:
41 ≡ 4, 42 = 16 ≡ 2, 43 = 64 ≡ 1 (mod 7)
So the cycle length is 3
Now, 10 = 3×3 + 1, so 410 sits at position 1 of the cycle
⇒ 410 ≡ 4 (mod 7)
∴ The remainder = 4
Why / trap: Powers mod n repeat in a cycle; reduce the exponent modulo the cycle length.

30. Find the remainder when 7¹¹ + 7¹¹¹ + 7¹¹¹¹ is divided by 8. [MEDIUM] NSI AD 2025 (IBA-set)
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 5
(E) 7
Answer: (D) 5
Solution:
We know, 7 ≡ −1 (mod 8)
So 7k ≡ (−1)k (mod 8): 7 for odd k, 1 for even k
The exponents 11, 111, 1111 are all odd, so each term ≡ 7 (mod 8)

Page 14
Sum ≡ 7 + 7 + 7 = 21 = 16 + 5
∴ The remainder = 5
Why / trap: Replace 7 with -1 mod 8; odd powers give 7, so just add them.

31. When the integer n is divided by 4, the quotient is p and the remainder is 1. When n is divided by 6, the
quotient is q and the remainder is 5. What is the value of (3q − 2p)? [MEDIUM] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)
(A) −2 (B) −1
(C) 1 (D) 2
(E) None of these
Answer: (A) -2
Solution:
Given, n = 4p + 1 and n = 6q + 5
⇒ 4p + 1 = 6q + 5
⇒ 4p − 6q = 4
⇒ 2p − 3q = 2
∴ 3q − 2p = −2 (check: n = 17 gives p = 4, q = 2, so 6 − 8 = −2)
Why / trap: 'Quotient and remainder' just means n = divisor×quotient + remainder; equate the two forms.

32. When the positive integers x and y are divided by the positive integer z, they yield remainders 12 and 22,
respectively. If (x + y) is divided by z, the remainder is 6. What is the value of z? [HARD] BIDA AD 2026 (IBA-
set)
(A) 12 (B) 15 (C) 24 (D) 28 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 28
Solution:
Let, x = za + 12 and y = zb + 22, so z > 22
Adding, x + y = z(a + b) + 34
Dividing (x + y) by z leaves remainder 6, so 34 leaves remainder 6
⇒ 34 − 6 = 28 is a multiple of z
z divides 28 and z > 22
∴ z = 28
Why / trap: The divisor must exceed every remainder; then reduce the combined remainder 34 mod z.

33. When a positive integer X is divided by Y, the quotient is 11 and the remainder is 5. When X is divided by (Y
+ 3), the quotient is 9 and the remainder is 2. What is the value of X? [MEDIUM] BIDA AD 2026 (IBA-set)
(A) 137 (B) 151 (C) 163 (D) 172 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 137
Solution:
Given, X = 11Y + 5 and X = 9(Y + 3) + 2 = 9Y + 29
⇒ 11Y + 5 = 9Y + 29
⇒ 2Y = 24 ⇒ Y = 12
∴ X = 11×12 + 5 = 137 (remainders 5 < 12 and 2 < 15 are both valid)
Why / trap: Convert each condition to X = divisor×quotient + remainder and solve the linear system.

Page 15
34. If x = 106 × 109 × 111, what is the remainder when x is divided by 15? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA (IBA-set)
(A) 1 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 9 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 9
Solution:
Reduce each factor mod 15: 106 ≡ 1, 109 ≡ 4, 111 ≡ 6
Product of residues = 1×4×6 = 24
24 = 15 + 9 ≡ 9 (mod 15)
∴ The remainder = 9
Why / trap: (a×b×c) mod m equals the product of the residues mod m -- reduce before multiplying.

35. 1 rank point per 6 monsters; 1 badge point per 9 monsters (integer counts). How many positive integers n
make rank pts = badge pts? [HARD] IBA MBA 2025
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) ∞ (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 8
Solution:
After n monsters, rank points = floor(n/6) and badge points = floor(n/9)
Both = 0 when n < 6: n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 → 5 values
Both = 1 when 9 ≤ n < 12: n = 9, 10, 11 → 3 values
Equality at level k needs 9k ≤ n < 6k + 6 ⇒ 3k < 6 ⇒ only k = 0 and k = 1
∴ Total = 5 + 3 = 8 positive integers
Why / trap: floor(n/6) grows faster than floor(n/9), so they can only agree at the very start (k = 0 and 1).

36. If x is a positive integer, which must be odd? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2024
(A) x + 1 (B) x⁴
(C) x3 − x + 1 (D) x2 + 2x − 1
(E) None of these
Answer: (C) x3 - x + 1
Solution:
Options (A) x + 1, (B) x4, (D) x2 + 2x − 1: parity changes with x — fail
Option (C): x3 − x + 1 = x(x − 1)(x + 1) + 1
x(x − 1)(x + 1) is a product of three consecutive integers — always even
Even + 1 = odd
∴ x3 − x + 1 must be odd — option (C)
Why / trap: The product of consecutive integers is always even; adding 1 forces odd.

37. If x = 106 × 190 × 111, what is the remainder when x is divided by 15? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2021
(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 7 (D) 9 (E) None of these
Answer: (E) 0 (None of these)
Solution:
Reduce each factor mod 15: 106 ≡ 1, 190 ≡ 10, 111 ≡ 6
Product of residues = 1×10×6 = 60
60 = 15×4 ≡ 0 (mod 15), so the remainder = 0

Page 16
∴ 0 is not among 1, 4, 7, 9 — the answer is 'None of these'
Why / trap: 190 supplies a factor of 5 and 111 a factor of 3, so the product is a multiple of 15 → remainder 0.

38. A set of x consecutive integers includes 2; sum is −11. What is/are the possible value(s) of x? [HARD] IBA
MBA 2025
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 22 (D) A & C (E) B & C
Answer: (E) B & C (x = 11 or 22)
Solution:
For x consecutive integers starting at a, sum = x(2a + x − 1)/2
According to the question,
x(2a + x − 1) = −22 ⇒ x divides 22 ⇒ x = 1, 2, 11, or 22
x = 11: a = −6 gives −6..4 — sum = −11 and contains 2 — works
x = 22: a = −11 gives −11..10 — sum = −11 and contains 2 — works
x = 1 and x = 2 give sets not containing 2; x = 10 does not divide 22
∴ x = 11 or 22 — option 'B & C'
Why / trap: Use the consecutive-sum formula: x must divide 22, then check the 'contains 2' condition.

39. For positive integers x, y, z, the function (xΩyΩz) means z/xy is integer but z/xy+1 is not. If (xΩzΩ144) is
satisfied, which is NOT a possible value of x? [HARD] IBA MBA 2024
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6 (E) None of these
Answer: (E) None of these (all of 2,3,4,6 are possible) ⚠ key corrected
Solution:
(x Ω z Ω 144) means xz divides 144 but xz+1 does not — z is the highest power of x in 144
Factor: 144 = 24 × 32
x = 2: 24 | 144 but 25 does not ⇒ z = 4 works
x = 3: 32 | 144 but 33 does not ⇒ z = 2 works
x = 4: 42 = 16 | 144 but 43 = 64 does not ⇒ z = 2 works
x = 6: 62 = 36 | 144 but 63 = 216 does not ⇒ z = 2 works
∴ Every listed x is possible — 'None of these' (source-key correction: key A is wrong, x = 2 works)
Why / trap: Any x that divides 144 has a valid highest power, so all of 2,3,4,6 are possible -- the answer is E.

40. A three-digit number consists of three consecutive digits. The unit digit is greater than the hundreds digit. If
the number is reversed, the reversed value exceeds the original by 22 times the sum of the digits. What is
the original number? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2021
(A) 234 (B) 456 (C) 567 (D) 789 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 234
Solution:
Let, the digits be a, a+1, a+2 (units greater than hundreds)
Original = 100a + 10(a + 1) + (a + 2) = 111a + 12
Reversed = 100(a + 2) + 10(a + 1) + a = 111a + 210
Reversed − original = 198; digit sum = 3a + 3 = 3(a + 1)
According to the question,
198 = 22 × 3(a + 1) = 66(a + 1)
⇒ a + 1 = 3 ⇒ a = 2, so the digits are 2, 3, 4

Page 17
∴ The number = 234 (check: 432 − 234 = 198 = 22×9)
Why / trap: Reverse minus original of a 3-digit number is 99×(units - hundreds); here that is 198, which fixes the digits.

41. The light at Shahbagh signal flashes every 120 seconds. The lights at Green Road and Bata signal flash
every 60 and 90 seconds respectively. They all flash at 8:30. When will they flash again simultaneously?
[MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2020
(A) 8:31 (B) 8:33
(C) 8:34 (D) 8:36
(E) None of these
Answer: (D) 8:36
Solution:
They flash together again after LCM(60, 90, 120) seconds
60 = 22×3×5, 90 = 2×32×5, 120 = 23×3×5
LCM = 23×32×5 = 360 seconds = 6 minutes
∴ Next simultaneous flash = 8:30 + 6 min = 8:36
Why / trap: Repeating simultaneous events recombine at the LCM of their periods.

C05 · Percentage & Set Theory

42. If 6x + 5y = 70% of 10y, what is the value of y/x? [EASY] IBA MBA (IBA-set)
(A) 6/5 (B) 5/2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 3
Solution:
Here, 70% of 10y = 0.7×10y = 7y
⇒ 6x + 5y = 7y
⇒ 6x = 2y
∴ y/x = 3
Why / trap: Convert the percentage to a number first, then isolate the ratio y/x.

43. If 3x/4 = 1, then x is greater than 3/4 by approximately what percent? [MEDIUM] BIDA AD 2026 (IBA-set)
(A) 58 (B) 62
(C) 78 (D) 80
(E) None of these
Answer: (C) 78%
Solution:
Given, 3x/4 = 1 ⇒ x = 4/3
Excess over 3/4 = 4/3 − 3/4 = (16 − 9)/12 = 7/12
Percent = (7/12) ÷ (3/4) × 100 = (7/9) × 100
= 77.8%
∴ x is greater than 3/4 by approximately 78%
Why / trap: 'Greater than by percent' uses the original value (3/4) as the denominator, not x.

Page 18
44. The fee for a course was increased by x percent over the previous year. A student got a y percent waiver on
the course fee. If the fee actually collected from him is 60% of the previous year's fee, what is y in terms of
x? [HARD] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)
(A) x + 40 (B) 100(x + 40)/(x + 100)
(C) 60x + 10 (D) (x + 60)/(x + 100)
(E) None of these
Answer: (B) 100(x + 40)/(x + 100)
Solution:
Let, the previous fee = P
After the x% rise, fee = P(1 + x/100)
According to the question,
P(1 + x/100)(1 − y/100) = 0.60P
⇒ 1 − y/100 = 0.6/(1 + x/100) = 60/(100 + x)
⇒ y/100 = 1 − 60/(100 + x) = (x + 40)/(100 + x)
∴ y = 100(x + 40)/(x + 100)
Why / trap: Chain the multipliers (1 + x/100)(1 - y/100) = 0.6, then solve for y.

45. The price of an item was increased by 20% and then reduced by 25% the next day. If all prices are integers,
which of these can be the new price of the item (in Tk)? [HARD] BIDA AD 2026 (IBA-set)
(A) 300 (B) 325 (C) 450 (D) 475 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 450
Solution:
Let, the original price = P
After +20%: 6P/5 (so P is a multiple of 5)
After −25%: (6P/5)(3/4) = 9P/10
For all prices to be integers, P is a multiple of 10 ⇒ final = 9(P/10), a multiple of 9
Check the options: only 450 = 9×50 is divisible by 9 (P = 500 → 600 → 450)
∴ The new price can be Tk. 450
Why / trap: The net multiplier is 9/10, so the valid final price must be a multiple of 9.

46. In a small town there were 3,300 registered voters, 75 percent of whom voted in an election. If one candidate
received 594 votes, what percent of the votes cast did he receive? [EASY] IBA MBA 68 (IBA-set)
(A) 21% (B) 24% (C) 26% (D) 28% (E) 32%
Answer: (B) 24%
Solution:
Votes cast = 75% of 3300 = 2475
Candidate's share = 594/2475
= 0.24
∴ He received 24% of the votes cast
Why / trap: 'Percent of votes cast' uses the votes cast (2475), not the registered voters (3300).

Page 19
47. At a university, 30 percent of the students enrolled in a science course. No student took more than one
science course, and 20 percent of those who enrolled in science enrolled in chemistry. What percentage of
all enrolled students took a science course other than chemistry? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 68 (IBA-set)
(A) 6% (B) 7% (C) 10% (D) 14% (E) 24%
Answer: (E) 24%
Solution:
Science enrollees = 30% of all students
Chemistry = 20% of the science group = 0.20×30% = 6% of all students
Science but not chemistry = 30% − 6% = 24%
∴ Required percentage = 24%
Why / trap: Take 20% of the 30% for chemistry, then subtract from the science group.

48. An employee is entitled to a disability benefit equal to 60 percent of the first Tk 2,000 of monthly salary plus
40 percent of the salary in excess of Tk 2,000. What is the monthly salary (in Tk) of an employee who
receives Tk 1,400 in disability benefit? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 68 (IBA-set)
(A) 500 (B) 2,200
(C) 2,240 (D) 2,500
(E) 3,000
Answer: (D) 2500
Solution:
60% of the first Tk. 2000 = 1200
Remaining benefit = 1400 − 1200 = 200
According to the question,
200 = 40% of the excess over 2000
⇒ excess = 200/0.4 = 500
∴ Monthly salary = 2000 + 500 = Tk. 2500 (salary exceeds 2000, consistent)
Why / trap: Fill the first bracket (1200) first, then convert the leftover benefit back through the 40% rate.

49. A box contains 200 pens, of which 25% are red and the rest are black. A certain number of pens were sold,
of which 60% were black. Among the remaining pens, only 20% are red. How many pens were sold?
[MEDIUM] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)
(A) 50 (B) 60 (C) 75 (D) 80 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 50
Solution:
Here, red = 25% of 200 = 50 and black = 150
Let, S pens be sold; then black sold = 0.6S and red sold = 0.4S
Remaining red = 50 − 0.4S and remaining total = 200 − S
According to the question,
(50 − 0.4S)/(200 − S) = 0.2
⇒ 50 − 0.4S = 40 − 0.2S
⇒ 0.2S = 10 ⇒ S = 50
∴ 50 pens were sold (check: remaining 30 red of 150 = 20%)
Why / trap: Track the red count through the sale, then set remaining-red / remaining-total = 20%.

Page 20
50. A box contains 400 marbles, of which 40% are blue. You pick some marbles, of which 25% are blue. Of the
remaining marbles, 50% are blue. How many marbles did you pick? [MEDIUM] BIDA AD 2026 (IBA-set)
(A) 130 (B) 140 (C) 150 (D) 160 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 160
Solution:
Here, blue = 40% of 400 = 160 and non-blue = 240
Let, P marbles be picked; then blue picked = 0.25P
Remaining blue = 160 − 0.25P and remaining total = 400 − P
According to the question,
(160 − 0.25P)/(400 − P) = 0.5
⇒ 160 − 0.25P = 200 − 0.5P
⇒ 0.25P = 40 ⇒ P = 160
∴ 160 marbles were picked (check: remaining 120 blue of 240 = 50%)
Why / trap: Set remaining-blue equal to half of remaining-total and solve for the pick count.

51. A marketing agency analyzes 60 ad campaigns. 32 campaigns used Social Media Ads, fewer than 35
campaigns used Email Marketing, and 12 campaigns used neither Social Media nor Email Marketing.
Which of the following could be the number of campaigns that used BOTH Social Media Ads and Email
Marketing? [HARD] IBA MBA (IBA-set)
(A) 17 (B) 18 (C) 19 (D) A & B (E) A, B & C
Answer: (D) 17 or 18 (A & B)
Solution:
Given, total campaigns = 60, Social Media = 32, neither = 12
At least one channel = 60 − 12 = 48
By inclusion–exclusion, 48 = 32 + E − B
⇒ E = 16 + B
Given, E < 35 ⇒ 16 + B < 35 ⇒ B < 19
B = 17 ⇒ E = 33 (valid); B = 18 ⇒ E = 34 (valid); B = 19 ⇒ E = 35 — fails '< 35'
∴ Both can be 17 or 18, so 'A & B' = option (D)
Why / trap: Turn 'could be' into an inequality on Both via inclusion-exclusion; the strict 'fewer than 35' caps Both at 18 and
rules out 19.

52. Of 800 students in a school, 60% passed in Mathematics and 70% passed in Bangla, while 10% of the
students failed in both subjects. What percentage of students failed only in Mathematics? [MEDIUM] BCIC
AO 2025 (IBA-set)
(A) 10% (B) 15% (C) 20% (D) 30% (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 30%
Solution:
Failed Math = 100% − 60% = 40%; failed Bangla = 100% − 70% = 30%
Failed both = 10% (overlap of the two failure groups)
Failed only Math = failed Math − failed both
= 40% − 10%
= 30%
∴ 30% of the students failed only in Mathematics

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Why / trap: Work with the complement (failures); 'failed only Math' = total Math-fail minus the both-fail overlap.

53. 70 students are enrolled in Management, Accounting, and Marketing. 40 are in Management, 35 in
Accounting, and 30 in Marketing. If 15 are enrolled in all three subjects, how many are enrolled in exactly
two of the subjects? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA (IBA-set)
(A) 8 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 9 (E) 7
Answer: (B) 5
Solution:
Let, exactly one = a, exactly two = b, all three = c = 15
Then, a + b + c = 70 ⇒ a + b = 70 − 15 = 55
Membership sum: a + 2b + 3c = 40 + 35 + 30 = 105
⇒ a + 2b = 105 − 3 × 15 = 60
Subtracting, (a + 2b) − (a + b) = 60 − 55
⇒b=5
∴ Students enrolled in exactly two subjects = 5
Why / trap: Use the two identities (headcount = 70 and membership-sum = 105); subtracting them isolates the exactly-two
group.

54. Among 45 families, 25 have working mothers, 10 have retired members, and 8 families have both. How
many families have a working mother but no retired member? [EASY] IBA MBA (IBA-set)
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 18 (D) 17 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 17
Solution:
Working mothers = 25, of which 8 families also have a retired member
Working mother but no retired member = 25 − 8 = 17
(The totals 45 and 10 are distractors — not needed)
∴ 17 families have a working mother but no retired member
Why / trap: Subtract the overlap from the working-mother set; the 45 total and 10 retired are distractors.

55. Disability benefit = 60% of first Tk. 2000 + 40% of salary above Tk. 2000. If benefit = Tk. 1400, find salary.
[MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2025
(A) 500 (B) 2,200 (C) 2,240 (D) 2,500 (E) 3,000
Answer: (D) Tk 2500
Solution:
Let, the salary be Tk. S
Fixed part = 60% of 2000 = Tk. 1200
Upper-slab benefit = 1400 − 1200 = Tk. 200
According to the question,
0.40 × (S − 2000) = 200
⇒ S − 2000 = 500
⇒ S = 2500
∴ The salary = Tk. 2500
Why / trap: Peel off the fixed 60%-of-2000 first, then solve the 40% slab for the excess salary.

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56. 60 ad campaigns: 32 Social Media, fewer than 35 Email, 12 neither. Which could be the number using
BOTH? [HARD] IBA MBA 2025
(A) 17 (B) 18 (C) 19 (D) A & B (E) A, B & C
Answer: (D) 17 or 18 (A & B)
Solution:
At least one channel = 60 − 12 = 48
By inclusion–exclusion, 48 = 32 + E − B
⇒ E = 16 + B
Given, E < 35 ⇒ 16 + B < 35 ⇒ B ≤ 18
B = 17 ⇒ E = 33 (ok); B = 18 ⇒ E = 34 (ok); B = 19 ⇒ E = 35 — fails '< 35'
∴ Both = 17 or 18, so 'A & B' = option (D)
Why / trap: Same structure as Q51: the strict '<35' caps Both at 18, excluding 19.

57. 3300 registered voters, 75% voted. Haroon received 594 votes. What percent of votes cast did he receive?
[EASY] IBA MBA 2025
(A) 21% (B) 24% (C) 26% (D) 28% (E) 32%
Answer: (B) 24%
Solution:
Votes cast = 75% of 3300 = 0.75 × 3300 = 2475
Haroon's share of votes cast = 594/2475
= 6/25
= 0.24 = 24%
∴ He received 24% of the votes cast
Why / trap: Base the percentage on votes cast (2475), not on registered voters (3300).

58. A company sells only iPads and iPhones. In 2015 revenues from iPad sales were down 11% from 2014, and
iPhone revenues were up 7% from 2014. If total 2015 revenues were up 1% from 2014, what is the ratio of
revenue from iPad sales in 2014 to revenue from iPhone sales in 2014? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2016
(A) 1:2 (B) 4:5 (C) 1:1 (D) 3:2 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 1:2
Solution:
Let, 2014 iPad revenue = P and iPhone revenue = H
Then, 2015 iPad = 0.89P and 2015 iPhone = 1.07H
According to the question,
0.89P + 1.07H = 1.01(P + H)
⇒ 0.89P + 1.07H = 1.01P + 1.01H
⇒ 0.06H = 0.12P
⇒ H = 2P
∴P:H=1:2
Why / trap: Set the weighted individual changes equal to the overall change, then solve for the ratio.

59. A balloon leaks 1/5 of its volume every second. After 4 seconds, what is the ratio of (current balloon size) :
(volume decreased)? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2022

Page 23
(A) 256 : 369 (B) 369 : 256
(C) 256 : 625 (D) 369 : 625
(E) 625 : 256
Answer: (A) 256:369
Solution:
Each second the balloon keeps 1 − 1/5 = 4/5 of its current volume
After 4 seconds, remaining fraction = (4/5)4 = 256/625
Volume decreased = 1 − 256/625 = 369/625
Ratio current : decreased = 256/625 : 369/625
∴ Current size : volume decreased = 256 : 369
Why / trap: Repeated fractional loss compounds: multiply (4/5) four times; do not subtract 4 × (1/5).

60. Last year, a magazine charged a $50 subscription fee. This year, the price will be increased by 20%. If the
magazine could lose 4 subscribers this year and still collect the same revenue as last year, how many
subscribers did the magazine have last year? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2020
(A) 20 (B) 21 (C) 22 (D) 23 (E) 24
Answer: (E) 24
Solution:
Let, last year's subscribers = N; last-year revenue = 50N
New price = 50 × 1.2 = $60, with (N − 4) subscribers
According to the question,
60(N − 4) = 50N
⇒ 60N − 240 = 50N
⇒ 10N = 240
⇒ N = 24
∴ The magazine had 24 subscribers last year
Why / trap: Set this-year revenue (higher price, 4 fewer subscribers) equal to last-year revenue and solve.

C04 · Inequality·Modulus·Average
61. The average income of A and B is Tk 605, the average income of B and C is Tk 635, and the average
income of A and C is Tk 620. What is the average income of A, B, and C? [MEDIUM] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)
(A) Tk 615 (B) Tk 620 (C) Tk 625 (D) Tk 630 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) Tk 620
Solution:
A + B = 2 × 605 = 1210; B + C = 2 × 635 = 1270; A + C = 2 × 620 = 1240
Adding, 2(A + B + C) = 1210 + 1270 + 1240 = 3720
⇒ A + B + C = 1860
∴ Average income of A, B, C = 1860/3 = Tk. 620
Why / trap: Summing the three pair-sums gives twice the grand total; halve it, then divide by 3.

62. The average of X and Y is 50, and the average of Y and Z is 35. What is the value of (X - Z)? [MEDIUM] BCIC
AM 2025 (IBA-set)

Page 24
(A) 15 (B) 20 (C) 25 (D) 30 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 30
Solution:
X + Y = 2 × 50 = 100
Y + Z = 2 × 35 = 70
Subtracting, (X + Y) − (Y + Z) = 100 − 70
⇒ X − Z = 30
∴ X − Z = 30
Why / trap: Subtract the two pair-sums so the shared term Y cancels, leaving X - Z directly.

63. In the first 10 overs of a cricket game, the run rate was only 3.2. What should be the run rate in the
remaining 40 overs to reach the target of 282 runs? [MEDIUM] BCIC AM 2025 (IBA-set)
(A) 6.25 (B) 6.5 (C) 6.75 (D) 7 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 6.25
Solution:
Runs scored in first 10 overs = 3.2 × 10 = 32
Runs still needed = 282 − 32 = 250, with 40 overs remaining
Required run rate = 250/40
= 6.25
∴ Required run rate = 6.25 runs per over
Why / trap: Required rate = (remaining runs) divided by (remaining overs).

64. A company earned BDT 47,000 in December, which reduced its 12-month average earnings (January to
December) by BDT 2,500. Find the new average monthly earning in BDT. [HARD] NSI AD 2025 (IBA-set)
(A) 72000 (B) 73500 (C) 74500 (D) 76200 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 74500
Solution:
Let, the average of the first 11 months (Jan–Nov) = A
Then, the 12-month average = A − 2500
According to the question,
11A + 47000 = 12(A − 2500)
⇒ 11A + 47000 = 12A − 30000
⇒ A = 77000
∴ New average = 77000 − 2500 = BDT 74,500
Why / trap: A single low month drags the mean down; write the 12-month total two ways, solve for A, then subtract 2500.

65. The average weight of 50 balls is 2 lbs. When the weight of the container is included, the average weight
increases by 0.05 lbs. What is the weight of the container? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 67 (IBA-set)
(A) 2.55 lbs (B) 3.25 lbs (C) 4.55 lbs (D) 5 lbs (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 4.55 lbs
Solution:
Total weight of 50 balls = 50 × 2 = 100 lbs
With the container, items = 51 and average = 2 + 0.05 = 2.05 lbs

Page 25
New total = 51 × 2.05 = 104.55 lbs
Container weight = 104.55 − 100
∴ The container weighs 4.55 lbs
Why / trap: The container is a 51st item; its weight = (new count x new average) - old total.

66. A car averages 25 km/litre inside the city and 40 km/litre on the highway. A driver covered a 105 km trip, of
which 25 km was inside the city. What was his average mileage for the whole trip? [MEDIUM] NSI AD 2025
(IBA-set)
(A) 25 (B) 28 (C) 30 (D) 33 (E) None of these
(E) 35
Answer: (E) 35 km/L
Solution:
City leg: 25 km at 25 km/L ⇒ fuel = 25/25 = 1 L
Highway leg: 105 − 25 = 80 km at 40 km/L ⇒ fuel = 80/40 = 2 L
Total fuel = 1 + 2 = 3 L for 105 km
Average mileage = total km / total fuel = 105/3
∴ Average mileage = 35 km/L
Why / trap: Average mileage = total km divided by total litres; never average the two rates directly.

67. A batsman scores 87 runs in his 17th innings and thereby increases his batting average by 3. What is his
average after the 17th innings? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA (IBA-set)
(A) 23 (B) 34 (C) 39 (D) 44 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 39
Solution:
Let, the average after 17 innings = x; average after 16 innings = x − 3
Total after 17 = 17x; total after 16 = 16(x − 3)
According to the question,
17x = 16(x − 3) + 87
⇒ 17x = 16x − 48 + 87
⇒ x = 39
∴ Average after the 17th innings = 39
Why / trap: New total = old total + new score; express both totals via the average and the +3 shift.

68. If 3 < x < 7 and 5 > y > 2, which of the following must be true? [HARD] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)
(A) x + y > 8 (B) x - y > 0
(C) x - 2y < 2 (D) 2x - y > 1
(E) None of these
Answer: (D) 2x - y > 1
Solution:
Given, 3 < x < 7 and 2 < y < 5 (rewriting 5 > y > 2)
Option (D): x > 3 ⇒ 2x > 6, and y < 5 ⇒ −y > −5
Adding, 2x − y > 6 − 5 = 1 — always true (both bounds strict)
Option (A): x + y can be ≈ 5.2 (< 8) — fails

Page 26
Option (B): x − y can be ≈ −1.8 (< 0) — fails
Option (C): x − 2y can be ≈ 2.7 (> 2) — fails
∴ Only option (D) 2x − y > 1 always holds
Why / trap: For 'must be true', test the extreme corner; combine the strict bounds 2x>6 and -y>-5.

69. If b < 2 and 2x - 3b = 0, which of the following must be true? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA (IBA-set)
(A) x > -3 (B) x < 2 (C) x > -4 (D) x < 3 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) x < 3
Solution:
From 2x − 3b = 0, x = 3b/2
Given, b < 2; multiplying by the positive 3/2, x = 3b/2 < 3
b can be very negative ⇒ x can be hugely negative, so x > −3 and x > −4 fail
b = 1.9 ⇒ x = 2.85 > 2, so x < 2 fails
∴ Only x < 3 must be true ⇒ option (D)
Why / trap: Solve for x, then scale the bound b<2 by 3/2; only the upper bound x<3 must hold.

70. If x4 <= 16 and y2 <= 36, then the maximum possible value of (x - y) is: [MEDIUM] BIDA AD 2026 (IBA-set)
(A) -4 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 8
Solution:
x4 ≤ 16 ⇒ |x| ≤ 2 ⇒ −2 ≤ x ≤ 2
y2 ≤ 36 ⇒ |y| ≤ 6 ⇒ −6 ≤ y ≤ 6
Max (x − y) = max x − min y = 2 − (−6)
= 8 (endpoints attainable since the inequalities are ≤)
∴ Maximum possible value of (x − y) = 8
Why / trap: max(x - y) = max(x) - min(y); the '<=' signs make the endpoints attainable.

71. If y = 2x + 3, which of the following intervals consists of the values of x such that xy < 0? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 68
(IBA-set)
(A) 0 < x <= 3/2 (B) -3/2 <= x < 0
(C) -3/2 < x < 0 (D) -3/2 <= x < 3/2
(E) -3/2 < x < 3/2
Answer: (C) -3/2 < x < 0
Solution:
Substituting y = 2x + 3 into xy < 0: x(2x + 3) < 0
Roots of the product: x = 0 and 2x + 3 = 0 ⇒ x = −3/2
The upward-opening parabola is negative strictly between its roots
⇒ −3/2 < x < 0 (endpoints excluded — there the product = 0, not < 0)
∴ −3/2 < x < 0 ⇒ option (C)
Why / trap: A product is negative between its two roots; keep the interval open for a strict '< 0'.

72. If x2 < x, what is the range of x? [EASY] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

(A) x < 0 (B) 0 < x < 1 (C) x > 1 (D) x = 1 (E) None of these

Page 27
Answer: (B) 0 < x < 1
Solution:
x2 < x
⇒ x2 − x < 0
⇒ x(x − 1) < 0
The product is negative between the roots 0 and 1
∴0<x<1
Why / trap: x2 < x only for fractions between 0 and 1; squaring shrinks numbers in that band.

73. If 2 < x < 3 and 5 < y < 7, in which range does xy fall? [EASY] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)
(A) 10 < xy < 21 (B) 8 < xy < 18
(C) 6 < xy < 14 (D) 12 < xy < 15
(E) None of these
Answer: (A) 10 < xy < 21
Solution:
Given, 2 < x < 3 and 5 < y < 7 — all bounds positive
Smallest product approaches 2 × 5 = 10
Largest product approaches 3 × 7 = 21
⇒ 10 < xy < 21 (strict, since the given ranges are strict)
∴ 10 < xy < 21 ⇒ option (A)
Why / trap: For all-positive ranges, multiply the low ends together and the high ends together; keep it strict.

74. If y = 2x + 3, which interval of x makes xy < 0? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2025

(A) 0 < x ≤ 3/2 (B) −3/2 ≤ x < 0
(C) −3/2 < x < 0 (D) −3/2 ≤ x < 3/2
(E) −3/2 < x < 3/2
Answer: (C) -3/2 < x < 0
Solution:
Putting y = 2x + 3 into xy < 0: x(2x + 3) < 0
Roots of the product: x = 0 and x = −3/2
The upward-opening parabola is negative between its roots
⇒ −3/2 < x < 0, endpoints excluded (strict inequality)
∴ −3/2 < x < 0 ⇒ option (C)
Why / trap: Product is negative strictly between the roots 0 and -3/2, so the interval is open.

75. Zone A: 14/15, 15/16, …, 18/19. Zone B: 15/14, 16/15, …, 19/18. Zone C: 5/13, 6/13, …, 9/13. Which
statement(s) true about avg vs median? A. Zone A: avg < median. B. Zone B: avg < median. C. Zone C:
avg < median. [HARD] IBA MBA 2025
(A) A only (B) B only (C) C only (D) B and C (E) A, B and C
Answer: (A) A only
Solution:
Each zone has 5 ordered terms ⇒ median = 3rd term; compare it with the mean

Page 28
Zone A: 14/15, 15/16, 16/17, 17/18, 18/19, each = 1 − 1/(n+1)
Sum 1/15 + 1/16 + 1/17 + 1/18 + 1/19 ≈ 0.29618 > 5/17 ≈ 0.29412
⇒ mean ≈ 0.94076 < median 16/17 ≈ 0.94118 — A is TRUE
Zone B: each = 1 + 1/n; mean ≈ 1.06299 > median 17/16 = 1.0625 — B is FALSE
Zone C: 5/13, …, 9/13 is arithmetic (equal gaps) ⇒ mean = median — C is FALSE
∴ Only Zone A satisfies avg < median ⇒ 'A only' = option (A)
Why / trap: For 5 sorted terms, compare the mean to the middle term; only the concave n/(n+1) list dips mean below
median, while the equally-spaced Zone C has mean = median.

76. Sales rep's salary Tk. 15,000/year plus Tk. 800 per full-sized car and Tk. 500 per mid-sized car. What is the
least number of cars to earn exactly Tk. 25,000 total? [HARD] IBA MBA 2025
(A) 7 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 14 (E) 17
Answer: (D) 14 cars
Solution:
Let, full-sized cars sold = f and mid-sized cars sold = m
According to the question,
15000 + 800f + 500m = 25000
⇒ 800f + 500m = 10000
⇒ 8f + 5m = 100
Mod 5: 3f ≡ 0 (mod 5), so f must be a multiple of 5
f = 10 ⇒ m = 4, total = 14; f = 5 ⇒ m = 12, total = 17; f = 0 ⇒ m = 20, total = 20
To minimise the count, take more of the higher-commission full-sized cars
∴ The least number of cars = 10 + 4 = 14
Why / trap: To minimize the count for a fixed total, load up on the higher-value item, and use mod arithmetic to keep whole
numbers.

77. If |x − y| + x = y, which of the following must be true? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2015
(A) x = 0 (B) x = −y
(C) x = y (D) x ≤ y
(E) None of these
Answer: (D) x <= y
Solution:
Given, |x − y| + x = y
⇒ |x − y| = y − x
An absolute value is never negative, so y − x ≥ 0
⇒x≤y
Check: if x > y, then |x − y| = x − y gives 2x = 2y ⇒ x = y — a contradiction
∴ x ≤ y must be true
Why / trap: |A| = B forces B >= 0; that sign requirement is the answer.

78. If a, b, c, d are integers and ab2c3d⁴ > 0, which of the following must be positive? I. a2cd II. bc⁴d III. a3c3d2
[HARD] IBA MBA 2020
(A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and III (E) I, II and III
Answer: (C) III only

Page 29
Solution:
Given, a × b2 × c3 × d4 > 0
b2 > 0 and d4 > 0, so the sign depends on a × c3, i.e. a × c > 0
I. a2 × c × d: a2 > 0, but c × d can be negative — not guaranteed
II. b × c4 × d: c4 > 0, but b × d can be negative — not guaranteed
III. a3 × c3 × d2 = (a × c)3 × d2 > 0, since a × c > 0 — always positive
∴ Only III must be positive
Why / trap: Even powers are always positive and drop out; only the odd-power signs matter.

C03 · Algebra & Equations

79. If a - b = 3 and a2 + b2 = 29, what is the value of ab? [EASY] BCIC AM 2025 (IBA-set)
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 15 (D) 18 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 10
Solution:
Given, a − b = 3 and a2 + b2 = 29
We know, (a − b)2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab
⇒ 32 = 29 − 2ab
⇒ 2ab = 29 − 9 = 20
∴ ab = 10
Why / trap: The square-of-difference identity links a2+b2 and ab in one step.

80. If ax + by = a - b and bx - ay = a + b, what is the value of x? [MEDIUM] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

(A) 2 (B) 1.5 (C) 1 (D) 2.5 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 1
Solution:
Given, ax + by = a − b ... (1) and bx − ay = a + b ... (2)
(1) × a: a2 x + aby = a2 − ab
(2) × b: b2 x − aby = ab + b2
Adding, (a2 + b2)x = a2 + b2
∴x=1
Why / trap: Multiply each equation to cancel y; the a2+b2 factors match and give x=1.

81. If a and b are two numbers such that a + b = 9 and ab = 12, what is the sum of the squares of a and b?
[HARD] NSI AD 2025 (IBA-set)
(A) 49 (B) 55 (C) 57 (D) 63 (E) 78
Answer: (C) 57
Solution:
Given, a + b = 9 and ab = 12
We know, a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 − 2ab
= 92 − 2 × 12
= 81 − 24
= 57
∴ The sum of the squares = 57

Page 30
Why / trap: Use a2 + b2 = (a+b)2 - 2ab; no need to find a and b individually.

82. If x = (2 - √2) / (2 + √2), find the value of (x - 3)2. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 68 (IBA-set)
(A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 12 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 8
Solution:
Given, x = (2 − √2)/(2 + √2)
Multiplying above and below by (2 − √2):
x = (2 − √2)2/[(2 + √2)(2 − √2)] = (4 − 4√2 + 2)/(4 − 2)
= (6 − 4√2)/2 = 3 − 2√2
⇒ x − 3 = −2√2
∴ (x − 3)2 = (−2√2)2 = 4 × 2 = 8
Why / trap: Rationalize first; the '-3' cancels the 3, leaving a clean surd to square.

83. (x - 2)2 + (x - 1)2 + x2 + (x + 1)2 + (x + 2)2 is equal to which of the following? [EASY] IBA MBA 67 (IBA-set)
(A) 5x + x2 (B) 5x2 + 10
(C) 5x2 + 10x + 20 (D) x2 + 10
(E) None of these
Answer: (B) 5x2 + 10
Solution:
Expanding, (x − 2)2 + (x − 1)2 + x2 + (x + 1)2 + (x + 2)2
x2 terms: 5x2
Linear terms: −4x − 2x + 0 + 2x + 4x = 0
Constants: 4 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 4 = 10
∴ The expression = 5x2 + 10
Why / trap: Symmetric +/- terms cancel the linear part; just sum the squares and constants.

84. If √(9 + √y) = √(y + 3), then y could be equal to which of the following? [MEDIUM] BCIC AM 2025 (IBA-set
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 12 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 9
Solution:
Given, √(9 + √y) = √(y + 3)
Squaring both sides, 9 + √y = y + 3
⇒ √y = y − 6
Let, t = √y (t ≥ 0), so y = t2
⇒ t2 − t − 6 = 0
⇒ (t − 3)(t + 2) = 0 ⇒ t = 3 (rejecting t = −2)
∴ y = 32 = 9
Why / trap: Substitute t = √y to turn it into a quadratic, and discard the negative root.

85. The price of a mobile set is Tk 8,000 and that of a tab is 50% more than the price of a mobile set. If a total of
18 mobiles and tabs were sold for a total of Tk 188,000, how many tabs were sold? [MEDIUM] BIDA AD 2026
(IBA-set)

Page 31
(A) 9 (B) 11 (C) 13 (D) 14 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 11
Solution:
Tab price = 50% more than Tk. 8000 = 8000 × 1.5 = Tk. 12000
Let, mobiles sold = m and tabs sold = t
According to the question,
m + t = 18 and 8000m + 12000t = 188000
⇒ 2m + 3t = 47
⇒ 2(18 − t) + 3t = 47
⇒ 36 + t = 47
⇒ t = 11
∴ Number of tabs sold = 11 (check: 7 × 8000 + 11 × 12000 = 188000)
Why / trap: '50% more' means multiply by 1.5; then solve the two-equation system.

86. If x is 2 more than the product of 4 and z, and y is 3 less than the product of 5 and z, then 3x is how much
greater than 2y when z is 3? [EASY] BIDA AD 2026 (IBA-set)
(A) 12 (B) 15
(C) 18 (D) 20
(E) None of these
Answer: (C) 18
Solution:
Here, x = 4z + 2 and y = 5z − 3
Putting z = 3: x = 4 × 3 + 2 = 14 and y = 5 × 3 − 3 = 12
Then, 3x = 42 and 2y = 24
∴ 3x − 2y = 42 − 24 = 18
Why / trap: Carefully convert each phrase to an expression, then substitute z=3.

87. A sales representative receives an annual salary of Tk 15,000 plus a commission of Tk 800 for each full-
sized car and Tk 500 for each mid-sized car sold. What is the least number of cars he must sell in a year to
receive total annual earnings of exactly Tk 25,000? [HARD] IBA MBA 68 (IBA-set)
(A) 7 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 14 (E) 17
Answer: (D) 14 cars
Solution:
Let, full-sized cars = f and mid-sized cars = m
According to the question,
15000 + 800f + 500m = 25000
⇒ 800f + 500m = 10000
⇒ 8f + 5m = 100
Mod 5: 3f ≡ 0 (mod 5) ⇒ f is a multiple of 5
f = 10 ⇒ m = 4, total 14; f = 5 ⇒ m = 12, total 17; f = 0 ⇒ m = 20, total 20
∴ The minimum number of cars = 14
Why / trap: For a fixed target total, favor the higher-value item and use mod arithmetic for integer counts.

Page 32
88. Tuition centre offers 45-minute classes at Tk. 12 per class. If Durlov's total minutes this month was 132
greater than total Tk. spent, how many classes? (Same as Dec 2022 Q255.) [EASY] IBA MBA 2024
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 4
Solution:
Let, the number of classes be n
Then, total minutes = 45n and total cost = Tk. 12n
According to the question,
45n = 12n + 132
⇒ 33n = 132
⇒n=4
∴ Number of classes = 4
Why / trap: Write minutes and cost each as a multiple of n, then set minutes = cost + 132.

89. At a charity, 70 people contributed a total of Tk. 11500. Each man contributed Tk. 100 and each woman Tk.
200. Find the number of women. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2019
(A) 36 (B) 40 (C) 42 (D) 45 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 45
Solution:
Let, the number of men = m and the number of women = w
According to the question,
m + w = 70 and 100m + 200w = 11500
⇒ m + 2w = 115
Subtracting, (m + 2w) − (m + w) = 115 − 70
⇒ w = 45
∴ Number of women = 45 (check: 25 × 100 + 45 × 200 = 11500)
Why / trap: Subtract the count equation from the money equation to isolate the higher-value group.

90. If 6x + 5y = 70% of 10y, then y/x = ? [EASY] IBA MBA 2024

(A) 6/5 (B) 5/2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 3
Solution:
Given, 6x + 5y = 70% of 10y
⇒ 6x + 5y = 7y
⇒ 6x = 2y
∴ y/x = 6/2 = 3
Why / trap: Simplify the percentage first, then rearrange to get the ratio.

91. (x−2)2 + (x−1)2 + x2 + (x+1)2 + (x+2)2 evaluates to which? [EASY] IBA MBA 2024
(A) 5x + x2 (B) 5x2 + 10
(C) 5x2 + 10x + 20 (D) x2 + 10
(E) None of these
Answer: (B) 5x2 + 10

Page 33
Solution:
Expanding, (x − 2)2 + (x − 1)2 + x2 + (x + 1)2 + (x + 2)2
x2 terms: 5x2
Linear terms: −4x − 2x + 0 + 2x + 4x = 0 (cancel by symmetry)
Constants: 4 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 4 = 10
∴ The expression = 5x2 + 10
Why / trap: Symmetric terms around x cancel the linear part; only squares and constants remain.

92. (x+4)2=9 and (y+3)2=25. Min y/x? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2014
(A) -1 (B) -2 (C) -8 (D) -2/7 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) -2
Solution:
(x + 4)2 = 9 ⇒ x + 4 = ±3 ⇒ x = −1 or x = −7
(y + 3)2 = 25 ⇒ y + 3 = ±5 ⇒ y = 2 or y = −8
Possible y/x: 2/(−1) = −2, (−8)/(−1) = 8, 2/(−7) = −2/7, (−8)/(−7) = 8/7
∴ Minimum value of y/x = −2
Why / trap: Take both square roots (+/-) and test every combination; the most negative ratio wins.

C12 · Geometry & Mensuration

93. A right-angled triangular field has a hypotenuse of 13 metres and a base of 5 metres. What is the area of the
field in square metres? [EASY] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)
(A) 60 (B) 65 (C) 30 (D) 45 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 30
Solution:
Here, hypotenuse = 13 m and base = 5 m
By Pythagoras, height = √(132 − 52) = √(169 − 25) = √144 = 12 m
∴ Area = (1/2) × base × height = (1/2) × 5 × 12 = 30 square metres
Why / trap: In a right triangle the two legs are the base and height; the hypotenuse is not used for area.

94. A rectangular area of 16 m by 12 m is surrounded by a road 3 m wide on all sides. What is the area of the
road? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA (IBA-set)
(A) 78 m2 (B) 132 m2
(C) 204 m2 (D) 216 m2
(E) None of these
Answer: (C) 204 m2
Solution:
Inner rectangle = 16 × 12 = 192 m2
A 3 m road on all sides adds 2 × 3 = 6 m to each dimension
Outer rectangle = (16 + 6) × (12 + 6) = 22 × 18 = 396 m2
∴ Area of the road = 396 − 192 = 204 m2
Why / trap: A border of width w adds 2w to each side; road = outer area minus inner area.

Page 34
95. Four equal circles are drawn inside a square (in a 2x2 arrangement, each circle touching its neighbours)
whose perimeter is 32. What is the area of the shaded portion outside the circles? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA (IBA-
set)
(A) 32 − 16π (B) 64 − 16π (C) 64 − 32π (D) 32π – 32 (E) 64π – 64
Answer: (B) 64 - 16π
Solution:
Square perimeter = 32 ⇒ side = 32/4 = 8
In a 2×2 packing, 2 × diameter = 8 ⇒ diameter = 4 ⇒ radius = 2
Area of 4 circles = 4 × π × 22 = 16π
Area of the square = 82 = 64
∴ Shaded area outside the circles = 64 − 16π
Why / trap: In a 2x2 packing, two circles span the side, so radius = side/4.

96. A rectangular parking area with sides 40 m and 25 m is surrounded by a walkway of uniform width. The
walkway is paved except for a square flowerbed of side 4 m placed at one corner. If the paved area of the
walkway is 568 m2, what is the width of the walkway in metres? [HARD] IBA MBA (IBA-set)
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 4 m
Solution:
Let, the width of the walkway = w
Outer area = (40 + 2w)(25 + 2w); inner parking = 40 × 25 = 1000
According to the question,
(40 + 2w)(25 + 2w) − 1000 − 16 = 568
⇒ (40 + 2w)(25 + 2w) = 1584
⇒ 4w2 + 130w + 1000 = 1584
⇒ 2w2 + 65w − 292 = 0
⇒ w = (−65 + √(652 + 4 × 2 × 292))/4 = (−65 + √6561)/4 = (−65 + 81)/4 = 4
∴ Width of the walkway = 4 m (check: 48 × 33 − 1000 − 16 = 568)
Why / trap: Paved = (outer - inner) - flowerbed; form the quadratic and keep the positive root.

97. Rectangular parking area 40 m × 25 m surrounded by uniform-width walkway. Walkway paved except a 4 m
× 4 m flowerbed at one corner. Paved walkway area = 568 m2. Find width of walkway. [HARD] IBA MBA 2025
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 4 m
Solution:
Let, the walkway width = w
Outer = (40 + 2w)(25 + 2w); inner = 40 × 25 = 1000; flowerbed = 4 × 4 = 16
According to the question,
(40 + 2w)(25 + 2w) − 1000 − 16 = 568
⇒ (40 + 2w)(25 + 2w) = 1584
⇒ 2w2 + 65w − 292 = 0
⇒ w = (−65 + √6561)/4 = (−65 + 81)/4 = 4 (taking the positive root)
∴ Width of the walkway = 4 m

Page 35
Why / trap: Paved = (outer - inner) - flowerbed; solve the quadratic and take the positive width.

98. An equilateral triangle is inscribed in a circle of radius 2. What is the area of the triangle? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA
2023
(A) 2√3 (B) 3√3 (C) 4√3 (D) 6 (E) 6√3
Answer: (B) 3√3
Solution:
For an equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle, side = R√3
Here, R = 2 ⇒ side = 2√3
Area = (√3/4) × side2 = (√3/4) × (2√3)2
= (√3/4) × 12
∴ Area of the triangle = 3√3 square units
Why / trap: Use side = R√3 for an equilateral triangle in a circle, then the (√3/4)×side2 area formula.

99. Distance from centre O to a chord is 5 km; radius is 13 km. Find length of chord. [EASY] IBA MBA 2022
(A) 12 (B) 20 (C) 24 (D) 36 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 24
Solution:
The perpendicular from the centre bisects the chord
So radius (13), distance (5) and half-chord form a right triangle
Half-chord = √(132 − 52) = √(169 − 25) = √144 = 12 km
∴ Length of the chord = 2 × 12 = 24 km
Why / trap: Radius, centre-to-chord distance, and half-chord make a right triangle (5-12-13).

100. In the figure, W = 10°. Find Z. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2022

(A) 75° (B) 80° (C) 85° (D) 90° (E) 95°
Answer: (C) 85 degrees
Solution:
From the figure, W = 10° is the apex angle of an isosceles triangle
Angle sum of a triangle: 2 × (base angle) + 10° = 180°
⇒ base angle = (180° − 10°)/2 = 170°/2 = 85°
∴ Z = 85°
Why / trap: Base angles of an isosceles triangle = (180 - apex)/2; here (180 - 10)/2 = 85.

Page 36
101. The length, width and depth of a rectangular box are 8 ft, 7 ft and 9 ft respectively. A hose supplies water
at 12 cubic feet per minute. How much time (in minutes) would it take to fill a conical box whose volume is
three times the volume of the rectangular box? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2018
(A) 42 (B) 126 (C) 205 (D) 235 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 126 minutes
Solution:
Here, box volume = length × width × depth = 8 × 7 × 9 = 504 cubic ft
Then, conical box volume = 3 × 504 = 1512 cubic ft
∴ Time to fill = volume / flow rate = 1512 / 12 = 126 minutes
Why / trap: You never need the cone formula; its volume is given as 3x the box, so just divide by the flow rate.

102. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2022

Which represents the diagonal d of a square with area a?
(A) d = a2 (B) d = √(2a) (C) d = 2√a (D) d = a√2 (E) d = a√3
Answer: (B) d = √(2a)
Solution:
Let, the side of the square be s
Then, area a = s2 ⇒ s = √a
We know, diagonal of a square = side × √2
⇒ d = s√2 = √a × √2 = √(2a)
∴ d = √(2a)
Why / trap: a is the area, not the side; convert to side √a first, then multiply by √2.

103. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2016

In the figure, C is the midpoint of BD and the area of triangle ACD is 12 sq cm. If CD = 4 cm, what is the length
of AB in cm? (AB ⊥ BD)

(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 12 (E) None of these

Answer: (B) 6 cm
Solution:
Here, AB ⊥ BD, so AB is the height of triangle ACD on base CD
We know, area of a triangle = 1/2 × base × height
⇒ 12 = 1/2 × 4 × AB
⇒ 12 = 2 × AB

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⇒ AB = 6
∴ AB = 6 cm (the midpoint fact is a distractor)
Why / trap: The perpendicular AB is the height for any triangle whose base sits on line BD, so base CD and the area are
enough.

104. [EASY] IBA MBA 2006

Ratio of side of a square to its perimeter?
(A) 1:1 (B) 1:2 (C) 1:3 (D) 1:4 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 1:4
Solution:
Let, the side of the square be s
Then, perimeter = 4 × side = 4s
∴ Side : perimeter = s : 4s = 1 : 4
Why / trap: A square's perimeter is always 4x its side, so the ratio is 1:4 regardless of size.

C11 · Work·Pipe·Cistern
105. [MEDIUM] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)
Machines A, B and C together finish a job in 4 hours. Machines B and C working together finish the same job in
5 hours. How many hours will machine A take to finish the job alone?
(A) 6 (B) 12 (C) 18 (D) 20 (E) 21
Answer: (D) 20 hours
Solution:
Here, (A + B + C)'s 1 hour's work = 1/4
and (B + C)'s 1 hour's work = 1/5
A's 1 hour's work = 1/4 − 1/5 = 5/20 − 4/20 = 1/20
∴ Machine A alone takes 20 hours
Why / trap: Subtract the (B+C) rate from the (A+B+C) rate to isolate A's rate.

106. [MEDIUM] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

A tank is filled by pipe A in 24 minutes and by pipe B in 32 minutes. Both pipes are opened together. After how
many minutes must pipe B be closed so that the tank is exactly full in 18 minutes?
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) 12
Answer: (D) 8 minutes
Solution:
In 1 minute, pipe A fills 1/24 and pipe B fills 1/32 of the tank
A runs the full 18 minutes: A fills 18/24 = 3/4 of the tank
Remaining part for B = 1 − 3/4 = 1/4
⇒ B's running time = (1/4) / (1/32) = 32/4 = 8
∴ Pipe B must be closed after 8 minutes
Why / trap: The pipe that runs the full time (A) fixes most of the fill; solve for the other pipe's on-time from the leftover.

107. [MEDIUM] NSI AD 2025 (IBA-set)

Page 38
Amir and Hannan working together can finish a job in 3 hours. Working alone, Hannan takes 3 times as long as
Amir. How long does Hannan take to finish the job alone?
(A) 6 (B) 12 (C) 14 (D) 16 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 12 hours
Solution:
Let, Amir alone take a hours; then Hannan takes 3a hours
Combined 1 hour's work = 1/a + 1/(3a) = 3/(3a) + 1/(3a) = 4/(3a)
According to the question,
4/(3a) = 1/3
⇒ 3a = 12
⇒a=4
∴ Hannan alone takes 3a = 12 hours
Why / trap: Set the slower worker's time as a multiple of the faster one's, then apply the combined-rate equation.

108. [MEDIUM] BCIC AM 2025 (IBA-set)

Printer P, Printer Q and Printer R can print a batch of flyers in 4, 8 and 16 hours respectively. How many Printer
R units are needed, along with one Printer P and three Printer Q, to complete the batch in 1 hour?
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 12 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 6 units
Solution:
Hourly rates: P = 1/4, Q = 1/8, R = 1/16 of the batch
One P and three Q give 1/4 + 3 × 1/8 = 4/16 + 6/16 = 10/16
To finish in 1 hour, the combined rate must be 1
⇒ Rate needed from R units = 1 − 10/16 = 6/16
⇒ n × 1/16 = 6/16 ⇒ n = 6
∴ 6 Printer R units are needed
Why / trap: Convert every rate to the same denominator (16) and count how many R-units fill the gap up to 1.

109. [HARD] NSI AD 2025 (IBA-set)

A team of workers is asked to finish a project. After 16 days, 25% of the workers leave. The remaining workers
then take the same number of days to finish the rest of the work that the original team would have taken to
complete the entire project. In how many days was the project finally completed?
(A) 45 (B) 56 (C) 72 (D) 80 (E) 90
Answer: (D) 80 days
Solution:
Let, original team = N workers, full-job time = T days
Then, total work = NT worker-days
In first 16 days, work done = 16N ⇒ work left = N(T − 16)
After 25% leave, workers remaining = 0.75N
According to the question,
N(T − 16)/(0.75N) = T
⇒ T − 16 = 0.75T ⇒ 0.25T = 16 ⇒ T = 64
∴ Total time = 16 + 64 = 80 days

Page 39
Why / trap: Work is measured in worker-days; cutting the crew to 0.75 stretches the leftover work by dividing by 0.75.

110. [HARD] IBA MBA 68 (IBA-set)

Two servers, Alpha and Beta, work simultaneously at constant speeds and process two-thirds of a dataset in 1
hour 20 minutes. Then Alpha crashes and Beta alone processes the remaining data in 50 minutes. How many
hours would Alpha alone have taken to process the entire dataset?
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 12 (E) 14
Answer: (C) 10 hours
Solution:
Here, 1 hr 20 min = 80 min
Combined rate = (2/3)/80 = 1/120 of the data per minute
Beta's rate = (1/3)/50 = 1/150 per minute
Alpha's rate = 1/120 − 1/150 = 5/600 − 4/600 = 1/600 per minute
∴ Alpha alone takes 600 minutes = 10 hours
Why / trap: Find the combined rate and Beta's rate separately, then subtract to isolate Alpha's rate.

111. [MEDIUM] NSI AD 2025 (IBA-set)

A rectangular tank measuring 80 cm x 60 cm x 15 cm can be filled by tap A at 680 cm3 every 2 minutes and
emptied by tap B at 140 cm3 every minute. If both taps are opened at 2:30 pm, at what time will the tank be one-
third full?
(A) 3:45 pm (B) 4:15 pm (C) 4:30 pm (D) 5:15 pm (E) 5:30 pm
Answer: (C) 4:30 pm
Solution:
Tank volume = 80 × 60 × 15 = 72,000 cm 3; one-third = 24,000 cm3
Tap A fills 680/2 = 340 cm3/min; tap B drains 140 cm3/min
Net fill rate = 340 − 140 = 200 cm3/min
⇒ Time = 24,000 / 200 = 120 min = 2 hours
∴ Tank is one-third full at 2:30 pm + 2 hours = 4:30 pm
Why / trap: Convert A's rate to per-minute first, subtract the drain, then divide the target volume by the net rate.

112. [HARD] IBA MBA (IBA-set)

Workers A, B and C can individually complete a task in 30, 15 and 10 days respectively. A starts the task alone;
B helps A on every 2nd day of each three-day cycle and C helps on every 3rd day. On which day will the task be
completed?
(A) 10th (B) 12th (C) 14th (D) 15th (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 12th day
Solution:
Daily rates: A = 1/30, B = 1/15, C = 1/10 of the task
Cycle: Day 1 (A) = 1/30; Day 2 (A+B) = 3/30; Day 3 (A+C) = 4/30
Work per 3-day cycle = 8/30 ⇒ after 3 cycles (9 days), 24/30 done
Day 10 (A): 24/30 + 1/30 = 25/30; Day 11 (A+B): 25/30 + 3/30 = 28/30
Day 12 (A+C) supplies the remaining 2/30
∴ The task is completed on the 12th day

Page 40
Why / trap: Sum one full cycle, repeat it, then step day-by-day through the final partial cycle.

113. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA (IBA-set)

A is twice as good a workman as B and is therefore able to finish a job in 18 days less than B. In how many days
can they finish the job working together?
(A) 8 (B) 6 (C) 12 (D) 18 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 12 days
Solution:
Let, B take b days; A is twice as good, so A takes b/2 days
According to the question,
b − b/2 = 18
⇒ b/2 = 18 ⇒ b = 36; so B = 36 days and A = 18 days
Together, 1 day's work = 1/18 + 1/36 = 2/36 + 1/36 = 3/36 = 1/12
∴ Working together they finish the job in 12 days
Why / trap: Twice as good = half the time; the 18-day gap equals half of B's time.

114. [HARD] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

A team of 2 men and 5 women completed one-fourth of a project in 3 days. Then one woman left and one man
joined; this new team of 3 men and 4 women completed another one-fourth in 2 days. How many days will 4
men take to complete the whole project alone?
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 12 (D) 24 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 6 days
Solution:
Let, a man's daily rate = m and a woman's daily rate = w
Phase 1: (2m + 5w) × 3 = 1/4 ⇒ 2m + 5w = 1/12
Phase 2: (3m + 4w) × 2 = 1/4 ⇒ 3m + 4w = 1/8
⇒ 6m + 15w = 1/4 and 6m + 8w = 1/4
Subtracting, 7w = 0 ⇒ w = 0 and 2m = 1/12 ⇒ m = 1/24
4 men's daily rate = 4/24 = 1/6
∴ 4 men complete the whole project in 6 days
Why / trap: Set up two rate equations and eliminate a variable; here the algebra shows the men carry all the work (w = 0).

115. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2025

Asif completes 40% in 10 days; Baset completes 60% in 12 days. They work together 8 days, then Chopol
finishes remaining in 7 days. How long for all three together to do 52% of project?
(A) 2.5 days (B) 3 days (C) 3.5 days (D) 4 days (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 4 days
Solution:
Asif's rate = 40%/10 = 4% per day; Baset's rate = 60%/12 = 5% per day
In 8 days together, work done = (4 + 5)% × 8 = 72% ⇒ remaining = 28%
Chopol's rate = 28%/7 = 4% per day
All three together = 4% + 5% + 4% = 13% per day
∴ Time for 52% = 52/13 = 4 days

Page 41
Why / trap: Back out Chopol's rate from the leftover work, then add all three rates for the final part.

C06 · Profit·Loss·Interest & Discount

116. [MEDIUM] BCIC AM 2025 (IBA-set)
The cost of 18 articles is the same as the selling price of n articles. If the profit is 20%, then what is the value of
n?
(A) 23 (B) 21 (C) 15 (D) 14 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) n = 15
Solution:
Let, cost price per article = C and selling price per article = S
At 20% profit, S = 1.2C
According to the question,
18C = nS
⇒ 18C = n × 1.2C
⇒ n = 18/1.2 = 15
∴ n = 15
Why / trap: When 'cost of X items = SP of Y items', n = X / (1 + profit rate) = 18 / 1.2.

117. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA (IBA-set)

Babu imports pens and sells them at a profit of 80%. However, due to a recent change in the dollar exchange
rate, his import cost has increased by 20%. If he does not change his selling price, what should be his profit
now?
(A) 40% (B) 48% (C) 50% (D) 52% (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 50%
Solution:
Let, the original import cost be Tk. 100
Then, selling price at 80% profit = Tk. 180
New cost = 100 × 1.2 = Tk. 120; selling price stays Tk. 180
New profit = 180 − 120 = Tk. 60
∴ New profit % = 60/120 × 100% = 50%
Why / trap: Fix cost at 100, keep the SP unchanged, then recompute profit on the higher new cost.

118. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA (IBA-set)

Anwar bought a pen and sold it at 10% profit. If the purchase price had been 10% less and the selling price Tk 5
less, he would have made a profit of 20%. What was the cost of the pen?
(A) Tk 200 (B) Tk 250 (C) Tk 300 (D) Tk 350 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) Tk 250
Solution:
Let, the cost of the pen be Tk. C
Then, selling price at 10% profit = 1.1C
New cost = 0.9C and new selling price = 1.1C − 5
According to the question,

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1.1C − 5 = 1.2 × 0.9C = 1.08C
⇒ 0.02C = 5
⇒ C = 250
∴ The cost of the pen = Tk. 250
Why / trap: Express both selling prices in terms of C and set the reduced SP equal to 1.2 x the reduced cost.

119. [HARD] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

A trader paid Tk 300 for a shipment of x identical pens. He gave two pens away free and sold each remaining
pen for Tk 5 more than the average cost of the pens. If the total revenue from the sale was Tk 120 more than the
cost of the shipment, how many pens were in the shipment?
(A) 20 (B) 24 (C) 25 (D) 30 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 30 pens
Solution:
Here, average cost per pen = 300/x
Selling price per pen = 300/x + 5; pens sold = x − 2
According to the question,
(x − 2)(300/x + 5) = 300 + 120 = 420
⇒ 290 + 5x − 600/x = 420
⇒ 5x − 600/x = 130 ⇒ 5x2 − 130x − 600 = 0
⇒ x2 − 26x − 120 = 0 ⇒ (x − 30)(x + 4) = 0
∴ x = 30 pens (taking the positive root)
Why / trap: Translate 'Tk 5 above average cost' and 'two free' into one equation, then solve the quadratic.

120. [HARD] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

A customer asked a shop manager for a 20% discount on the listed price of a pen, and also asked for two pens
free for every 10 pens purchased. The manager agreed because he could still make a 20% profit on cost price. If
the cost price of a pen is x, what was the listed price of the pen?
(A) 1.75x (B) 1.8x (C) 1.9x (D) 2x (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 1.8x
Solution:
Let, the listed price be L and cost per pen = x
At 20% discount, each paid pen fetches 0.8L
For every 10 pens paid, 12 pens are delivered (2 free)
Revenue = 10 × 0.8L = 8L; cost of pens delivered = 12x
According to the question,
8L = 1.2 × 12x = 14.4x
∴ L = 14.4x/8 = 1.8x
Why / trap: Count paid pens (10) for revenue but delivered pens (12) for cost, since the free pens still cost the seller.

121. [MEDIUM] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

An enterprise makes each lunch packet for Tk 75 and supplies a total of 150 packets to an office. If two-thirds of
the packets are sold for Tk 150 each and the rest for Tk 200 each, what is the total profit in Taka?
(A) 10,250 (B) 12,750 (C) 13,750 (D) 16,500 (E) 18,525

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Answer: (C) Tk 13,750
Solution:
Total cost = 150 × 75 = Tk. 11,250
Two-thirds of 150 = 100 packets at Tk. 150 = Tk. 15,000
Remaining 50 packets at Tk. 200 = Tk. 10,000
Total revenue = 15,000 + 10,000 = Tk. 25,000
∴ Profit = 25,000 − 11,250 = Tk. 13,750
Why / trap: Split the sales into the two price groups, total the revenue, then subtract total cost.

122. [MEDIUM] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

A shopkeeper sells a product at a 35% discount for Tk 195. If he instead wants to sell it at a 25% discount, what
should the selling price be (in Taka)?
(A) 215 (B) 220 (C) 235 (D) 245 (E) None of these
Answer: (E) Tk 225 (None of these)
Solution:
Let, the list price be Tk. L
At 35% discount, price paid = 65% of list: 0.65L = 195
⇒ L = 195/0.65 = 300
At 25% discount, price = 0.75 × 300 = Tk. 225
∴ Tk. 225 is not among options A–D, so (E) None of these
Why / trap: Recover the list price from the first discount, apply the second, then check options before choosing E.

123. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2024

Anwar bought a pen and sold at 10% profit. If the purchase price had been 10% less and the selling price Tk. 5
less, he would have made 20% profit. What was the original cost?
(A) Tk. 200 (B) Tk. 250 (C) Tk. 300 (D) Tk. 350 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) Tk 250
Solution:
Let, the original cost be Tk. C
Then, selling price at 10% profit = 1.1C
New cost = 0.9C and new selling price = 1.1C − 5
According to the question,
1.1C − 5 = 1.2 × 0.9C = 1.08C
⇒ 0.02C = 5
⇒ C = 250
∴ The original cost = Tk. 250
Why / trap: Same 'reduced-cost, reduced-price' setup: equate the new SP to 1.2 x the new cost.

124. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2020

Nadia can buy a pen at the cost of Tk. 1. During a promotional event, she gets a 40% discount on the cost of the
2nd pen when she buys 2 pens together. How many pens can she buy during that event with Tk. 80?
(A) 96 (B) 100 (C) 106 (D) 112 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 100 pens

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Solution:
In each pair: 1st pen = Tk. 1, 2nd pen at 40% off = Tk. 0.60
⇒ Cost per pair = 1 + 0.60 = Tk. 1.60
Pairs affordable with Tk. 80 = 80/1.60 = 50
∴ Total pens = 50 × 2 = 100
Why / trap: The discount applies only to the 2nd pen of each pair, so price the pens per pair (Tk 1.60).

125. [EASY] IBA MBA 2020

If an amount kept for a year gives 12.5% interest, then in how many years will the cumulative interest equal the
principal amount? (Simple interest)
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) None of these
Answer: (E) 8 years (None of these)
Solution:
Simple interest each year = 12.5% of P = 0.125P
According to the question,
0.125P × t = P
⇒ t = 1/0.125 = 8 years
∴ 8 is not among options A–D, so (E) None of these
Why / trap: For simple interest, years for interest to equal principal = 100 / rate% = 100 / 12.5 = 8.

126. [EASY] Capstone (authored)

A man deposits Tk. 12,000 in a bank that pays simple interest at 9% per annum. What total amount will he
receive after 3 years?
(A) Tk. 3,240 (B) Tk. 15,240
(C) Tk. 14,760 (D) Tk. 16,240
(E) None of these
Answer: (B) Tk. 15,240
Solution:
Here, P = Tk. 12,000, R = 9% per annum, T = 3 years
We know, SI = (P × R × T)/100
⇒ SI = (12000 × 9 × 3)/100 = 324000/100 = Tk. 3,240
∴ Total amount = 12,000 + 3,240 = Tk. 15,240
Why / trap: Simple interest asks for the total amount, so add the principal back instead of stopping at the interest.

127. [MEDIUM] Capstone (authored)

Tk. 20,000 is invested at 10% per annum compound interest, compounded annually. What is the compound
interest after 2 years?
(A) Tk. 4,000 (B) Tk. 4,200
(C) Tk. 4,410 (D) Tk. 24,200
(E) None of these
Answer: (B) Tk. 4,200
Solution:

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Here, P = Tk. 20,000, R = 10% per annum, T = 2 years
We know, Amount = P(1 + R/100)T
⇒ Amount = 20,000 × (1.1)2 = 20,000 × 1.21 = Tk. 24,200
∴ CI = 24,200 − 20,000 = Tk. 4,200
Why / trap: Compound interest earns interest on interest; subtract the principal to get CI, and do not report the full amount.

C10 · Time·Distance·Speed·Train·Boat
128. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 67 (IBA-set)
Nabil ran the first 5 km of a 10 km race at a constant 12 km/h. If she finished the entire 10 km in 55 minutes, at
what constant speed (in km/h) did she run the last 5 km?
(A) 12 (B) 11 (C) 10 (D) 9 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 10 km/h
Solution:
Here, total time = 55 minutes
Time for first 5 km = 5/12 h = 25 minutes
⇒ Time for last 5 km = 55 − 25 = 30 minutes = 0.5 h
∴ Speed of the last 5 km = 5/0.5 = 10 km/h
Why / trap: Keep the time units consistent (convert minutes to hours) before dividing distance by time.

129. [HARD] IBA MBA 67 (IBA-set)

Zahir covers 58 km in 6.5 hours by travelling 48 km by cycle and the rest on foot. He needs 80 minutes more to
cover the same 58 km if he cycles 40 km and walks the rest. Find the ratio of his cycling speed to his walking
speed.
(A) 5:2 (B) 3:1 (C) 7:3 (D) 8:5 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 3:1
Solution:
Let, cycling speed = c km/h and walking speed = w km/h
According to the question,
48/c + 10/w = 6.5 ... (1)
40/c + 18/w = 6.5 + 80/60 = 6.5 + 4/3 ... (2)
Subtracting (1) from (2): 8/w − 8/c = 4/3
⇒ 1/w − 1/c = 1/6
Putting 1/w = 1/c + 1/6 in (1): 58/c + 10/6 = 6.5 ⇒ c = 12, w = 4
∴ c : w = 12 : 4 = 3 : 1
Why / trap: Two unknown speeds need two time-equations; subtracting them cancels the shared total and isolates the
speeds.

130. [MEDIUM] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

Jack travelled from home to office at an average of 40 km/h and drove back along the same road at 60 km/h. If
he spent a total of 2 hours travelling, what is the total distance (in km) that Jack travelled?
(A) 48 (B) 60 (C) 96 (D) 108 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 96 km

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Solution:
Let, the one-way distance be d km
According to the question,
d/40 + d/60 = 2
⇒ (3d + 2d)/120 = 2
⇒ 5d/120 = 2 ⇒ d = 48
∴ Total distance = 2 × 48 = 96 km
Why / trap: The question wants the total (both-way) distance, which is twice the one-way value; do not stop at 48.

131. [MEDIUM] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

A 250-metre-long train passes a person in 10 seconds. The person is running at 5 km/h in the direction opposite
to the train. What is the speed of the train in km/h?
(A) 50 (B) 55 (C) 75 (D) 85 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 85 km/h
Solution:
Relative speed = train length/time = 250 m / 10 s = 25 m/s
⇒ 25 × 18/5 = 90 km/h
Opposite directions, so train speed + 5 = 90
∴ Train speed = 90 − 5 = 85 km/h
Why / trap: Opposite motion adds speeds; the 25 m/s is the combined speed, so subtract the runner's 5 km/h.

132. [MEDIUM] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

Rowing downstream, Bimol travels at 40 metres/minute and reaches his destination in 15 minutes. Returning
upstream, he takes 50 minutes to reach the starting point. What is the speed of the current, in metres per
minute?
(A) 9 (B) 12 (C) 14 (D) 15 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 14 m/min
Solution:
Distance = 40 × 15 = 600 m
Upstream speed = 600/50 = 12 m/min
We know, current = (downstream − upstream)/2
∴ Speed of the current = (40 − 12)/2 = 14 m/min
Why / trap: Current speed equals half the difference between downstream and upstream speeds.

133. [MEDIUM] NSI AD 2025 (IBA-set)

Mr. Farhan and Mr. Rafiq start walking along a circular track from opposite directions at 6:30 am, at 2 rounds per
hour and 3 rounds per hour respectively. How many times will they cross each other by 8:00 am?
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8 (E) 9
Answer: (C) 7 times
Solution:
Time from 6:30 am to 8:00 am = 1.5 hours
Opposite directions, so relative rate = 2 + 3 = 5 rounds/hour
Relative rounds covered = 5 × 1.5 = 7.5

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∴ Number of crossings = whole-number part of 7.5 = 7
Why / trap: Opposite directions: add the rates; the crossing count is the integer part of the relative rounds covered.

134. [HARD] IBA MBA 2025

Transcontinental travels at avg 100 km/h with 10-min break every 80 km. Novo Local 50 km/h with 2-min break
every 20 km. Starting together, how far has Novo travelled when Transcontinental has done 800 km?
(A) 350 km (B) 392 km (C) 440 km (D) 515 km (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 440 km
Solution:
Transcontinental: driving time = 800/100 = 8 h = 480 min
Breaks after 80, 160, ..., 720 km ⇒ 9 breaks × 10 min = 90 min (none at 800 km)
⇒ Total time = 480 + 90 = 570 min
Novo: each 20 km takes 20/50 h = 24 min + 2 min break = 26 min
In 570 min: 21 cycles = 21 × 26 = 546 min ⇒ 21 × 20 = 420 km
Remaining 570 − 546 = 24 min is pure driving = 20 km more (no break due)
∴ Novo has travelled 420 + 20 = 440 km
Why / trap: Count breaks carefully (none at the final stop) and stop Novo's clock exactly on time; the leftover 24 min is all
driving, no break.

135. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2021

Two trains start at the same time from opposite stations and cross each other en route 12 hours after starting.
The 1st train reaches its destination 9 hours after the crossing; the 2nd train takes 16 hours after the crossing.
After how many hours from the start have BOTH trains reached their destinations?
(A) 21 hours (B) 25 hours (C) 28 hours (D) 31 hours (E) 44 hours
Answer: (C) 28 hours
Solution:
First train: total time = 12 + 9 = 21 hours
Second train: total time = 12 + 16 = 28 hours
Both trains are done when the later one finishes = max(21, 28)
∴ Both trains have reached after 28 hours
Why / trap: Everything finishes when the slower, later-arriving train reaches its destination; take the maximum, not the sum.

136. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2023

K runs twice as fast as L. M runs at 1/4 the speed of L. Starting together, after some time, distance between K
and M is 98 km. What is the total distance they have covered (sum of all three)?
(A) 168 km (B) 175 km (C) 182 km (D) 196 km (E) 210 km
Answer: (C) 182 km
Solution:
Let, L's speed = 4 units; then K = 8 units and M = 1 unit
In equal time, distances K : L : M = 8x : 4x : x
According to the question,
8x − x = 98 ⇒ 7x = 98 ⇒ x = 14
∴ Total distance = 8x + 4x + x = 13x = 13 × 14 = 182 km

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Why / trap: Choose units so every speed is an integer (L = 4); the K–M gap of 7x = 98 unlocks the rest.

C02 · Fractions·Decimals·Exponents·Surds
137. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 68 (IBA-set)
If (257.5×52.5) / 1251.5 = 5x, the value of x is:
(A) 8 (B) 11 (C) 13 (D) 14 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 13
Solution:
257.5 = (52)7.5 = 515 and 1251.5 = (53)1.5 = 54.5
Numerator = 515 × 52.5 = 517.5
⇒ 517.5 / 54.5 = 517.5 − 4.5 = 513
∴ x = 13
Why / trap: Get a common base (5) first, then it is just adding and subtracting exponents.

138. [MEDIUM] NSI AD 2025 (IBA-set)

Which of the following is the largest?
(A) 227 (B) 1253 (C) 518 (D) 44×1024 (E) 279
Answer: (E) 279
Solution:
1253 = (53)3 = 59 and 44 × 1024 = 28 × 210 = 218
Candidates: 227, 59, 518, 218, 279
518 ≈ 1012.6 while 279 ≈ 1023.8
∴ The largest is 279
Why / trap: Reduce to common bases or logs; a huge exponent on base 2 (279) easily beats moderate exponents on base
5.

139. [MEDIUM] NSI AD 2025 (IBA-set)

If 2x + 2y = 222, what is the value of x + y?
(A) 39 (B) 40 (C) 41 (D) 42 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 42
Solution:
2x + 2y = 222 (a single power of 2) forces x = y
Then 2x + 2x = 2 × 2x = 2x+1
⇒ 2x+1 = 222 ⇒ x + 1 = 22 ⇒ x = 21, y = 21
∴ x + y = 21 + 21 = 42
Why / trap: 2a + 2b collapses into a clean single power of 2 only when a = b, giving 2a+1.

140. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2025

If 257.5 × 52.5 / 1251.5 = 5x, find x.
(A) 8 (B) 11 (C) 13 (D) 14 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 13

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Solution:
257.5 = (52)7.5 = 515 and 1251.5 = (53)1.5 = 54.5
Numerator = 515 × 52.5 = 517.5
⇒ 517.5 / 54.5 = 517.5 − 4.5 = 513
∴ x = 13
Why / trap: Same as the earlier index problem: common base 5, then combine the exponents.

141. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2016

Apu took 3/5 of the marbles kept in a box. His younger brother took another 3/5 of the remaining marbles. Then
his sister took another 3/5 of the remaining marbles. What fraction of the marbles is left in the box?
(A) 8/125 (B) 11/125 (C) 13/125 (D) 17/125 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 8/125
Solution:
Each taking of 3/5 leaves 2/5 of the current amount
After Apu: 2/5 left
After the brother: 2/5 × 2/5 = 4/25 left
After the sister: 4/25 × 2/5 = 8/125 left
∴ Fraction of marbles left = (2/5)3 = 8/125
Why / trap: Taking 3/5 leaves 2/5; three successive takings give (2/5)3 = 8/125 — multiply, do not subtract.

C14 · Series·Calendar·Clock
142. [EASY] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)
What is the sum of the series 23, 25, 27, ..., 45?
(A) 405 (B) 406 (C) 407 (D) 408 (E) 409
Answer: (D) 408
Solution:
Here, first term = 23, last term = 45, common difference = 2
Number of terms n = (45 − 23)/2 + 1 = 12
Sum = (n/2)(first + last) = (12/2)(23 + 45)
= 6 × 68
= 408
Why / trap: For evenly spaced numbers, average the first and last term and multiply by the count.

143. [EASY] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

What is the next term of the series 4, 5, 7, 11, 19, 35, ...?
(A) 67 (B) 68 (C) 69 (D) 73 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 67
Solution:
Series: 4, 5, 7, 11, 19, 35, ...
Differences: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 — each double the previous (powers of 2)
⇒ Next difference = 32
∴ Next term = 35 + 32 = 67

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Why / trap: The gaps double each step, so add the next power of 2.

144. [MEDIUM] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

Following a special pattern, what is the next number in the series 1, 3, 6, 11, 18, 29, 42, ...?
(A) 59 (B) 66 (C) 64 (D) 72 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 59
Solution:
Series: 1, 3, 6, 11, 18, 29, 42, ...
Differences: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 — consecutive primes
⇒ Next difference = next prime = 17
∴ Next term = 42 + 17 = 59
Why / trap: The added values are the primes in order; the trap is assuming a constant arithmetic gap.

145. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2025

Kindle egg candy costs Tk. 10 each; seller offers 1 free candy for every 2 returned shells. With Tk. 80, how
many candies can a boy get?
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 14 (D) 15 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 15 candies
Solution:
Cash: 80/10 = 8 candies ⇒ 8 shells
8 shells ⇒ 4 candies (4 new shells)
4 shells ⇒ 2 candies (2 shells); 2 shells ⇒ 1 candy (1 shell)
1 shell left — not enough to redeem again
∴ Total candies = 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 15
Why / trap: Do not stop after the first exchange — each redemption creates new shells that keep the chain going.

146. [HARD] IBA MBA 2022

Sequence a is 5, 8, 11, … (common difference 3) and sequence b is 3, 7, 11, … (common difference 4). How
many numbers less than or equal to 100 appear in both sequences?
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9 (E) 12
Answer: (C) 8
Solution:
Sequence a: 5, 8, 11, ... (step 3); sequence b: 3, 7, 11, ... (step 4)
First common term = 11; common terms repeat every LCM(3, 4) = 12
Common terms ≤ 100: 11, 23, 35, 47, 59, 71, 83, 95
∴ 8 numbers appear in both sequences
Why / trap: Common terms repeat every LCM of the two differences (12 here); list them within the given bound and count.

C09 · Probability
147. [EASY] IBA MBA (IBA-set)
A jar contains 60 jelly beans — 40 white beans, Y yellow beans, R red beans, and P purple beans. If a jelly bean
is chosen at random, the probability that it is neither red nor purple is 0.85. What is the value of Y?

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(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 11 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 11
Solution:
Neither red nor purple means white or yellow
According to the question,
(40 + Y)/60 = 0.85
⇒ 40 + Y = 0.85 × 60 = 51
∴ Y = 51 − 40 = 11
Why / trap: 'Neither red nor purple' is the complement — just the white+yellow count over the total of 60.

148. [HARD] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

If the average of 5 positive integers is 40 and the difference between the largest and the smallest of these 5
numbers is 10, what is the maximum possible value of the largest of these 5 integers?
(A) 44 (B) 48 (C) 50 (D) 52 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 48
Solution:
Sum of the 5 integers = 5 × 40 = 200
Let, the smallest be s; then the largest = s + 10
To maximize the largest, set the other four equal to s
⇒ 4s + (s + 10) = 200
⇒ 5s = 190 ⇒ s = 38
∴ Largest = 38 + 10 = 48 (check: 38 + 38 + 38 + 38 + 48 = 200, range 10)
Why / trap: With a fixed sum, maximizing one number means dragging every other number down to the minimum.

149. [HARD] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

Which is the largest four-digit number that, when added to 7700, gives a sum exactly divisible by 22, 25, and 32?
(A) 1100 (B) 2200 (C) 7700 (D) 8800 (E) 9900
Answer: (E) 9900
Solution:
22 = 2 × 11, 25 = 52, 32 = 25
⇒ LCM = 25 × 52 × 11 = 8800
Need 7700 + N to be a multiple of 8800, with N four-digit (1000–9999)
Multiple 8800 ⇒ N = 1100; multiple 17600 ⇒ N = 9900
∴ Largest four-digit N = 17600 − 7700 = 9900
Why / trap: Divisible by all three means divisible by their LCM (8800); then choose the largest valid four-digit N.

C08 · Permutation & Combination

150. [HARD] IBA MBA 2018
a, b, c, d, e are five consecutive integers in increasing order. Which one of the following expressions is NOT
odd?
(A) a + b + c (B) ab + c (C) ab + d (D) ac + e (E) None of these
Answer: (D) ac + e (always even)

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Solution:
Let, the five consecutive integers be n, n+1, n+2, n+3, n+4
Option (D): ac + e = n(n+2) + (n+4)
n even: even + even = even; n odd: odd + odd = even
So ac + e is even for every n
Options (A) 3n + 3, (B) and (C) each become odd for some n
∴ The expression that is never odd is ac + e
Why / trap: Test both parities of the starting integer; odd×odd + odd is still even, so ac + e is always even.

Page 53
PART C

Extra Practice
TIER-1 SPEED PACK
C07 · Ratio/Mixture/Partnership/Age
151. Ratio of giraffes to zebras = 37:43. If there are 300 more zebras than giraffes, how many giraffes are
there? [EASY] IBA MBA 2024
(A) 1560 (B) 1850 (C) 2060 (D) 2150 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 1850 giraffes
Solution:
Let, giraffes = 37k and zebras = 43k
Then, zebras − giraffes = 43k − 37k = 6k
According to the question,
⇒ 6k = 300
⇒ k = 50
∴ Number of giraffes = 37k = 37 × 50 = 1850
Why / trap: The surplus 300 equals the difference of ratio parts (6k), not a single part.

152. [EASY] IBA MBA 2024

A bag has notes of Tk. 2, 5, 10. Ratio of VALUES (not counts) of these notes is 7:2:3. Total money is Tk. 360.
How many Tk. 5 notes are in the bag?
(A) 9 (B) 12 (C) 15 (D) 18 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 12 notes
Solution:
Given, ratio of VALUES of Tk. 2, 5, 10 notes = 7 : 2 : 3
Total value parts = 7 + 2 + 3 = 12
⇒ 1 part = 360/12 = Tk. 30
Value in Tk. 5 notes = 2 × 30 = Tk. 60
∴ Number of Tk. 5 notes = 60/5 = 12
Why / trap: Ratio is of values; divide that value block by the note's face value to get the count.

153. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2023

Apples, guavas and oranges in ratio 4:2:3 are distributed equally among 3 friends. What is the minimum number
of guavas?
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 9 (E) 12
Answer: (C) 6 guavas
Solution:
Let, apples = 4k, guavas = 2k, oranges = 3k
Equal distribution among 3 friends ⇒ 4k, 2k, 3k must each be divisible by 3

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Since 4 and 2 are not multiples of 3, k must be a multiple of 3
⇒ Smallest such k = 3
∴ Minimum number of guavas = 2k = 2 × 3 = 6
Why / trap: Each fruit type (not just the total) must split evenly by 3, forcing k to be a multiple of 3.

154. [HARD] IBA MBA 2023

In a club of 1,000 members, each member is either an engineer or a doctor, and 3/5 of the members are male.
The number of male engineers is twice the number of female engineers, and the number of male doctors equals
the number of female doctors. What is the total number of engineers in the club?
(A) 400 (B) 500 (C) 600 (D) 700 (E) 800
Answer: (C) 600 engineers
Solution:
Here, males = (3/5) × 1000 = 600 and females = 1000 − 600 = 400
Let, female engineers = f; then male engineers = 2f
Then, male doctors = 600 − 2f and female doctors = 400 − f
According to the question,
⇒ 600 − 2f = 400 − f
⇒ f = 200
∴ Total engineers = 2f + f = 3f = 3 × 200 = 600
Why / trap: Introduce one variable for female engineers; equating male and female doctor counts pins the engineer total at
600.

155. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2022

Rafi is twice as old as Mahabub; Mahabub is 5/9 of Sania. Their average could be: i. 32, ii. 36, iii. 171?
(A) i + ii + iii (B) i + iii (C) ii (D) i (E) iii
Answer: (D) only i (32)
Solution:
Let, Mahabub = 5t (integer ages force M to be a multiple of 5)
Then, Rafi = 10t and Sania = 9t
Sum of ages = 10t + 5t + 9t = 24t
⇒ Average = 24t/3 = 8t, a multiple of 8
Check: 32 = 8 × 4 — possible; 36 and 171 are not multiples of 8 — fail
∴ Only i (32) is possible
Why / trap: The integer-age constraint forces the average to be a multiple of 8; only 32 qualifies.

156. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2022

The sum of the ages of Dulal and Farid is y years. Dulal is 12 years older than Farid. How many years old will
Farid be y years from now, in terms of y?
(A) y − 6 (B) 2y – 6 (C) y/2 − 6 (D) 3y/2 – 6 (E) 5y/2 – 6
Answer: (D) 3y/2 - 6
Solution:
Let, Farid's present age = F; then Dulal = F + 12
According to the question,

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⇒ F + (F + 12) = y
⇒ 2F = y − 12
⇒ F = y/2 − 6
∴ Farid's age y years from now = (y/2 − 6) + y = 3y/2 − 6
Why / trap: Find the present age first, then add y; the trap is combining y/2 + y into 3y/2.

157. [EASY] IBA MBA 2021

In IBA, the ratio of marketing-major students to finance-major students is 4 : 5. If 2 marketing students switch to
finance, the ratio becomes 2 : 3. How many students are marketing majors (originally)?
(A) 25 (B) 12 (C) 20 (D) 45 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 20 marketing
Solution:
Let, marketing = 4k and finance = 5k
After the switch: marketing = 4k − 2 and finance = 5k + 2
According to the question,
⇒ (4k − 2)/(5k + 2) = 2/3
⇒ 3(4k − 2) = 2(5k + 2)
⇒ 12k − 6 = 10k + 4
⇒ 2k = 10 ⇒ k = 5
∴ Original marketing students = 4k = 4 × 5 = 20
Why / trap: A switch subtracts 2 from marketing AND adds 2 to finance; adjust both sides before solving.

158. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2021

(12/4) of a equals (25/8) of c. What is the ratio a : c?
(A) 24 : 25 (B) 25 : 24 (C) 24 : 26 (D) 24 : 24 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 25 : 24 ⚠ key corrected
Solution:
Given, (12/4) × a = (25/8) × c
⇒ 3a = (25/8)c
⇒ 24a = 25c
⇒ a/c = 25/24
∴ a : c = 25 : 24
(source-key correction: key gave (A) 24:25, reversed; 24a = 25c gives a : c = 25 : 24)
Why / trap: Trap: from 24a = 25c the ratio a:c = 25:24 (coefficients swap sides), not 24:25.

159. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2021

A 24 (units) of solution of water and acid contains 80% acid. How much water should be added to make the acid
concentration 50%?
(A) −14 (B) 0.09 (C) 14.4 (D) −0.8 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 14.4 units
Solution:
Here, acid = 80% of 24 = 19.2 units (unchanged when only water is added)
Let, w units of water be added; new total = 24 + w

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According to the question,
⇒ 19.2/(24 + w) = 0.5
⇒ 24 + w = 19.2/0.5 = 38.4
⇒ w = 14.4
∴ 14.4 units of water must be added
Why / trap: Keep the unchanged quantity (acid) constant while the total grows with added water.

160. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2021

1/4 of M equals 30% of N. 24% of N equals 1/5 of O. What is the ratio O : M?
(A) 5 : 4 (B) 4 : 5 (C) 1 : 1 (D) 3 : 5 (E) 5 : 3
Answer: (C) 1 : 1
Solution:
Given, (1/4)M = 30% of N
⇒ M = 0.30N/0.25 = 1.2N
Again, 24% of N = (1/5)O
⇒ O = 0.24N/0.2 = 1.2N
∴ O : M = 1.2N : 1.2N = 1 : 1
Why / trap: Express both O and M in terms of the shared variable N; they come out equal.

161. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2020

A 16-ounce jar of birdseed is 10% sesame. How much sesame must be added to make the jar 20% sesame?
(Same as Dec 2019 Q18)
(A) 1 ounce (B) 1.6 ounce (C) 2 ounce (D) 2.4 ounce (E) 4 ounce
Answer: (C) 2 ounces
Solution:
Here, sesame = 10% of 16 = 1.6 oz, so non-sesame = 14.4 oz (fixed)
Let, s oz of sesame be added; new total = 16 + s
Then, non-sesame becomes 80% of the jar:
⇒ 14.4 = 0.8(16 + s)
⇒ 16 + s = 14.4/0.8 = 18
⇒s=2
∴ 2 ounces of sesame must be added
Why / trap: Track the constant part (non-sesame): it must drop from 90% to 80% of the jar.

162. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2019

Nahiyan and Moon's salaries were Tk. 43200 and Tk. 28800 respectively. Both their salaries got increased by X,
and now the ratio of their salaries is 7 : 5. Find the value of X.
(A) 5400 (B) 7200 (C) 8800 (D) 12000 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) Tk. 7200
Solution:
Let, the equal raise be Tk. X
According to the question,
⇒ (43200 + X)/(28800 + X) = 7/5

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⇒ 5(43200 + X) = 7(28800 + X)
⇒ 216000 + 5X = 201600 + 7X
⇒ 2X = 14400
∴ X = Tk. 7200
Why / trap: The identical X is added to both salaries; cross-multiply and isolate X.

163. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2018

Pavel's monthly income is Tk. 5250. The ratio of his monthly expenditure to savings is 8 : 7. From next month,
he wants to increase his savings by Tk. 550 while income remains unchanged. What will be the new ratio of
savings to expenditure?
(A) 3 : 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 8 : 7 (D) 4 : 3 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 4 : 3
Solution:
Given, expenditure : savings = 8 : 7, so 15 parts = Tk. 5250
⇒ 1 part = 5250/15 = Tk. 350
Expenditure = 8 × 350 = 2800 and savings = 7 × 350 = 2450
New savings = 2450 + 550 = 3000
New expenditure = 5250 − 3000 = 2250
∴ New savings : expenditure = 3000 : 2250 = 4 : 3
Why / trap: Income is fixed, so increasing savings lowers expenditure by the same amount.

164. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2018

Eight years ago, Zahed was twice as old as Zubair. At present, Zahed is 1.5 times as old as Zubair. Sixteen
years from now, what will be the ratio of Zubair's age to Zahed's age?
(A) 5 : 4 (B) 6 : 5 (C) 5 : 6 (D) 4 : 5 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 4 : 5
Solution:
Let, Zubair's present age = u; then Zahed = 1.5u
According to the question,
⇒ 1.5u − 8 = 2(u − 8)
⇒ 1.5u − 8 = 2u − 16
⇒ 0.5u = 8 ⇒ u = 16
Present ages: Zubair = 16, Zahed = 24
In 16 years: Zubair = 32, Zahed = 40
∴ Required ratio = 32 : 40 = 4 : 5
Why / trap: Use the two conditions to pin present ages, then add 16 to both before taking the ratio.

165. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2017

7 years ago, Samir was 3 times as old as Saurav. In 4 years, Samir will be twice as old as Saurav. What is
Saurav's present age?
(A) 40 years (B) 18 years
(C) 30 years (D) 20 years
(E) None of these

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Answer: (B) 18 years
Solution:
Let, present ages be Samir = s and Saurav = r
7 years ago: s − 7 = 3(r − 7) ⇒ s = 3r − 14
In 4 years: s + 4 = 2(r + 4) ⇒ s = 2r + 4
⇒ 3r − 14 = 2r + 4
⇒ r = 18
∴ Saurav's present age = 18 years
Why / trap: Two time-shifted statements give two equations in s and r; eliminate s to find r.

C01 · Number System

166. [MEDIUM] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)
If x is a positive integer, which of the following must be odd? [IBA MBA (Previous Years)]
(A) x + 1 (B) x⁴ − 4x2
(C) x3 − x + 1 (D) x3 + 2x – 1
(E) None of these
Answer: (C) x3 - x + 1
Solution:
We know, x3 − x = x(x − 1)(x + 1), a product of three consecutive integers
One of any three consecutive integers is even, so x 3 − x is always even
⇒ x3 − x + 1 = even + 1 = odd for every positive integer x
Option (A): x + 1 is even when x is odd — fails
Option (B): x4 − 4x2 = x2(x2 − 4) is even when x is even — fails
Option (D): x3 + 2x − 1 is even when x is odd — fails
∴ Only x3 − x + 1 must be odd
Why / trap: x3 - x is always even (three consecutive integers), so adding 1 guarantees odd.

167. [MEDIUM] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

Which of the following is the smallest, given that x > y > 1? [BIDA AD 2026]
(A) x/y (B) (x + 2)/(y + 2) (C) (x + 1)/(y + 1) (D) (x + 1)/y (E) xy
Answer: (B) (x + 2)/(y + 2)
Solution:
Given, x > y > 1, so x/y > 1
We know, adding the same positive number to top and bottom of a fraction > 1
pulls it toward 1, i.e. decreases it
⇒ (x + 2)/(y + 2) < (x + 1)/(y + 1) < x/y
Also (x + 1)/y > x/y and xy > x/y — neither can be smallest
Check x = 3, y = 2: A = 1.5, B = 1.25, C = 1.33, D = 2, E = 6
∴ (x + 2)/(y + 2) is the smallest
Why / trap: For a fraction above 1, adding equal amounts top and bottom shrinks it toward 1; the biggest equal add (+2)
yields the smallest value.

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168. [MEDIUM] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)
If x = 5√5, y = 7 + √5, and z = 2 + 4√5, then which of the following is correct? [Petro Central AM 2024]
(A) x > y > z (B) x > z > y
(C) y > x > z (D) z > x > y
(E) None of these
Answer: (B) x > z > y
Solution:
Here, √5 ≈ 2.236
x = 5√5 ≈ 5 × 2.236 = 11.18
y = 7 + √5 ≈ 7 + 2.236 = 9.24
z = 2 + 4√5 ≈ 2 + 8.944 = 10.94
⇒ 11.18 > 10.94 > 9.24
∴x>z>y
Why / trap: Approximate √5 = 2.236 and evaluate each expression numerically to rank them.

169. [MEDIUM] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

Find the remainder when 7¹¹ + 7¹¹¹ + 7¹¹¹¹ is divided by 8. [NSI AD 2025]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5 (E) 7
Answer: (D) 5
Solution:
We know, 7 = 8 − 1, so 7 ≡ −1 (mod 8)
⇒ 7n ≡ (−1)n (mod 8); the exponents 11, 111, 1111 are all odd
⇒ each term ≡ −1 ≡ 7 (mod 8)
Sum ≡ 7 + 7 + 7 = 21 (mod 8)
⇒ 21 = 2 × 8 + 5
∴ Remainder = 5
Why / trap: 7 is congruent to -1 mod 8, so each odd power leaves remainder 7; total 21 leaves 5.

170. [MEDIUM] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

If x = 106 × 109 × 111, what is the remainder when x is divided by 15? [IBA MBA (Previous Years)]
(A) 1 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 9 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 9
Solution:
Here, 105 = 7 × 15, so reduce each factor mod 15:
106 ≡ 1, 109 ≡ 4, 111 ≡ 6 (mod 15)
⇒ x ≡ 1 × 4 × 6 = 24 (mod 15)
⇒ 24 = 15 + 9
∴ Remainder = 9
Why / trap: Reduce each factor mod 15 first, then multiply; 1 × 4 × 6 = 24 is congruent to 9.

171. [EASY] IBA MBA 2023

How many numbers between 600 and 900 (inclusive) are divisible by both 5 and 7?

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(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10 (E) 12
Answer: (C) 8
Solution:
We know, divisible by both 5 and 7 means divisible by LCM(5, 7) = 35
First multiple of 35 at or above 600: 35 × 18 = 630
Last multiple of 35 at or below 900: 35 × 25 = 875
⇒ Count = (25 − 18) + 1 = 8
∴ 8 numbers in [600, 900] are divisible by both 5 and 7
Why / trap: Divisible by both 5 and 7 = divisible by LCM 35; count multiples via (25-18)+1.

172. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2022

Some chocolates are distributed: one box has 2 strawberry; another 4 apple; another 5 banana. Distributed
among 76 children, each getting at least 1 of all types. How many boxes needed in total?
(A) 57 boxes (B) 65 boxes (C) 73 boxes (D) 76 boxes (E) 80 boxes
Answer: (C) 73
Solution:
Each of 76 children needs at least one of every type ⇒ 76 of each type
Strawberry boxes (2 each): 76/2 = 38 boxes
Apple boxes (4 each): 76/4 = 19 boxes
Banana boxes (5 each): 76/5 = 15.2 ⇒ round up to 16 boxes
∴ Total boxes = 38 + 19 + 16 = 73
Why / trap: Ceiling-divide each type separately (banana 76/5 rounds up to 16), then sum.

173. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2021

If K = 19!/16!, which of the following is the smallest choice that does NOT have a prime factor in common with
K?
(A) 19 (B) 34 (C) 77 (D) 115 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 77
Solution:
Here, K = 19!/16! = 19 × 18 × 17
Prime factors: 19, 18 = 2 × 32, 17 ⇒ K's prime set = {2, 3, 17, 19}
Option (A): 19 — shares 19; Option (B): 34 = 2 × 17 — shares 2 and 17
Option (C): 77 = 7 × 11 — no common prime with K
Option (D): 115 = 5 × 23 — also no common prime, but 115 > 77
∴ The smallest such choice = 77
Why / trap: K = 17×18×19 has primes {2,3,17,19}; smallest coprime option is 77.

174. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2021

p and q are single-digit positive integers with p × q > 1. If (4p) × (7q) = 756, what is the value of p + q?
(A) 12 (B) 14 (C) 25 (D) 28 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 12
Solution:
Given, (4p) × (7q) = 756 with p, q single-digit and pq > 1

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⇒ 28pq = 756
⇒ pq = 756/28 = 27
Single-digit pair with product 27: 3 × 9 = 27, so {p, q} = {3, 9}
Check: 12 × 63 = 756
∴ p + q = 3 + 9 = 12
Why / trap: 28pq = 756 gives pq = 27; digits 3 and 9 sum to 12 (verify 12x63 = 756).

175. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2020

If a and c are positive integers and 4a + 3 = b and 4c + 1 = d, which of the following could be the value of (b +
d)?
(A) 46 (B) 58 (C) 68 (D) 74 (E) 82
Answer: (C) 68
Solution:
Here, b + d = (4a + 3) + (4c + 1)
= 4a + 4c + 4
= 4(a + c + 1), always a multiple of 4
Check options: 46, 58, 74, 82 are not multiples of 4 — fail
68 = 4 × 17 works, e.g. a = 1, c = 15 gives b + d = 68
∴ b + d = 68
Why / trap: b + d = 4(a+c+1) must be a multiple of 4; only 68 qualifies.

176. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2020

If (125)¹⁴ × (48)⁸ were expressed as an integer, how many consecutive zeros would the integer have immediately
to the left of its decimal point (i.e., how many trailing zeros)?
(A) 22 (B) 32 (C) 42 (D) 50 (E) 112
Answer: (B) 32
Solution:
We know, trailing zeros come from factors of 10 = 2 × 5
Here, 125 = 53 and 48 = 24 × 3
⇒ (125)14 = (53)14 = 542
and (48)8 = (24 × 3)8 = 232 × 38
⇒ Product = 232 × 38 × 542
Trailing zeros = min(power of 2, power of 5) = min(32, 42) = 32
∴ The integer ends in 32 zeros (the 38 factor is irrelevant)
Why / trap: Trailing zeros = min(#2s, #5s) = min(32, 42) = 32.

177. [EASY] IBA MBA 2020

When the positive integer n is divided by 8, the remainder is 3. What is the remainder when 3n is divided by 8?
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 1
Solution:
Given, n = 8k + 3 for some integer k
⇒ 3n = 24k + 9 = 24k + 8 + 1 = 8(3k + 1) + 1

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⇒ 3n leaves remainder 1 when divided by 8
Check: n = 11 ⇒ 3n = 33 = 8 × 4 + 1, remainder 1
∴ The required remainder = 1
Why / trap: Work mod 8: 3 × 3 = 9 which reduces to remainder 1.

178. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2019

XYZ is a three-digit number and ZY is a two-digit number such that XYZ + ZY = 333. If X = 3, Y > Z, and X, Y, Z
are distinct single-digit positive integers, what is the value of Y + Z?
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 3
Solution:
Here, XYZ = 100X + 10Y + Z and ZY = 10Z + Y
According to the question,
100X + 10Y + Z + 10Z + Y = 333
⇒ 100X + 11Y + 11Z = 333
Putting X = 3: 300 + 11(Y + Z) = 333
⇒ 11(Y + Z) = 33 ⇒ Y + Z = 3
Since Y > Z and the digits are distinct positive, Y = 2, Z = 1
Check: 321 + 12 = 333
∴Y+Z=2+1=3
Why / trap: 11(Y+Z) = 33 forces Y+Z = 3, fixing digits 3,2,1; the sought value is 3.

179. [HARD] IBA MBA 2019

(x2 + 3) when divided by 32 leaves a remainder of 7. If x is a positive integer, which of the following must also be
an integer? i. x/2 ii. x/4 iii. x/6
(A) i only (B) ii only (C) i & iii (D) iii only (E) None of these
Answer: (A) i only
Solution:
Given, x2 + 3 leaves remainder 7 on division by 32
⇒ x2 ≡ 4 (mod 32), so x must be even; let x = 2m
⇒ 4m2 ≡ 4 (mod 32) ⇒ m2 ≡ 1 (mod 8)
⇒ m is odd, so x = 2 × (odd), i.e. x ≡ 2 (mod 4)
⇒ x = 2, 6, 10, 14, ... — even but never a multiple of 4
i: x/2 = m is always an integer — holds
ii: x/4 is never an integer — fails; iii: x/6 fails at x = 2 — fails
∴ Only statement i must be an integer
Why / trap: x2 congruent 4 (mod 32) forces x congruent 2 (mod 4), so only x/2 is guaranteed integer.

180. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2019

When an integer x is divided by y, the quotient is 11 and the remainder is 4. When x is divided by 16, the
quotient is 4 and the remainder is y. Find the value of x.
(A) 60 (B) 70 (C) 80 (D) 90 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 70

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Solution:
We know, dividend = divisor × quotient + remainder
First condition: x = 11y + 4 (remainder 4 requires y > 4)
Second condition: x = 16 × 4 + y = 64 + y (remainder y requires y < 16)
⇒ 11y + 4 = 64 + y
⇒ 10y = 60 ⇒ y = 6
⇒ x = 64 + 6 = 70
Check: 70 = 11 × 6 + 4 and 70 = 16 × 4 + 6, with 4 < 6 < 16
∴ x = 70
Why / trap: Two 'dividend = ...' equations give 10y = 60, y = 6, x = 70.

C05 · Percentage & Set Theory

181. [EASY] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)
If 6x + 5y = 70% of 10y, what is the value of y/x? [IBA MBA (Previous Years)]
(A) 6/5 (B) 5/2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 3
Solution:
Here, 70% of 10y = 0.70 × 10y = 7y
According to the question,
6x + 5y = 7y
⇒ 6x = 2y
⇒ y/x = 6/2 = 3
∴ y/x = 3
Why / trap: 70% of 10y = 7y; then 6x = 2y gives y/x = 3.

182. [MEDIUM] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

If 3x/4 = 1, then x is greater than 3/4 by approximately what percent? [BIDA AD 2026]
(A) 58 (B) 62 (C) 78 (D) 80 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) ≈ 78%
Solution:
Given, 3x/4 = 1 ⇒ x = 4/3
Increase over 3/4 = 4/3 − 3/4 = (16 − 9)/12 = 7/12
Percent greater = (7/12) ÷ (3/4) × 100
= (7/12) × (4/3) × 100
= (7/9) × 100 = 77.8%
∴ x is greater than 3/4 by approximately 78%
Why / trap: Percent-greater divides by the base 3/4: (7/12)/(3/4) = 7/9 = about 78%.

183. [EASY] IBA MBA 2025

30% of students enrolled in a science course. 20% of science students enrolled in chemistry. Each student in ≤1
science course. What % of total students enrolled in a science course OTHER than chemistry?
(A) 6% (B) 7% (C) 10% (D) 14% (E) 24%

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Answer: (E) 24%
Solution:
Let, total students = 100
Then, science enrollees = 30% of 100 = 30
and chemistry enrollees = 20% of 30 = 6
Since each student takes at most one science course, chemistry lies inside science
⇒ Science but not chemistry = 30 − 6 = 24
∴ Required percent = 24/100 = 24%
Why / trap: Chemistry is 20% of the 30% science group = 6%; 30% - 6% = 24% (trap: 6%).

184. [HARD] IBA MBA 2024

Hamid sold some B-grade papers at Tk. 1.00 each and some A-grade papers at Tk. 1.25 each. If r% of revenue
came from B-grade and p% of papers sold were B-grade, express r in terms of p.
(A) 100p/(125 − p) (B) p/(500 − 100p)
(C) 400p/(500 − p) (D) 500p/(125 − 100p)
(E) None of these
Answer: (C) 400p/(500 - p)
Solution:
Let, total papers = 100; then B-grade = p and A-grade = 100 − p
Revenue from B = p × 1.00 = Tk. p
Revenue from A = (100 − p) × 1.25 = Tk. (125 − 1.25p)
⇒ Total revenue = p + 125 − 1.25p = 125 − 0.25p
⇒ r = (p / (125 − 0.25p)) × 100 = 100p/(125 − 0.25p)
Multiplying numerator and denominator by 4,
∴ r = 400p/(500 − p)
Why / trap: Revenue share = 100p/(125 - 0.25p); multiply by 4/4 to get 400p/(500 - p).

185. [HARD] IBA MBA 2024

In a club, 40% of the members are more than 60 years old (so 60% of the members are 60 or younger). 40% of
the members are engineers, and 25% of the members who are more than 60 years old are engineers. What
percent of the non-engineers are 60 years old or younger?
(A) 50% (B) 54% (C) 60% (D) 64% (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 50%
Solution:
Let, total members = 100
Then, over-60 members = 40 and members 60 or under = 60
Engineers = 40; engineers over 60 = 25% of 40 = 10
⇒ Engineers 60-or-under = 40 − 10 = 30
Non-engineers = 100 − 40 = 60
⇒ Non-engineers 60-or-under = 60 − 30 = 30
∴ Required percent = 30/60 = 50%
Why / trap: Build an age-by-profession table; (60 - 30)/60 = 50%.

Page 65
186. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2022
20 blue and 70 white marbles in a container. How many blue marbles should be added so that blue marbles are
60% of total?
(A) 35 (B) 60 (C) 85 (D) 105 (E) 130
Answer: (C) 85
Solution:
Let, x blue marbles be added
Then, blue = 20 + x and total = 90 + x
According to the question,
20 + x = 0.60(90 + x)
⇒ 20 + x = 54 + 0.6x
⇒ 0.4x = 34
⇒ x = 85
Check: blue = 105, total = 175, and 105/175 = 60%
∴ 85 blue marbles should be added
Why / trap: Set 20 + x = 0.6(90 + x); the 70 white marbles become the remaining 40%.

187. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2022

A boat-sales lot sells sailboats and non-sailboats. 25% of boats are used sailboats. Of non-sailboats, 3/5 are
new. If 33% of all boats are used, approximately what percent of sailboats are new?
(A) 31% (B) 33% (C) 67% (D) 68% (E) 69%
Answer: (E) ≈ 69%
Solution:
Let, total boats = 100
Then, used sailboats = 25 and total used boats = 33
⇒ Used non-sailboats = 33 − 25 = 8
Of non-sailboats, 3/5 are new ⇒ 2/5 are used
⇒ (2/5) × non-sailboats = 8 ⇒ non-sailboats = 20
⇒ Sailboats = 100 − 20 = 80
New sailboats = 80 − 25 = 55
∴ Required percent = 55/80 = 68.75% ≈ 69%
Why / trap: Back out sailboats = 80 from the used counts; 55/80 = 68.75% rounds to 69% (68 is a truncation trap).

188. [EASY] IBA MBA 2022

A transportation: 60% apples and 40% oranges. 40% of oranges damaged; 70% of apples fresh. What % of
fruits are fresh?
(A) 68 (B) 66 (C) 62 (D) 68.8 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 66%
Solution:
Let, total fruits = 100; apples = 60 and oranges = 40
Fresh apples = 70% of 60 = 42
Oranges: 40% damaged ⇒ 60% fresh = 60% of 40 = 24
⇒ Total fresh = 42 + 24 = 66

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∴ 66% of the fruits are fresh
Why / trap: Weighted sum of fresh fractions: 0.7 × 60 + 0.6 × 40 = 42 + 24 = 66.

189. [EASY] IBA MBA 2020

A tank that was 40% full of oil emptied into a 20-gallon bucket. If the oil fills 35% of the bucket's volume, what is
the total capacity of the tank, in gallons?
(A) 8.75 (B) 15 (C) 16 (D) 17.5 (E) 19
Answer: (D) 17.5
Solution:
Oil poured into the bucket = 35% of 20 = 0.35 × 20 = 7 gallons
Let, the tank's capacity be C gallons
According to the question,
0.40 × C = 7
⇒ C = 7/0.40 = 17.5
∴ Tank capacity = 17.5 gallons
Why / trap: 7 gal (35% of 20) equals 40% of the tank, so C = 7/0.4 = 17.5.

190. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2020

In a club, 60% are male and 2/3 of them like games. If all members like music or games, and 70% of members
like games, what percent of females like music? (Same as Dec 2019 Q20)
(A) 11% (B) 10% (C) 10.5% (D) 13% (E) None of these
Answer: (E) None of these
Solution:
Let, total members = 100; males = 60 and females = 40
Males who like games = 2/3 × 60 = 40
Total who like games = 70
⇒ Females who like games = 70 − 40 = 30
Taking each member as liking exactly one, females who like music = 40 − 30 = 10
⇒ Percent of females liking music = 10/40 = 25%
∴ 25% is not among options A–D, so the answer is (E)
Why / trap: The base is the 40 females, not all members: 10/40 = 25% - not listed, so E (compare Q193, where 25% is
offered).

191. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2019

In a recruitment, a company selected 60% male; 75% of males are from a commerce background and 75% of
females are from a non-commerce background. Total members = 80 (source's percentage breakdown effectively
uses base 100). What percent are chosen from a commerce background?
(A) 40 (B) 44 (C) 50 (D) 55 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 55%
Solution:
Let, base = 100 people (the actual total does not affect the final percentage)
Then, males = 60 and females = 40
Commerce males = 75% of 60 = 0.75 × 60 = 45

Page 67
Females: 75% non-commerce ⇒ commerce females = 25% of 40 = 10
⇒ Total commerce people = 45 + 10 = 55
∴ Required percent = 55/100 = 55%
Why / trap: Trap: 75% of females are NON-commerce, so only 25% of the 40 females are commerce (=10), not 75%.

192. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2019

In a group of 1200 people, 80% are women. A certain number of women leave and the new percentage of
women is 70%. How many women left the group?
(A) 200 (B) 280 (C) 360 (D) 400 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 400
Solution:
Here, women = 80% of 1200 = 960 and men = 240 (men do not change)
Let, x women leave; then women = 960 − x and total = 1200 − x
According to the question,
(960 − x)/(1200 − x) = 70/100
⇒ 96000 − 100x = 84000 − 70x
⇒ 30x = 12000 ⇒ x = 400
Check: women = 560, total = 800, and 560/800 = 70%
∴ 400 women left the group
Why / trap: Only women leave; keep the 240 men fixed and let the total shrink by the same x as the women.

193. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2019

In a club, 60% of members are male and 2/3 of them like games. All members like music or games, and 70% of
members like games. What percent of females like music?
(A) 15% (B) 25.5% (C) 25% (D) 12% (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 25%
Solution:
Let, total members = 100; males = 60 and females = 40
Males who like games = 2/3 × 60 = 40
Total who like games = 70% of 100 = 70
⇒ Females who like games = 70 − 40 = 30
Since games and music partition the members, females who like music = 40 − 30 = 10
∴ Required percent = 10/40 = 25%
Why / trap: Get female-games first (70 total games - 40 male games = 30); the remaining 10 of the 40 females like music.

194. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2018

A survey: 85 liked orange, 90 lemon, 65 grape, 45 liked O+L, 40 L+G, 30 O+G, 15 all three, 25 liked none. Find
the number who liked ONLY orange.
(A) 55 (B) 5 (C) 25 (D) 70 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 25
Solution:
Only orange = orange minus every region shared with another fruit
Orange-and-lemon only = 45 − 15 = 30

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Orange-and-grape only = 30 − 15 = 15
All three = 15
⇒ Only orange = 85 − 30 − 15 − 15 = 25
Check: |O| − |O∩L| − |O∩G| + |all three| = 85 − 45 − 30 + 15 = 25
∴ 25 people liked only orange
Why / trap: Subtract both pairwise overlaps, then add the triple back once (it was removed twice).

195. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2018

(From previous problem) How many people were interviewed in total?
(A) 120 (B) 125 (C) 140 (D) 155 (E) None of these
Answer: (E) 165
Solution:
We know, |O∪L∪G| = |O| + |L| + |G| − (pairwise overlaps) + (all three)
= (85 + 90 + 65) − (45 + 40 + 30) + 15
= 240 − 115 + 15 = 140
⇒ Total interviewed = 140 + 25 (liked none) = 165
165 is not among the options 120, 125, 140, 155
∴ The answer is (E), total = 165
Why / trap: 140 is only the union; you must add the 25 'none' people, giving 165, which is not listed.

C04 · Inequality/Modulus/Average
196. [MEDIUM] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)
If 3 < x < 7 and 5 > y > 2, which of the following must be true? [Petro Central AM 2024]
(A) x + y > 8 (B) x - y > 0
(C) x - 2y < 2 (D) 2x - y > 1
(E) None of these
Answer: (D) 2x - y > 1
Solution:
Given, 3 < x < 7 and 2 < y < 5
Option (D): 2x − y is smallest when x is least and y is greatest
As x → 3, 2x → 6; as y → 5, −y → −5
⇒ 2x − y → 6 − 5 = 1 but never reaches it (both bounds are strict)
⇒ 2x − y > 1 always holds
Option (A): x + y can be near 5 — fails; option (B): x − y can be negative — fails
Option (C): x − 2y can exceed 2 — fails
∴ Only option (D) must be true
Why / trap: Bound 2x - y using the worst corner (min x, max y); strict bounds keep it strictly above 1.

197. [EASY] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

If b < 2 and 2x - 3b = 0, which of the following must be true? [IBA MBA (Previous Years)]
(A) x > -3 (B) x < 2 (C) x > -4 (D) x < 3 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) x < 3

Page 69
Solution:
Given, 2x − 3b = 0 ⇒ x = 3b/2
Since b < 2, multiplying by 3/2 (positive, so the direction is unchanged):
⇒ x = 3b/2 < 3 × 2/2 = 3
b has no lower bound, so x has no lower bound (x can be very negative)
Options (A), (B), (C) claim limits that x can violate
∴ Only x < 3 must be true
Why / trap: b is only bounded above, so x = 3b/2 is only bounded above (x < 3); any lower-bound claim can fail.

198. [EASY] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

If x4 <= 16 and y2 <= 36, then the maximum possible value of (x - y) is: [BIDA AD 2026]
(A) -4 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 8
Solution:
x4 ≤ 16 ⇒ |x| ≤ 2 ⇒ −2 ≤ x ≤ 2
y2 ≤ 36 ⇒ |y| ≤ 6 ⇒ −6 ≤ y ≤ 6
x − y is maximum when x is greatest and y is least (most negative)
⇒ Maximum x − y = 2 − (−6) = 8
∴ The maximum possible value of (x − y) = 8
Why / trap: Maximize a difference by taking max of x and the most-negative y; watch that x4<=16 gives |x|<=2, not 4.

199. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2025

Least integer expressible as product of 4 different integers between −5 and 4 inclusive.
(A) −360 (B) −240 (C) −180 (D) −120 (E) −60
Answer: (B) -240
Solution:
Allowed integers: −5, −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
For the least product: odd number of negative factors and the largest magnitude
Four largest magnitudes: 5, 4, 4, 3 ⇒ 5 × 4 × 4 × 3 = 240
Choose an odd count of negatives: (−5)(−4)(−3)(4) = −240
No selection has magnitude above 240, so −360 is impossible
∴ The least product = −240
Why / trap: Maximize |product| with the four largest magnitudes, then force an odd number of negatives so the result is
negative.

200. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2024

The average weight of 50 balls is 2 lbs. If the container's weight is included, the average increases by 0.05 lbs.
What is the container's weight?
(A) 2.55 (B) 3.25 (C) 4.55 (D) 5 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 4.55 lbs
Solution:
Total weight of the 50 balls = 50 × 2 = 100 lbs
Including the container: 51 items with average = 2 + 0.05 = 2.05 lbs

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⇒ New total weight = 51 × 2.05 = 104.55 lbs
⇒ Container weight = 104.55 − 100 = 4.55 lbs
Check: 0.05 × 51 + 2 = 2.55 + 2 = 4.55
∴ The container weighs 4.55 lbs
Why / trap: The container both adds one item AND lifts every one of the 51 items' average by 0.05.

201. [HARD] IBA MBA 2022

Ayon has 5000 tk. more than Noyon, and each (on average) gets at least 2000 tk. With 20 persons and total Tk.
50000, what is the maximum Ayon can get?
(A) Tk. 5,500 (B) Tk. 7,500
(C) Tk. 9,500 (D) Tk. 12,500
(E) Tk. 15,000
Answer: (C) Tk. 9500
Solution:
Let, Noyon get Tk. n; then Ayon gets Tk. (n + 5000)
There are 20 people, each getting at least Tk. 2000, totalling Tk. 50000
To maximize Ayon, give the other 18 people the minimum: 18 × 2000 = Tk. 36000
⇒ Ayon + Noyon = 50000 − 36000 = 14000
⇒ (n + 5000) + n = 14000
⇒ 2n = 9000 ⇒ n = 4500
∴ Maximum Ayon can get = 4500 + 5000 = Tk. 9500 (Noyon 4500 ≥ 2000, valid)
Why / trap: Squeeze the other 18 people to the 2000 floor so the Ayon-Noyon pair keeps the largest possible share.

202. [EASY] IBA MBA 2021

If a ∈ {−3, 2, 0} and b ∈ {−4, 2, −3}, what is the maximum value of 2a + b2?
(A) 20 (B) 16 (C) −5 (D) 0 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 20
Solution:
To maximize 2a + b2, maximize 2a and b2 separately
Largest a = 2 ⇒ 2a = 4
For b2, take b = −4 ⇒ b2 = 16 (bigger than 22 = 4)
∴ Maximum value = 4 + 16 = 20
Why / trap: For b2 the most negative value (-4) wins, since squaring rewards magnitude, not sign.

203. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2020

What is the range of the dataset {1, 6, x, 17, 20, y} if all terms are positive integers and xy = 18?
(A) 16 (B) 17 (C) 18 (D) 19 (E) Cannot be determined
Answer: (D) 19
Solution:
Here, x and y are positive integers with xy = 18
The set already contains 1, so the minimum is fixed at 1
Any factor of 18 is at most 18, and 18 < 20, so x and y never exceed 20
Thus the maximum stays 20 and the minimum stays 1 for every factor pair

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∴ Range = 20 − 1 = 19, so it IS determined
Why / trap: xy = 18 caps x, y at 18 (< 20) and the 1 already present fixes the min, so 20 and 1 always stay the extremes.

204. [EASY] IBA MBA 2019

If 3x − 2 ≥ 1, what is the least possible value of 3x + 2?
(A) 5 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 5
Solution:
Given, 3x − 2 ≥ 1
Now, 3x + 2 = (3x − 2) + 4
⇒ 3x + 2 ≥ 1 + 4 = 5
∴ Least value of 3x + 2 = 5 (attained at x = 1)
Why / trap: Express the target as (given expression) + 4 instead of solving for x, so the minimum drops out directly.

205. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2019

If the average of a, b, c, d is 5 and a < b < c < d, what is the greatest possible value of d if all are positive
integers?
(A) 15 (B) 16 (C) 14 (D) 17 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) 14
Solution:
Average of a, b, c, d is 5 ⇒ a + b + c + d = 4 × 5 = 20
To maximize d, minimize a, b, c (distinct positive integers, a < b < c < d)
Smallest choice: a = 1, b = 2, c = 3
⇒ d = 20 − (1 + 2 + 3) = 14
Check: 1 < 2 < 3 < 14 — valid
∴ Greatest possible value of d = 14
Why / trap: Fix a, b, c at the smallest allowed distinct integers 1, 2, 3 to leave the most for d.

206. [HARD] IBA MBA 2018

Given y = (x − 6)(x − 5)(x − 4)(x − 3) and x is a positive integer. If y > 0, then which of the following must be true?
(A) x < 3 (B) x < 6 (C) 3 < x < 0 (D) x > 3 (E) None of these
Answer: (E) None of these ⚠ key corrected
Solution:
y = (x − 6)(x − 5)(x − 4)(x − 3) has roots at x = 3, 4, 5, 6
x = 1: (−5)(−4)(−3)(−2) = 120 > 0 — a valid x with x < 3
x = 7: (1)(2)(3)(4) = 24 > 0 — a valid x with x > 3
x = 3, 4, 5, 6 each give y = 0, which is not > 0
So y > 0 holds for x ∈ {1, 2} and for x ≥ 7 — on both sides of 3
'x < 3' fails at x = 7 and 'x > 3' fails at x = 1, so none of (A)–(D) must be true
(source-key correction: key A is wrong — valid x exist on both sides of 3)
Why / trap: Key A is wrong: with valid x on both sides (1,2 and 7,8,...), no single-sided bound like x<3 or x>3 is forced.

207. [HARD] IBA MBA 2018

Page 72
If −1 < a < b < 0, which of the following has the highest value?
(A) a/b (B) b/a (C) b/a2 (D) a2/b (E) None of these
Answer: (A) a/b
Solution:
Given, −1 < a < b < 0 ⇒ both negative and |a| > |b|
a/b = |a|/|b| > 1 (negative ÷ negative = positive)
b/a = |b|/|a| < 1 — a positive proper fraction, smaller than a/b
a2/b and b/a2 are each negative, so neither can be the largest
Test a = −3/4, b = −1/4: a/b = 3, b/a = 1/3, a2/b = −9/4, b/a2 = −4/9
∴ a/b has the highest value
Why / trap: a/b = |a|/|b| > 1 because |a| > |b|; it beats the proper fraction b/a and any negative expression.

208. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2018

3 people split a Tk. 150 bill. A pays Tk. 5 less than B, while C pays more than Tk. 60. What is the most A can
pay, given all pay integer amounts?
(A) 29 (B) 42 (C) 47 (D) 61 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) Tk. 42
Solution:
Let, B pay Tk. x; then A pays Tk. (x − 5)
Given, A + B + C = 150, C > 60, all amounts whole numbers
To maximize A, minimize C: smallest integer with C > 60 is C = 61
⇒ A + B = 150 − 61 = 89
⇒ (x − 5) + x = 89 ⇒ 2x = 94 ⇒ x = 47
⇒ A = 47 − 5 = 42
∴ The most A can pay = Tk. 42 (check: 42 + 47 + 61 = 150, C = 61 > 60)
Why / trap: Push C to its minimum 61 so the A+B pool is largest; A is then 5 less than half-ish of that pool = 42.

209. [EASY] IBA MBA 2018

Find the range of values of x for which (2x + 3)(x − 1) < 0.
(A) x < −3/2 (B) −3/2 < x < 1
(C) x > 1 (D) x > −3/2
(E) None of these
Answer: (B) -3/2 < x < 1
Solution:
Roots of (2x + 3)(x − 1) = 0: x = −3/2 and x = 1
A product of two factors is negative only when the factors have opposite signs
For this upward-opening parabola, that happens strictly between the roots
Check x = 0: (3)(−1) = −3 < 0 — inside works
Check x = 2: (7)(1) = 7 > 0 — outside fails
∴ −3/2 < x < 1
Why / trap: An upward parabola dips below zero only between its two roots.

210. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2017

Page 73
If −8 ≤ x ≤ 2 and −4 ≤ y ≤ 10, which of the following represents the range of all possible values of xy?
(A) −8 ≤ xy ≤ 20 (B) −80 ≤ xy ≤ 32
(C) −32 ≤ xy ≤ 20 (D) −8 ≤ xy ≤ 3
(E) −80 ≤ xy ≤ 80
Answer: (B) -80 <= xy <= 32
Solution:
For x, y in intervals, extreme values of xy occur at the endpoint combinations
Endpoints: x ∈ {−8, 2}, y ∈ {−4, 10}
(−8)(−4) = 32; (−8)(10) = −80; (2)(−4) = −8; (2)(10) = 20
Maximum product = 32; minimum product = −80
∴ −80 ≤ xy ≤ 32
Why / trap: Check all four endpoint pairings; the biggest positive (-8 x -4 = 32) and most negative (-8 × 10 = -80) set the
bounds.

INSURANCE ANNEX — low-frequency chapters

Rare in the exam, but here so nothing is a total blind spot. Learn the basic method; don’t over-invest.

C08 · Permutation & Combination

211. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2025
4-digit security code: 1st digit = 4; exactly one of positions 2-4 is 1; all 4 digits different. How many possible
codes?
(A) 56 (B) 112 (C) 168 (D) 192 (E) 216
Answer: (C) 168 codes
Solution:
Position 1 is fixed at 4; all four digits must be distinct
Choose which of positions 2–4 gets the digit 1: 3 ways
The other two positions must avoid 4, 1 and each other: 10 − 2 = 8 digits available (0 allowed)
Fill those two ordered slots: 8 × 7 = 56 ways
∴ Total codes = 3 × 56 = 168
Why / trap: Fix the 4, place the single '1' (3 spots), then order 2 of the remaining 8 digits - remember 0 is allowed.

212. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2017

If x is decreased from 2 to −2, which of the following must increase?
(A) 2 + x (B) 5 − x2 (C) 1 + 1/x (D) 1/(x − 3) (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 1/(x-3)
Solution:
Test each expression as x decreases from 2 to −2
Option (A): 2 + x goes 4 → 0 — decreases
Option (B): 5 − x2 goes 1 → 1 (rises to 5 at x = 0, then falls) — no net increase
Option (C): 1 + 1/x goes 1.5 → 0.5, with a pole at x = 0 — decreases
Option (D): 1/(x − 3) goes −1 → −1/5; its pole x = 3 lies outside [−2, 2] — increases

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∴ Only 1/(x − 3) must increase
Why / trap: Only 1/(x-3) is strictly monotonic with no pole on [-2,2], so it must rise as x falls.

213. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2010

Set of 5 books arranged alphabetically. 2 unique covers (red/green). All red on top, green at bottom. How many
arrangements?
(A) 5! (B) 4! (C) 2 (D) 1 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) 1
Solution:
'Arranged alphabetically' fixes one specific order
Five distinct books have exactly one alphabetical ordering
The cover rule (all red above all green) adds no new orderings — the order is already forced
∴ Number of valid arrangements = 1 (5! and 4! are distractors)
Why / trap: Trap: 'alphabetical order' is unique, so there is exactly one arrangement - factorials are distractors.

214. [EASY] IBA MBA 2006

180 students seated in rows with equal number per row. EXCEPT which can be number of rows?
(A) 4 (B) 20 (C) 30 (D) 40 (E) 90
Answer: (D) 40 rows
Solution:
Equal students per row ⇒ the number of rows must divide 180 exactly
180/4 = 45, 180/20 = 9, 180/30 = 6, 180/90 = 2 — all integers, OK
180/40 = 4.5 — not an integer
∴ 40 rows is impossible (the EXCEPT)
Why / trap: Number of rows must divide 180 exactly; 40 fails since 180/40 = 4.5.

C09 · Probability
215. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2025
5 digits (0, 5, 6, 7, 9) arranged in random order. System blocks any arrangement starting with 0. From allowed
sequences, one is picked at random. P(digit in position 2 is 9)?
(A) 1/2 (B) 3/16 (C) 9/10 (D) 3/11 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 3/16
Solution:
Total arrangements = 5! = 120; those starting with 0 = 4! = 24
Allowed arrangements = 120 − 24 = 96
Favorable: fix position 2 = 9; position 1 must be nonzero, so from {0, 5, 6, 7} pick 5, 6 or 7 = 3 ways
Positions 3, 4, 5 take the remaining 3 digits: 3! = 6 ways
Favorable count = 3 × 6 = 18
∴ P = 18/96 = 3/16
Why / trap: Shrink to the 96 allowed strings first, then count favorable (9 in slot 2 with a nonzero leader).

216. [EASY] IBA MBA 2025

Page 75
5 hard drives: 2 defective, 3 good. Pick 2 without replacement. P(at least 1 defective)?
(A) 1/5 (B) 2/5 (C) 3/5 (D) 7/10 (E) 9/10
Answer: (D) 7/10
Solution:
Use the complement: P(at least 1 defective) = 1 − P(none defective)
Total ways = C(5,2) = 10; both-good ways = C(3,2) = 3
P(both good) = 3/10
∴ P(at least 1 defective) = 1 − 3/10 = 7/10
Why / trap: Complement 1 - P(both good) beats adding the one-defective and two-defective cases.

217. [EASY] IBA MBA 2024

A jar contains 60 jelly beans: 40 white, Y yellow, R red, P purple. If a jelly bean is chosen at random, the
probability it is neither red nor purple is 0.85. What is Y?
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 11 (E) None of these
Answer: (D) Y = 11
Solution:
'Neither red nor purple' means the bean is white or yellow
According to the question,
(40 + Y)/60 = 0.85
⇒ 40 + Y = 0.85 × 60 = 51
⇒ Y = 51 − 40 = 11
∴ Y = 11
Why / trap: 'Neither red nor purple' = white + yellow; solve (40+Y)/60 = 0.85.

218. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2020

Eight women and two men are available to serve on a committee. If three people are picked, what is the
probability that the committee includes at least one man?
(A) 1/32 (B) 1/4 (C) 2/5 (D) 7/15 (E) 8/15
Answer: (E) 8/15
Solution:
Use the complement: P(at least 1 man) = 1 − P(all women)
Total ways to pick 3 from 10 = C(10,3) = 120
All-women ways = C(8,3) = 56
P(all women) = 56/120 = 7/15
∴ P(at least 1 man) = 1 − 7/15 = 8/15
Why / trap: Complement 1 - P(all women) is far faster than summing the one-man and two-man cases.

219. [HARD] IBA MBA 2016

There are 10 women and 3 men in Room A. One person is picked at random from Room A and moved to Room
B, where there are already 3 women and 5 men. If a single person is then picked from Room B, what is the
probability that a woman will be picked?
(A) 13/21 (B) 49/117 (C) 40/117 (D) 15/52 (E) None of these
Answer: (B) 49/117

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Solution:
Two-stage draw: use the law of total probability over who is moved from Room A
Room A (10W, 3M): P(move woman) = 10/13, P(move man) = 3/13
Room B starts with 3W, 5M; after the mover arrives it has 9 people
If a woman moved: B has 4W ⇒ 10/13 × 4/9 = 40/117
If a man moved: B has 3W ⇒ 3/13 × 3/9 = 9/117
∴ P(woman) = 40/117 + 9/117 = 49/117
Why / trap: A two-stage transfer-then-draw needs the law of total probability over who was moved.

C13 · Coordinate & Trigonometry

220. [HARD] IBA MBA 2025
Survey posts A and B at (4, −5) and (−8, 7). Equilateral triangle LMN has height = distance AB. Area of LMN?
(A) 144√3 (B) 288√3 (C) 432√3/4 (D) 96√3 (E) 536√3/4
Answer: (D) 96√3
Solution:
AB = √[(4 − (−8))2 + (−5 − 7)2] = √(122 + 122) = √288 = 12√2
We know, for an equilateral triangle h = (√3/2) × side ⇒ Area = h2/√3
Here the height equals AB ⇒ h2 = 288
Area = 288/√3 = 288√3/3
∴ Area = 96√3 (trap: 144√3 comes from mis-remembering the formula as h2 × √3/2)
Why / trap: Area = h2/√3 with h = AB; rationalize 288/√3 = 96√3.

221. [HARD] IBA MBA 2025

Distances from reference post 0 to landmarks P, Q, R (with 0 < P < Q < R) follow ratio 1:2:3 between (0, P), (P,
Q), (P, R). Town is at coordinate 15. Distance Q from town = 2 × distance P from town. Find absolute coordinate
of R.
(A) 9 (B) 27 (C) 36 (D) 45 (E) 54
Answer: (C) R = 36
Solution:
Let, 0P : PQ : PR = 1 : 2 : 3, so 0P = k, PQ = 2k, PR = 3k
Then, P = k, Q = k + 2k = 3k, R = k + 3k = 4k
According to the question,
|Q − 15| = 2|P − 15|
With P < 15 < Q: 3k − 15 = 2(15 − k)
⇒ 3k − 15 = 30 − 2k ⇒ 5k = 45 ⇒ k = 9
∴ R = 4k = 36 (check: P = 9, Q = 27, |27 − 15| = 12 = 2 × |9 − 15|)
Why / trap: Build P, Q, R from the segment ratios, then solve |Q-15| = 2|P-15| to get k = 9 and R = 4k.

222. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2025

Lines y = 3x, y = −3x + 12, and y = 0 enclose a triangle. What is its area?
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 16 (E) Cannot be determined
Answer: (C) 12

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Solution:
Find the vertices by intersecting the lines pairwise
y = 3x with y = 0 gives (0, 0)
y = −3x + 12 with y = 0 gives (4, 0)
y = 3x with y = −3x + 12: 6x = 12 ⇒ x = 2, y = 6 ⇒ (2, 6)
Base on the x-axis = 4; height = apex y-coordinate = 6
∴ Area = 1/2 × 4 × 6 = 12
Why / trap: Get the 3 vertices by pairwise intersection; base 4 on the x-axis, height 6 to the apex.

223. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2024

Line M passes through (4, 0) and (0, −3). The graph of which equation is parallel to line M and intersects the
positive Y-axis?
(A) 4y + 3x = 2 (B) 4y − 3x = −2
(C) 4y − 3x = 4 (D) 4y − 3x = −4
(E) None of these
Answer: (C) 4y - 3x = 4
Solution:
Slope of M through (4, 0) and (0, −3) = (−3 − 0)/(0 − 4) = 3/4
A parallel line needs slope 3/4 AND a positive y-intercept
Option (C): 4y − 3x = 4 ⇒ y = (3/4)x + 1 — slope 3/4, intercept +1 — both met
Options (B), (D): slope 3/4 but negative intercepts — fail
Option (A): slope −3/4 — fails
∴ The required line is 4y − 3x = 4
Why / trap: Match slope 3/4 AND require a positive y-intercept; only 4y-3x=4 does both.

C15 · Data Interpretation

224. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2001

Which of the following cities had the largest percentage change in population between 1950 and 1960?

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(A) Dhaka (B) Chittagong (C) Rajshahi (D) Bogra (E) Feni
Answer: (D) Bogra
Solution:
% change = (1960 value − 1950 value)/(1950 value) × 100
From the chart, Dhaka: (7.8 − 6.4)/6.4 ≈ 22%; Chittagong: (5.5 − 4.4)/4.4 = 25%
Rajshahi: (3.6 − 3.0)/3.0 = 20%; Bogra: (2.7 − 1.8)/1.8 = 50%; Feni: (1.5 − 1.2)/1.2 = 25%
Bogra's small base gives the largest relative jump
∴ Bogra had the largest percentage change (50%)
Why / trap: Largest % change favors small-base cities; compare ratios, not absolute rises (chart-dependent).

225. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2001

If the total Bangladesh population was 86 million in 1950, approximately what percent of the population lived in
the 5 largest cities in 1950?
(A) 5% (B) 10% (C) 15% (D) 20% (E) 35%
Answer: (D) ≈ 20%
Solution:
From the chart, 1950 values of the 5 largest cities: Dhaka 6.4, Chittagong 4.4, Rajshahi 3.0, Bogra 1.8, Sylhet 1.6
Sum = 6.4 + 4.4 + 3.0 + 1.8 + 1.6 = 17.2 million
Total population in 1950 = 86 million
Percent = 17.2/86 × 100 = 20%
∴ About 20% of the population lived in the 5 largest cities
Why / trap: Sum the five cities' 1950 values over the 86M total (chart-dependent).

226. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2001

If Sylhet had a population of 1 million in 1940, what was the percentage increase between 1940 and 1960?
(A) 40 (B) 50 (C) 60 (D) 67 (E) 167
Answer: (D) 67%
Solution:
Given, Sylhet's 1940 population = 1 million
From the chart, Sylhet's 1960 population ≈ 1.67 million
% increase = (1.67 − 1)/1 × 100
= 67%
∴ The increase between 1940 and 1960 ≈ 67%
Why / trap: Percentage increase uses the given 1940 base of 1 million against the 1960 bar (chart-dependent).

C14 · Series/Sequence/Calendar/Clock
227. [EASY] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)
What is the sum of the series 23, 25, 27, ..., 45? [BCIC AO 2025 (June)]
(A) 405 (B) 406 (C) 407 (D) 408 (E) 409
Answer: (D) 408
Solution:
Arithmetic series: first term a = 23, common difference d = 2, last term l = 45

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Number of terms n = (l − a)/d + 1 = (45 − 23)/2 + 1 = 12
We know, S = (n/2)(a + l)
= (12/2)(23 + 45)
= 6 × 68 = 408
∴ Sum of the series = 408
Why / trap: Arithmetic series with 12 terms; Sum = (n/2)(first + last) = 6 × 68.

228. [EASY] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

What is the next term of the series 4, 5, 7, 11, 19, 35, ...? [BCIC AO 2025 (June)]
(A) 67 (B) 68 (C) 69 (D) 73 (E) None of these
Answer: (A) 67
Solution:
Consecutive differences: 5 − 4 = 1, 7 − 5 = 2, 11 − 7 = 4, 19 − 11 = 8, 35 − 19 = 16
The differences are powers of 2: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
⇒ Next difference = 32
∴ Next term = 35 + 32 = 67
Why / trap: Differences double each step (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 → 32), so 35 + 32 = 67.

229. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2024

A vending machine dispenses candies in a regularly repeating cycle of 10 different colors. If 3 candies cost Tk.
25, what is the minimum amount of money needed before 3 candies of the same color are dispensed?
(A) Tk. 100 (B) Tk. 145 (C) Tk. 175 (D) Tk. 200 (E) None of these
Answer: (C) Tk. 175
Solution:
The machine cycles the 10 colors in fixed order, then repeats
After 10 candies: 1 of each color; after 20 candies: 2 of each color
The 21st candy is the first to make a 3rd of some color
So 21 candies are required
Cost: 3 candies = Tk. 25 ⇒ 21 candies = 7 × 25
∴ Minimum money needed = Tk. 175
Why / trap: Deterministic 10-cycle: 20 candies give 2 each, the 21st forces a third; 21 candies = 7 x Tk.25.

230. [EASY] IBA MBA 2022

From the top your position is 24, and from the bottom is 20. Total position holders?
(A) 41 (B) 42 (C) 43 (D) 44 (E) 45
Answer: (C) 43
Solution:
Counting rule: total = (rank from top) + (rank from bottom) − 1
The −1 removes the double-count of your own position
Total = 24 + 20 − 1
∴ Total position holders = 43
Why / trap: Total = top + bottom - 1 to avoid double-counting yourself; 24 + 20 - 1 = 43.

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Page 81
PART D

Timed Mock Tests

• Take each paper in one sitting under a timer. Suggested: 50 questions in 45 minutes.
• Score with negative marking: +1 correct, −0.25 wrong. Skip if unsure.
• Answer keys with short solutions are at the very end — don’t look until you finish a paper.
• 35+ strong · 28–34 on track · below 28 revisit the Top-150 methods.

MOCK TEST 1
50 Questions · 45 minutes · +1 / −0.25 · no calculator

1. Box 1 contains 500 marbles, 24% of which are black. Box 2 contains some marbles of which 10% are black.
The marbles from both boxes are put together in another box and the percentage of black marbles is 20%.
How many marbles were there in Box 2?
(A) 100 (B) 150 (C) 200 (D) 250 (E) None of these
2. A is three years older than B, who is twice as old as C. If the total of the ages of A, B and C is 38, how old is
B?
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 14 (D) 15 (E) None of these
3. A water filter can be filled with 8 jugs of capacity 1.3 litres each. How many jugs are required to fill the same
filter if the capacity of the jug is 0.8 litres?
(A) 15 (B) 13 (C) 12 (D) 8 (E) None of these
4. A trader made 2 different grades of mixture — one containing m kg of Melphin and m kg of water, the other
containing m kg of Melphin and 2m kg of water. Both were sold completely. Revenues were the same. If the
selling price of the first mixture was Tk. 600 per kg, what was the per kg selling price of the second mixture
in Taka?
(A) 300 (B) 400 (C) 450 (D) 480 (E) None of these
5. Arif's salary is twice Babu's. Kabir's salary is one-third of Arif's, and Malek's is two-thirds of Babu's. The total
salary of Kabir and Malek is what proportion of Babu's salary?
(A) 4/3 (B) 6/5 (C) 11/12 (D) 13/15 (E) None of these
6. Rice Tk 50/kg and 60/kg mixed. Sold at 70/kg with 20% profit. Mix ratio?
(A) 1:10 (B) 1:5 (C) 2:7 (D) 3:8 (E) None of these
7. X:Y=1:2, X:Z=1:3 last year. +1000 each this year. Z now = 25000. Y this year?
(A) 15000 (B) 17000 (C) 17500 (D) 18000 (E) None of these
8. The average of three positive integers a, b, c is 111. If b is 2 more than c, then which of the following must
be true?
(A) a is odd (B) b is odd

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(C) a is even (D) b is even
(E) None of these
9. A number when divided by a divisor leaves a remainder of 33. When twice the original number is divided by
the same divisor, the remainder is 13. What is the value of the divisor?
(A) 13 (B) 20 (C) 38 (D) 53 (E) None of these
10. If x, y and z are positive integers and 3x = 4y = 7z, then the least possible value of x + y + z is:
(A) 33 (B) 40 (C) 49 (D) 61 (E) None of these
11. If x and y are both positive integers and 10 < x < 20 and 7y − 2x = 0, what is the value of x − y?
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 10 (E) None of these
12. x even, x/12 odd. Which NOT even?
(A) x2/9 (B) x2/12 (C) x2/24 (D) x2/36 (E) None of these
13. If m and n are non-zero integers and 390m = 150n, then mn must be divisible by
(A) 10 (B) 45 (C) 50 (D) 65 (E) None of these
14. On a track for remote-controlled racing cars, car A completes the track in 55 seconds while car B completes
it in 35 seconds. If they both start at the same time, after how many seconds will they be side by side again?
(A) 275 (B) 325 (C) 385 (D) 425 (E) None of these
15. In a class of 25 students, 10 have less than 6 marbles, 10 have more than 7 marbles and 4 have more than
8 marbles. How many students have more than 5 marbles but less than 9 marbles?
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 13 (E) None of these
16. Two numbers individually are less than a third number by 60% and 74% respectively. By what percentage is
the second number less than the first?
(A) 18 (B) 27 (C) 30 (D) 35 (E) None of these
17. In an exam, A scoring 40% marks fails by 10 marks; B scoring 50% marks gets 10 more than the passing
marks. What was the total mark in the exam?
(A) 88 (B) 100 (C) 160 (D) 200 (E) None of these
18. There are 87 balls in a jar. Each ball is painted with at least one of two colors, red and green. It is observed
that 2/7 of the balls that have red color also have green color, while 3/7 of the balls that have green color
also have red color. What fraction of the balls in the jar has both red and green colors?
(A) 6/14 (B) 2/7 (C) 6/35 (D) 6/29 (E) None of these
19. At a certain bookstore, the regular price of each book is 20% less than its list price. If during a sale the price
was 15% less than its regular price, then the sale price was what percent less than the list price?
(A) 30% (B) 32% (C) 40% (D) 42% (E) None of these
20. In an exam 62% of the students were declared as passed. However, due to a compilation error, 20% of
those who actually passed were shown as failed, and 20% of those who actually failed were declared as
passed. What percent of the students actually passed?

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(A) 68 (B) 70 (C) 72 (D) 75 (E) None of these
21. If y is an integer and 15 < y < 25, which of the following could be the average (arithmetic mean) of 12, 14,
17, 23 and y?
(A) 13.2 (B) 15.6 (C) 16.8 (D) 18.2 (E) 19.5
22. If ab < 0, then all of the following must be true EXCEPT —
(A) a/b < 0 (B) a2 + b2 > 0
(C) a3 + b3 < 0 (D) b/a < 0
(E) None of these
23. The weight of a box is estimated by three persons. A says it is at least 50 kg but less than 60 kg; B says it is
more than 45 kg but less than 58 kg; C says it cannot be greater than 56 kg. If all are correct, what is the
average of the different probable integer weights of the box?
(A) 52 (B) 53 (C) 54 (D) 55 (E) None of these
24. If −1 < x < 1 and x ≠ 0, which of the following must be true? I. x3 < x2 II. x⁵ < 1 − x III. x⁴ < x2
(A) I only (B) I and II only
(C) II and III only (D) I and III only
(E) I, II and III
25. If xy < 0, then which of the following must be true?
(A) (x + y)2 > x2 + y2 (B) (x − y)2 < x2 + y2
(C) (x − y)2 > x2 − y2 (D) Both A & C
(E) None of these
26. If x and y are both integers, x > y and −5x > 26, then what would be the largest value of y?
(A) −5 (B) −6 (C) −7 (D) −8 (E) None of these
27. If a - b = 3 and a2 + b2 = 29, what is the value of ab? [BCIC AM 2025 (June)]
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 15 (D) 18 (E) None of these
28. (x - 2)2 + (x - 1)2 + x2 + (x + 1)2 + (x + 2)2 is equal to which of the following? [IBA MBA 67]
(A) 5x + x2 (B) 5x2 + 10
(C) 5x2 + 10x + 20 (D) x2 + 10
(E) None of these
29. Yoga company Yoga for Life offers 45-minute classes at Tk. 12 per class. If the number of minutes Randolph
did yoga this month was 132 greater than the money he paid, how many classes did he attend?
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) 8
30. 5 times a number is equal to 2 times the cube of the number less than 6. What is the square of the number?
(A) 1/4 (B) 2 (C) 9/4 (D) 4 (E) None of these

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31. The cost of 12 pencils and 10 pens is Tk. 320. The cost of 20 pencils and 15 pens is Tk. 500. What is the
difference between the cost of a pen and a pencil?
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20 (E) None of these
32. If (a + a + a) = (b + b + b + b) and (a + b) = 7, then what is the value of (a2 − b2)?
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 7 (E) None of these
33. Wall-to-wall carpeting installed in a hallway at Tk. 425 per sq. ft. The hallway's perimeter is 44% of its area,
and length is 50 feet. Find total carpeting cost.
(A) 182,950 (B) 125,500 (C) 106,250 (D) 72,165 (E) None of these
34. A square painting is surrounded by a frame. The outside edges of the frame are x inches in length and there
is a 4-inch border between the painting and the frame. What is the total area of the border?
(A) 16x (B) 16(x − 4) (C) 8(x − 2) (D) 4x2 (E) x2 − 64
35. In the figure, O is the centre of the circle, OA ⊥ OB, and the radius is 2√2. The perimeter of triangle AOB
equals?

(A) 4√2 + 4 (B) 4√2 + 2 (C) √2 (D) 8√2 (E) None of these
36. In a right triangle, a > b > c and the area is 3 sq. cm. What is the range of values of b?
(A) b > √6 (B) 4 > b > 1
(C) 3 > b > 1 (D) 4 > b > 2
(E) None of these
37. Water is poured into an empty cylindrical tank at a constant rate. In 15 minutes, the height of the water
increases by 9 feet. The radius of the tank is 10 feet. What is the rate at which water is poured?
(A) 54π cubic ft/min (B) 90π cubic ft/min
(C) 60π cubic ft/min (D) 11π ft/min
(E) None of these
38. Two servers Alpha and Beta process 2/3 of data in 1 hr 20 min. Then Alpha crashes; Beta does the rest in
50 min. How long would Alpha alone take for the full dataset?
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 12 (E) 14

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39. Pipe A fills a tank in 24 minutes; pipe B empties it in 40 minutes. When the tank reaches 3/4 full (with both
pipes running), pipe B is closed. How much total time (from when A started) does A need to fill the tank?
(A) 9 minutes (B) 12 minutes
(C) 15 minutes (D) 18 minutes
(E) None of these
40. Three workers A, B, C working individually can complete a task in 30, 15, and 10 days respectively. A starts
alone; B helps on every 2nd day and C helps on every 3rd day. On which day will the task be completed?
(A) 10th (B) 12th (C) 14th (D) 15th (E) None of these
41. Working 11 hr/day, 24 men + 33 women complete a road in 78 days. The capacity of 3 women equals 1
man. The road must now be built in 55 days at 13 hr/day. If only 27 women are present, how many men are
needed?
(A) 33 (B) 45 (C) 87 (D) 99 (E) None of these
42. Babu imports pens, sells at 80% profit. Due to exchange-rate change, his import cost rises 20%. If selling
price unchanged, what is the new profit %?
(A) 40% (B) 48% (C) 50% (D) 52% (E) None of these
43. Helen bought a conference ticket for $252. If she'd bought it 1 day later, she would have paid $306. How
many days in advance did she buy her ticket? Discount schedule: 5–29 days: 15% · 30–59 days: 30% · 60–
89 days: 40%. (Same as Dec 2019 Q19)
(A) 5 (B) 30 (C) 59 (D) 60 (E) 89
44. Syntax Cement gives a 15% commission on the printed price of each sack of cement when sold to dealers
and gains a profit of 19%. If the commission is decreased to 10%, the new profit percentage will be —
(A) 21% (B) 25% (C) 26% (D) 35% (E) None of these
45. Arif bought a pen at a 30% discount on the listed price. A few months later, he found that the price for the
same pen had increased by 50%, and the discount he got in Tk. remained the same. How much discount (in
%) did Arif get on the new listed price?
(A) 10% (B) 15% (C) 20% (D) 22.5% (E) None of these
46. Nabil ran the first 5 km of a 10-km race at 12 km/hr. He finished the race in 55 minutes. What was his
constant rate for the rest?
(A) 12 km/hr (B) 11 km/hr (C) 10 km/hr (D) 9 km/hr (E) None of these
47. In a picnic, A travelled P% of the journey at 20 km/hr and the remaining at 30 km/hr. What is his average
speed?
(A) 6000/(P + 200) (B) (P + 200)/6000
(C) (100 − P)/30 (D) 6000/(P − 200)
(E) None of these

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48. Azam can swim 10 km upstream and 25 km downstream in 12 hours. He can also swim 15 km upstream
and 50 km downstream in 20 hours. How many hours will it take him to cover 17.5 km downstream if the rate
of current increases by 40%?
(A) 4.5 hr (B) 4 hr (C) 3.5 hr (D) 3 hr (E) None of these
49. If (257.5×52.5) / 1251.5 = 5x, the value of x is: [IBA MBA 68]
(A) 8 (B) 11 (C) 13 (D) 14 (E) None of these
50. x = (2 − √2)/(2 + √2). Find (x − 3)2.
(A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 12 (E) None of these

MOCK TEST 2
50 Questions · 45 minutes ·

1. Silver is 26 times as heavy as Gold and Iron is 17 times as heavy as Gold. You have to prepare a mixture (of
Silver & Iron) which is 23 times as heavy as Gold. What will be the ratio of Iron to Silver in the mixture?
(A) 2 : 1 (B) 2 : 3 (C) 3 : 5 (D) 1 : 2 (E) None of these
2. The capacity of jar A is 8 litres and that of jar B is 12 litres. If 8 litres of water are to be poured in the two jars
in such a way that each is filled to the same fraction of its capacity, how many litres of water must be poured
in jar B?
(A) 52/10 (B) 32/7 (C) 24/5 (D) 42/9 (E) None of these
3. Arif, Babu and Salam have x, y and z marbles respectively. If x = 6y = 3z, what fraction of his marbles should
Arif give to Babu and Salam so that all three have equal numbers?
(A) 1/5 (B) 1/4 (C) 1/3 (D) 1/2 (E) None of these
4. A drink contains 20% mango juice, 20% guava juice, and the rest apple juice. You added 250 ml of water to
750 ml of the drink. What is the ratio of water to apple juice in the diluted drink?
(A) 6:5 (B) 9:5 (C) 5:12 (D) 5:9 (E) None of these
5. R:B = 3:5. R +20%, B +5. New ratio same. Original red?
(A) 12 (B) 15 (C) 24 (D) 30 (E) None of these
6. DS: BBA:MBA:EMBA = 5:4:3. Total in room? (1) BBA+EMBA = 16 (2) MBA <10 A B C D E
(A) Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
(B) Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
(C) BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER alone is sufficient.
(D) EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
(E) Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
7. Cashew 500/kg, pistachio 580/kg. Mix at 550/kg. Ratio?
(A) 2:3 (B) 3:4 (C) 3:5 (D) 4:5 (E) None of these

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8. When a positive integer x is divided by 5 the remainder is 1. When x is divided by 8, the remainder is 4.
What is the smallest positive integer y such that (x + y) is divisible by 40?
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 9 (D) 13 (E) None of these
9. If x and y are integers and xy2 is a positive odd integer, which of the following must be true? I. xy is positive
II. xy is odd III. x + y is even
(A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and II (E) II and III
10. If x and y are positive integers, and x = 2y and z = 3x, then which of the following must be true?
(A) x/2 is a factor of z (B) 2x is a factor of z
(C) 3x is a factor of z/2 (D) z is a factor of y
(E) all of these
11. If x, y and z are consecutive positive integers and x < y < z, which of the following must be a positive even
integer?
(A) x + y − z (B) x − y + z
(C) yz − x (D) (x − z)y
(E) None of these
12. DS: n integer. Is n3+n2-n+2 odd? (1) n>0 (2) n odd A B C D E
(A) Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
(B) Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
(C) BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER alone is sufficient.
(D) EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
(E) Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
13. What is the smallest positive integer n such that the product 1152 × n is a perfect square?
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) None of these
14. If x and y are integers and 7x − 4y = 20, which of the following could be the value of x?
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 15 (E) None of these
15. At a certain club, the number of male members is twice that of female members. If 1/4 of the male members
are engineers and 1/5 of the female members are engineers, what fraction of the members are non-
engineers?
(A) 13/25 (B) 23/30 (C) 2/5 (D) 8/19 (E) None of these
16. In a class, 200 chocolates were distributed equally among the students such that the number of chocolates
each student received is 12.5% of the total number of students. How many chocolates did each student
receive?
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 8 (D) 10 (E) None of these

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17. In a box, 40% of the pens are red. If half of the red pens are removed, the percentage of red pens in the box
will be —
(A) 20% (B) 22.5% (C) 25% (D) 30% (E) None of these
18. In a club one half of the members are male and the other half are female. Forty percent of the members are
engineers and the rest are architects. If 15% of the members are male engineers, what percent of the
members are female architects?
(A) 15 (B) 25 (C) 30 (D) 35 (E) None of these
19. Among the members of a club there are three times as many doctors as engineers. Half of the club
members are female and 4/5 of the male members are doctors. What percent of the club members are
female engineers?
(A) 10 (B) 15 (C) 20 (D) 25 (E) None of these
20. Repair 4000 OR trade-in 2000 toward new 8400. Trading cost vs repair %?
(A) 44 (B) 60 (C) 70 (D) 75 (E) None of these
21. If x > −1 and x > x⁵, which of the following must be true?
(A) x > 1 (B) 0 < x < 1 (C) −1 ≤ x < 0 (D) x > 0 (E) None of these
22. If x is an integer and y = −4x + 17, what is the least value of x for which y is less than 1?
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) None of these
23. The average age of 8 students is 20. The average of the first two is 19, and that of the next three is 21. If the
age of the sixth student is less than that of the seventh and eighth student by 2 and 3 respectively, find the
age of the eighth student.
(A) 18 (B) 21 (C) 24 (D) 27 (E) None of these
24. If x > 0, which of the following must be true? I. x − x2 < 0 II. 2x − 1 > 0 III. x2 − x3 > 0
(A) Only I (B) Only II
(C) Only III (D) All of these
(E) None of these
25. After 3 quizzes Apu had an average of 12 marks per quiz. In order to increase the average by n marks, what
should be the score in his 4th quiz?
(A) 4n (B) 36 + 3n (C) 12n (D) 12 + 4n (E) None of these
26. If x and y are non-zero integers such that 3x = 2y, then which of the following must be true? i. y/x > 1 ii. xy is
positive iii. x − y is positive
(A) i (B) ii (C) both i & ii (D) both ii and iii (E) i, ii and iii
27. If ax + by = a - b and bx - ay = a + b, what is the value of x? [BCIC AO 2025 (Feb)]
(A) 2 (B) 1.5 (C) 1 (D) 2.5 (E) None of these
28. Akil has 5 fewer pens than Kibria. If Akil gives Kibria 5 pens, Kibria will have 4 times as many as Akil. How
many pens does Akil have?

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(A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 10 (D) 15 (E) None of these
29. 5x + y = 25 where x, y are integers and y ≤ 25. How many (x, y) pairs are possible?
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 25 (D) Infinite (E) None of these
30. What should be the value of P in order for 4x2 − Px + 9 to be a perfect square?
(A) 20 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 16 (E) None of these
31. If 30% of (x − y) = 20% of (x + y), then what is the ratio of x to y?
(A) 5 : 1 (B) 3 : 1 (C) 4 : 1 (D) 5 : 2 (E) None of these
32. The selling price of 1 pen and 5 pencils is 50% of the selling price of 5 pens and 1 pencil. If the price of 1
pen and 1 pencil is Tk. 200, what is the price of a pencil in Tk?
(A) 40 (B) 50 (C) 60 (D) 80 (E) None of these
33. In the figure, ABDC is a rectangle. X is the midpoint of side AC and Y is the midpoint of side BD, so XY
∥ AB. What is the ratio of the area of rectangle ABDC to the area of triangle XYD?

(A) 4:1 (B) 5:1 (C) 6:1 (D) 5:2 (E) None of these
34. In the figure, O is the centre of the circle and square ABCD is inscribed in it. If the diagonal of the
square (a diameter of the circle) is 20 cm, what is the area of the shaded region between the circle and the
square? (Use π ≈ 3.14.)

(A) 86 cm2 (B) 100 cm2 (C) 114 cm2 (D) 128 cm2 (E) 200 cm2
35. The length of rectangular field X is 2 km greater than the side of square field Y, and the width of X is 2 km
less than the side of Y. If Y2 is the area of Y in sq. km, which gives the area in sq. km of X?
(A) y2 − 4 (B) y2 − 2 (C) y2 − 6 (D) y2 − 8 (E) None of these

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36. The perimeter of rectangle X is 240 m. The length of X is 10 m more than that of rectangle Y, and the width
of X is 10 m less than that of Y. If Y is a square, find the area of rectangle X.
(A) 3000 (B) 3200 (C) 3500 (D) 4000 (E) None of these
37. In the figure, a semicircle is drawn inside the circle, with its diameter on a diameter of the circle and with
the same centre O. The shaded region between the semicircle’s arc and the circle is 1 cm wide
everywhere. If the radius of the outer circle is 10 cm, what is the radius of the inner semicircle?

(A) 9 cm (B) 7 cm (C) 8.5 cm (D) 3.5 cm (E) None of these

38. Twelve workers fold 60 sheets in 9 minutes. If each works at the same rate, how long will 27 workers take to
fold 180 sheets?
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 11 (D) 14 (E) None of these
39. A company makes a product for 30 hours using three machines A, B and C. A produces 36 units per 6
hours; B produces 6 units per 12 hours; C produces 33 units per 12 hours. The company uses B and C for
the first 12 hours, A and B for the next 6 hours, and A and C for the remaining time. What is the total units
produced?
(A) 181 (B) 183 (C) 168 (D) 175 (E) None of these
40. A man can build a hut in 9 days; a woman in 12 days; a boy in 18 days. After working together for 2 days,
the man left and the woman & the boy continued the work. If the total wage is Tk. 7910, how much should
the boy receive based on the work done?
(A) Tk. 2260 (B) Tk. 3390
(C) Tk. 4520 (D) Tk. 5085
(E) None of these
41. John appointed 25 persons to complete a small bridge in 40 days. After 20 days, he appointed 15 more
workers and the bridge was completed 5 days earlier. If he had not appointed additional workers, by how
many days would he have been behind the scheduled time?
(A) 2 days (B) 3 days (C) 4 days (D) 5 days (E) 7 days
42. Pen price is twice pencil's. Selling 40 pens yields a profit equal to the price of 20 pencils. What is the profit
percentage?
(A) 12.5% (B) 20% (C) 25% (D) 33⅓% (E) 50%

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43. Someone bought x pens at Tk. 7 each and 2x pens of another kind at Tk. 10 each. He sold them at Tk. 96
per dozen and made a loss of Tk. 720. How many pens did he buy in total?
(A) 825 (B) 720 (C) 603 (D) 240 (E) None of these
44. A salesperson bought an item for Tk. X and marked it up by 50%. He could not sell in Q1 and provided a
20% discount on the marked-up price. Item still unsold in Q2, so he charged 70% of the discounted value.
What is the latest sales price in terms of X?
(A) 0.60X (B) 0.84X (C) 0.96X (D) 1.05X (E) None of these
45. If selling price is doubled, profit triples. Find the profit in percentage.
(A) 50 (B) 100 (C) 150 (D) 200 (E) None of these
46. Zahir covers 58 km in 6.5 hours if he travels 48 km by cycle and rest walking. He needs 80 more minutes for
the same distance if he travels 40 km by cycle. Find ratio of cycling speed to walking speed.
(A) 5:2 (B) 3:1 (C) 7:3 (D) 8:5 (E) None of these
47. Train Karnafuli starts from Chittagong at 6 a.m. and reaches Dhaka at 4 p.m. Train Paharika starts from
Dhaka at 7 a.m. and reaches Chittagong at 7:30 p.m. At what time will the trains cross each other?
(A) 11 a.m. (B) 11:40 a.m.
(C) 12 p.m. (D) 12:45 p.m.
(E) None of these
48. Train Green Arrow leaves Station A for Station B every day at 7 p.m. On a certain day it was delayed by 2
hours. To cover up the time, it increased its average speed by 20% but still arrived at Station B 1 hour later
than the scheduled time. What is the usual duration of the train's journey from A to B?
(A) 6 hours (B) 6.5 hours
(C) 8 hours (D) 8.5 hours
(E) None of these
49. Which of the following is the largest? [NSI AD 2025]
(A) 227 (B) 1253 (C) 518 (D) 44×1024 (E) 279
50. Evaluate: 112 + 222 + 332 + 442 + 552 + 662
(A) 9,009 (B) 10,010 (C) 11,011 (D) 12,012 (E) 13,013

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MOCK TEST 3
50 Questions · 45 minutes ·

1. One year ago, the ratio of salaries of Nasir and Gaurav was 5 : 8. The ratio between this year's and last
year's salary of Nasir is 28 : 25, and the same for Gaurav's is 23 : 20. If the sum of their present salaries is
Tk. 1184, what is the difference between their present salaries?
(A) Tk. 448 (B) Tk. 340 (C) Tk. 288 (D) Tk. 240 (E) None of these
2. A mixture of sugar and water contains sugar and water in the ratio 3:2. Another mixture contains sugar and
water in the ratio 2:5. In what ratio should the two mixtures be mixed so that the resultant mixture contains
equal proportion of sugar and water?
(A) 2:1 (B) 3:1 (C) 3:2 (D) 4:1 (E) None of these
3. The current ratio of the ages of a man and his wife is 4:3. At the time of marriage the ratio was 5:3, and after
4 years this ratio will become 9:7. How many years ago were they married?
(A) 12 (B) 6 (C) 3 (D) 2 (E) None of these
4. A box contains 200 marbles of which 15% are black and the rest are red. If 100 marbles (comprising black
and red) are added to the box, how many of them should be black so that the ratio of black to red marbles
becomes 1:5?
(A) 20 (B) 25 (C) 30 (D) 40 (E) None of these
5. The salaries of x and y are Tk. 26000 and Tk. 5000 respectively. If their salaries were increased by Tk. m,
then the ratio of their salaries would become 5 : 2. What is the value of m in Taka?
(A) 3000 (B) 4500 (C) 6000 (D) 9000 (E) None of these
6. Rina cycles the same distance on Monday and on Tuesday. Her Monday speed is 8 km/h faster than her
Tuesday speed. What is the ratio of the time taken on Monday to the time taken on Tuesday? (1) Her
Monday speed is 48 km/h. (2) Her Tuesday speed is 40 km/h.
(A) Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
(B) Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
(C) BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER alone is sufficient.
(D) EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
(E) Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
7. 3660 divided among X, Y, Z. After removing 10, 20, 30 → ratio 3:4:5. X's share?
(A) 890 (B) 905 (C) 910 (D) 915 (E) None of these
8. If x is the product of 4 consecutive integers, and x is divisible by 11, which of the following is NOT
necessarily a divisor of x?
(A) 12 (B) 22 (C) 24 (D) 33 (E) None of these
9. If x is an even integer and y and z are odd integers, which of the following CANNOT be an integer?
(A) x/y (B) y/z (C) z/y (D) xz/y (E) None of these

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10. If x and y are positive integers, each greater than 1 and if 13(x − 1) = 17(y − 1), what is the least possible
value of (x + y)?
(A) 32 (B) 30 (C) 26 (D) 25 (E) None of these
11. p, q pos int; p(p+q) even. Which MUST be true?
(A) p odd → q odd (B) p odd → q even
(C) p even → q even (D) p even → q odd
(E) None of these
12. DS: P>30. P>40? (1) P multiple of 3 (2) P multiple of 8 A B C D E
(A) Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
(B) Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
(C) BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER alone is sufficient.
(D) EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
(E) Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
13. If n is an integer greater than 5, which of the following must be divisible by 4?
(A) n(n+1)(n−2) (B) (n+4)(n−2)
(C) n(2n+4)(n−1) (D) (n+5)(n−2)
(E) None of these
14. When 117 chocolates are equally distributed among x number of students, you are left with (x − 9)
chocolates. Which of the following could be a value of x?
(A) 15 (B) 18 (C) 20 (D) 24 (E) None of these
15. In a club, 20% of the members are below 25 years of age. The number of members above 25 is 16, which is
two-thirds of the number of members of 25 years of age. What is the total number of members in the club?
(A) 50 (B) 52 (C) 60 (D) 72 (E) None of these
16. In a group, 30% of the men are more than 25 years old and 80% of the men are less than or equal to 50
years old. Twenty percent of all men play football. If 20% of the men above the age of 50 play football, what
percentage of the football players are less than or equal to 50 years?
(A) 50% (B) 60% (C) 75% (D) 80% (E) None of these
17. In a group of civil, mechanical and electrical engineers, all but 20 are civil engineers, all but 15 are
mechanical engineers, and all but 25 are electrical engineers. How many of them are electrical engineers?
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20 (E) None of these
18. The price of a TV was first discounted by a certain percent and then by another 20 percent of the discounted
price. If these two discounts are equivalent to a single discount of 32 percent of the original price, what was
the first discount?
(A) 10% (B) 12.5% (C) 15% (D) 26% (E) None of these

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19. In a class, a certain number of students opted to participate in a cultural competition comprising of 3 items —
music, recitation, and drama. Of these participants, 53% showed interest in music and 35% in recitation. If
8% of the students of the whole class showed interest in drama, what percent of the students did NOT
participate in the cultural program?
(A) 12% (B) 16.33% (C) 25% (D) 33.33% (E) None of these
20. 40% female. Add 40 male → female 30%. Female now?
(A) 40 (B) 42 (C) 46 (D) 48 (E) None of these
21. If x is an integer such that 5 < x < 11; 7 < x < 13; x + 2 < 12, then how many integers will satisfy x?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) None of these
22. The average of ten numbers is x and the average of five of the numbers is y. If the average of the remaining
five is z, then —
(A) x = y + z (B) z = x + 2y
(C) x = 2y + 2z (D) 2x = y + z
(E) None of these
23. Arif went to a restaurant with his 5 friends. He paid Tk. 100 and the others paid an equal amount each. The
average bill per person was Tk. 10 more than what each friend paid. How much did each friend pay?
(A) 30 (B) 32 (C) 36 (D) 40 (E) None of these
24. A batsman makes a score of 87 runs on the 17th innings and thus increases his average by 3. What is his
average after the 17th innings?
(A) 23 (B) 34 (C) 39 (D) 44 (E) None of these
25. Let x and y be integers. If (x + 1) > 0 and xy > 0, which of the following must be true?
(A) y > 0 (B) y < 0 (C) y > x (D) y < x (E) None of these
26. |x-12| = 4x. x?
(A) -8 (B) -4 (C) 1 (D) 4 (E) None of these
27. If x = (2 - √2) / (2 + √2), find the value of (x - 3)2. [IBA MBA 68]
(A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 12 (E) None of these
28. If x2 + 1/x2 = 10, what is x⁵ + 1/x⁵?
(A) 98√3 (B) 138√3 (C) 178√3 (D) 198√3 (E) 218√3
29. If f(−0.5) = 0, which of the following could be f(x)?
(A) 2x + 2 (B) 4x – 2 (C) 4x2 − 1 (D) x2 − 1 (E) (−x)2 − 2.5
30. Raju has x number of books, which is 3 times as many as Siam and ½ as many as Payel. How many books
do the three of them have altogether, in terms of x?
(A) 5x/6 (B) 7x/3 (C) 10x/3 (D) 7x/2 (E) None of these
31. If 4y − 3x = 5, what is the smallest integer value of x for which y > 100?

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(A) 130 (B) 131 (C) 132 (D) 135 (E) None of these
32. 3 children + 1 man = 6 children's weight. Child = 30 kg each. Man's weight?
(A) 76 (B) 95 (C) 110 (D) 90 (E) None of these
33. A rectangular garden of 32 × 28 sq. ft. is enclosed by a uniform walkway of 700 sq. ft. What is the breadth of
the walkway?
(A) 3 ft (B) 5 ft (C) 7 ft (D) 8 ft (E) 10 ft
34. A trapezium has two parallel sides of equal length. One of them is increased by 30% and the height between
them is decreased by 25%. Overall, area changes by what percentage?
(A) 13.75 (B) 23.5 (C) 23 (D) 24 (E) None of these
35. The sides of a rectangular field are in the ratio 3 : 2. If the area is 150 sq. cm, determine the perimeter in cm.
(A) 10 (B) 25 (C) 40 (D) 35 (E) None of these
36. In a rectangle, the length of the diagonal is 8 metres and the length of the perpendicular drawn on that
diagonal from the opposite corner is 4 metres. What is the area of the rectangle in square metres?
(A) 32 (B) 16 (C) 24 (D) 12 (E) None of these
37. In the figure, ABC is an equilateral triangle. D and E are the midpoints of sides AB and AC. A is the centre of
the circle. If BC = 42 cm, what is the area of the arc-sector ADE?

(A) 462 cm2 (B) 346.5 cm2

(C) 231 cm2 (D) 154 cm2
(E) None of these
38. Apu contracted a project for 40 days with 15 workers (15 workers can do the work in 40 days). After some
days, 5 workers want to leave. After how many days can Apu grant their leave so the project is completed on
time?
(A) 20 (B) 25 (C) 27 (D) 30 (E) None of these
39. Company PQR has 3 machines. Machine A takes 5 minutes to produce one item; Machine B takes 12
minutes to produce 2 items; Machine C takes 10 minutes to produce one item. If they run simultaneously,
how many hours will it take to produce 294 of the items?

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(A) 10 (B) 10.5 (C) 11 (D) 630 (E) None of these
40. If 30 men renovate 1/2 of a room's space in 120 days, how many days would 80 men require to renovate 1/3
of the remaining room space, assuming each person works at the same rate?
(A) 15 (B) 30 (C) 60 (D) 120 (E) None of these
41. A and B working together can finish a job in x days. If A works alone he takes x + 4 days, and B alone takes
x + 16 days. What is x?
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10 (E) None of these
42. A salesman sells 2 bicycles at Tk. 3200 each — one at a profit of 20% and the other at a loss of 20%. What
is the overall profit or loss percentage?
(A) 1% loss (B) 2.5% profit
(C) 4% loss (D) No loss no profit
(E) None of these
43. By selling 60 oranges for Tk. 624, the loss equals the cost price of 8 oranges. The cost price of one orange
is —
(A) 10 (B) 10.5 (C) 11 (D) 11.5 (E) None of these
44. Arif sold 100 pens, of which 50 are red and 50 are black, at Tk. 48 per pen. He made a profit of 20% on the
black pens and made a loss of 20% on the red pens. What was the net gain on this sale in Tk.?
(A) 0 (B) −50 (C) −100 (D) −200 (E) None of these
45. The cost prices of two articles P and Q are in the ratio 5 : 7 and their selling prices in the ratio 2 : 5. If the
losses on both products are the same, what is the ratio between the cost price and the selling price of Q?
(A) 5 : 4 (B) 7 : 3 (C) 8 : 3 (D) 15 : 4 (E) None of these
46. Jasfan and Jafran start from A to B with speeds 5 and 3 (km/h) respectively. As soon as Jasfan reaches B,
he turns back and meets Jafran on the way. How far from B do they meet, if distance A–B is 32 km?
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 4 (D) 10 (E) None of these
47. In a swimming competition, Saju beat Sajib by 60 seconds. Saju's speed is 69 m/min and Sajib's is 66
m/min. How long did it take Sajib to complete the competition?
(A) 20 min (B) 21 min (C) 22 min (D) 23 min (E) None of these
48. A jogger running at 9 kmph alongside a railway track is 240 metres ahead of the engine of a 120-metre long
train running at 45 kmph in the same direction. In how much time will the train pass the jogger?
(A) 3.6 sec (B) 18 sec (C) 36 sec (D) 72 sec (E) None of these
49. If 2x + 2y = 222, what is the value of x + y? [NSI AD 2025]
(A) 39 (B) 40 (C) 41 (D) 42 (E) None of these
50. 7√x + 24√x = 25√x. Find x.
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) A + C (E) None of these

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ANSWER KEYS & SOLUTIONS
Mock Test 1 — answers
1. (C) 200
Black in Box 1 = 24% of 500 = 120
Let, Box 2 have x marbles, so black in Box 2 = 0.1x
According to the question,
⇒ (120 + 0.1x)/(500 + x) = 0.20
⇒ 120 + 0.1x = 100 + 0.2x
⇒ 0.1x = 20
∴ x = 200
2. (C) 14
Let, C's age be c
Then, B = 2c and A = 2c + 3
According to the question,
⇒ (2c + 3) + 2c + c = 38
⇒ 5c = 35 ⇒ c = 7
∴ B = 2 × 7 = 14
3. (B) 13
Filter capacity = 8 × 1.3 = 10.4 litres
Jugs required = 10.4/0.8
∴ 13 jugs are required
4. (B) 400
First mixture = m + m = 2m kg
Revenue of first = 2m × 600 = 1200m
Second mixture = m + 2m = 3m kg; let its price be Tk. p per kg
According to the question,
⇒ 3mp = 1200m
∴ p = Tk. 400 per kg
5. (A) 4/3
Let, Babu's salary be B
Then, Arif = 2B, Kabir = (1/3) × 2B = 2B/3, Malek = (2/3) × B = 2B/3
Kabir + Malek = 2B/3 + 2B/3 = 4B/3
∴ Required proportion = (4B/3)/B = 4/3
6. (B) 1:5
Cost price of mixture = 70/1.2 = 175/3 per kg
By alligation,
Tk-50 rice : Tk-60 rice = (60 − 175/3) : (175/3 − 50)
= (5/3) : (25/3)
∴ Mix ratio = 1 : 5
(source-key correction: the original key gave E, which was wrong)
7. (B) 17000
Let, last year X = k, Y = 2k, Z = 3k
Z this year: 3k + 1000 = 25000
⇒ 3k = 24000 ⇒ k = 8000
∴ Y this year = 2 × 8000 + 1000 = 17000
8. (A) a is odd
a + b + c = 3 × 111 = 333
Given, b = c + 2
⇒ a + (c + 2) + c = 333
⇒ a = 331 − 2c = odd − even = odd for every c

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But c (and hence b) can be of either parity
∴ Only 'a is odd' must be true
9. (D) 53
Let, N = qd + 33, so divisor d > 33
2N leaves the same remainder as 66, and that remainder is 13
⇒ d divides 66 − 13 = 53
53 is prime and d > 33
∴ d = 53
10. (D) 61
Let, 3x = 4y = 7z = k
Least k making x, y, z integers = LCM(3, 4, 7) = 84
Then, x = 28, y = 21, z = 12
∴ Least x + y + z = 28 + 21 + 12 = 61
11. (D) 10
7y = 2x ⇒ 7 divides 2x, and gcd(7, 2) = 1
⇒ x is a multiple of 7
With 10 < x < 20, x = 14
⇒ y = 2 × 14/7 = 4
∴ x − y = 14 − 4 = 10
12. (E) None (all A-D are even)
x/12 odd ⇒ x = 12k with k odd
⇒ x2 = 144k2
x2/9 = 16k2, x2/12 = 12k2, x2/24 = 6k2, x2/36 = 4k2 — all even
∴ None of A-D fails to be even, so the answer is E
(source-key correction: the key's A was wrong — x is a multiple of 3,
so x2/9 = 16k2 is always an even integer)
13. (D) 65
390m = 150n
⇒ 13m = 5n (dividing by 30)
13 and 5 coprime ⇒ m = 5k, n = 13k
⇒ mn = 65k2, always divisible by 65
k = 1 shows 10, 45, 50 need not divide it
∴ mn must be divisible by 65
14. (C) 385
They are side by side again after whole laps of both cars,
i.e., at the LCM of the lap times
LCM(55, 35) = 5 × 7 × 11 = 385
∴ They meet again after 385 seconds
15. (B) 11
'More than 5 but less than 9' means having 6, 7 or 8 marbles
Excluded: 10 students with fewer than 6, and 4 with more than 8
⇒ 25 − 10 − 4 = 11
∴ 11 students qualify
16. (D) 35%
Let, the third number be 100
Then, first = 100 − 60 = 40 and second = 100 − 74 = 26
Difference = 40 − 26 = 14
∴ Required percentage = 14/40 = 35%
17. (D) 200
Let, total marks be T
Pass mark = 0.40T + 10 = 0.50T − 10

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⇒ 0.10T = 20
∴ T = 200
18. (D) 6/29
Let, x balls have both colors
Then, red = 7x/2 (since x = 2/7 of red) and green = 7x/3
Every ball has at least one color:
⇒ 7x/2 + 7x/3 − x = 87
⇒ 29x/6 = 87 ⇒ x = 18
∴ Fraction with both = 18/87 = 6/29
19. (B) 32%
Regular price = 0.80 × list price
Sale price = 0.85 × regular = 0.85 × 0.80 = 0.68 of list price
∴ Sale price is 100 − 68 = 32% less than the list price
20. (B) 70%
Let, the actual pass fraction be p
Declared passed = 80% of true passers + 20% of true failers
⇒ 0.8p + 0.2(1 − p) = 0.62
⇒ 0.6p = 0.42
∴ p = 0.70, i.e., 70% actually passed
21. (C) 16.8 (y=18)
Mean = (12 + 14 + 17 + 23 + y)/5 = (66 + y)/5
⇒ y = 5 × mean − 66
Option (C): y = 5 × 16.8 − 66 = 18, an integer with 15 < 18 < 25
Other options need y = 0, 12, 25 or 31.5 — none fits
∴ The mean could be 16.8
22. (C) a3+b3<0 need not hold
ab < 0 ⇒ a and b have opposite signs
So a/b < 0 and b/a < 0 always hold, and a2 + b2 > 0 for non-zero a, b
Option (C): a = 2, b = −1 gives ab = −2 < 0 but a 3 + b3 = 8 − 1 = 7 > 0
∴ a3 + b3 < 0 need not hold — (C) is the EXCEPT
23. (B) 53
A: 50 ≤ w < 60; B: 45 < w < 58; C: w ≤ 56
Intersection: 50 ≤ w ≤ 56
Probable integer weights: 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 — seven values
Average = 371/7 = 53
24. (D) I and III only
I: for 0 < x < 1, x3 < x2; for x < 0, x3 < 0 < x2 — holds
III: x4 = x2 × x2 < x2 since 0 < x2 < 1 — holds
II: at x = 0.9, x5 ≈ 0.59 but 1 − x = 0.1 — fails
∴ Only I and III must be true
(source-key correction: the original key gave E, which was wrong)
25. (C) (x-y)2>x2-y2
(x − y)2 − (x2 − y2) = 2y2 − 2xy = 2y(y − x)
With xy < 0: x > 0 > y makes both factors negative; y > 0 > x makes both positive
⇒ 2y(y − x) > 0, so (C) always holds
(A) fails: (x + y)2 = x2 + y2 + 2xy < x2 + y2
(B) fails: (x − y)2 = x2 + y2 − 2xy > x2 + y2
∴ Only (C) must be true
26. (C) -7
−5x > 26
⇒ x < −5.2 (dividing by −5 flips the inequality)
Largest integer x = −6

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y is an integer with y < x
∴ Largest possible y = −7
27. (A) 10
We know, (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2
⇒ 32 = 29 − 2ab
⇒ 2ab = 29 − 9 = 20
∴ ab = 10
28. (B) 5x2+10
Expand the five squares (x + k)2 for k = −2, −1, 0, 1, 2
Quadratic terms: 5x2
Linear terms: 2x(−2 − 1 + 0 + 1 + 2) = 0
Constants: 4 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 4 = 10
∴ The sum = 5x2 + 10
29. (B) 4
Let, Randolph attend n classes
Then, minutes = 45n and payment = 12n
According to the question,
⇒ 45n = 12n + 132
⇒ 33n = 132
∴ n = 4 classes
30. (D) 4
Let, the number be n: 5n = 2n3 − 6
⇒ 2n3 − 5n − 6 = 0
n = 2: 16 − 10 − 6 = 0 ✓
Factoring: (n − 2)(2n2 + 4n + 3) = 0, discriminant 16 − 24 < 0
So n = 2 is the only real root
∴ Square of the number = 22 = 4
31. (B) 10
Let, pencil = p and pen = q
12p + 10q = 320 and 20p + 15q = 500
⇒ 36p + 30q = 960 and 40p + 30q = 1000
⇒ 4p = 40 ⇒ p = 10
⇒ q = (320 − 120)/10 = 20
∴ Difference = 20 − 10 = 10
32. (D) 7
Given, 3a = 4b and a + b = 7
⇒ a = 4 and b = 3
a2 − b2 = (a + b)(a − b)
=7×1
∴ a2 − b2 = 7
33. (C) 106,250
Let, the width be w feet
According to the question,
⇒ 2(50 + w) = 0.44 × 50w
⇒ 100 + 2w = 22w ⇒ w = 5
Area = 50 × 5 = 250 sq ft
∴ Total cost = 250 × 425 = Tk. 106,250
34. (B) 16(x-4)
The 4-inch border sits on each side
⇒ Painting's side = x − 8 inches
Border area = x2 − (x − 8)2

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= 16x − 64
∴ Border area = 16(x − 4)
35. (A) 4√2+4
OA = OB = 2√2 and OA ⊥ OB, so triangle AOB is right isosceles at O
Hypotenuse AB = 2√2 × √2 = 4
Perimeter = 2√2 + 2√2 + 4
∴ Perimeter = 4√2 + 4
36. (A) b>√6
a > b > c ⇒ a is the hypotenuse, legs b and c
Area: (1/2)bc = 3 ⇒ bc = 6
b > c ⇒ b2 > bc = 6 ⇒ b > √6
No upper bound: c can be arbitrarily small with b large
∴ The range is b > √6
37. (C) 60π
Water added in 15 minutes = π × 102 × 9 = 900π cubic ft
Rate = 900π/15
∴ Rate = 60π cubic ft/min
38. (C) 10 hours
Combined rate = (2/3)/80 = 1/120 per minute
Beta's rate = (1/3)/50 = 1/150 per minute
Alpha's rate = 1/120 − 1/150 = 1/600 per minute
Alpha alone takes 600 minutes
∴ Alpha needs 10 hours for the full dataset
39. (E) None of these
Net fill rate with both = 1/24 − 1/40 = 1/60 tank per minute
Time to reach 3/4 full = (3/4) × 60 = 45 minutes
A alone fills the last 1/4 at 1/24 per minute: 24/4 = 6 minutes
Total time = 45 + 6 = 51 minutes
∴ Not among A-D, so the answer is E
40. (E) 11th day (not in A-D)
Take work in units of 1/30 task/day: A does 1 daily, B adds 2 on even days,
C adds 3 on days divisible by 3
Days 1-6: 1 + 3 + 4 + 3 + 1 + 6 = 18 units
Days 7-10: 1 + 3 + 4 + 3 = 11 units ⇒ 29 units after day 10
Day 11 (A alone) adds the final unit, reaching 30
∴ Task ends on the 11th day — not among A-D, so E
41. (A) 33
3 women = 1 man ⇒ original crew = 24 + 33/3 = 35 man-equivalents
Total work = 35 × 11 × 78 = 30030 man-hour-days
New crew: M men + 27 women = M + 9 man-equivalents
⇒ (M + 9) × 13 × 55 = 30030
⇒ M + 9 = 30030/715 = 42
∴ M = 33 men
42. (C) 50%
Let, the original cost be 100
Then, selling price = 180 (80% profit)
New cost = 120; selling price stays 180
Profit = 180 − 120 = 60
∴ New profit % = 60/120 = 50%
43. (B) 30 days
Let, the full price be F = 360
252 = 0.70 × 360 — the 30% tier (30-59 days ahead)

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306 = 0.85 × 360 — the 15% tier (5-29 days ahead)
One day later drops her from the 30% tier to the 15% tier
∴ She bought on the tier boundary — exactly 30 days in advance
44. (C) 26%
With 15% commission, dealer pays 0.85P on printed price P
19% profit on cost C: 0.85P = 1.19C ⇒ P = 1.4C
With 10% commission: dealer pays 0.90P = 0.90 × 1.4C = 1.26C
∴ New profit = 26%
45. (C) 20%
Let, the original list price be 100
30% discount ⇒ discount = Tk. 30
New list price = 100 × 1.5 = 150; discount still Tk. 30
∴ Discount rate = 30/150 = 20%
46. (C) 10 km/hr
First 5 km at 12 km/hr takes 5/12 hr = 25 minutes
Remaining time = 55 − 25 = 30 minutes for 5 km
∴ Rate for the rest = 5/0.5 = 10 km/hr
47. (A) 6000/(P+200)
Take the journey as 100 km
Time = P/20 + (100 − P)/30
= (3P + 200 − 2P)/60 = (P + 200)/60 hours
Average speed = 100 ÷ ((P + 200)/60)
∴ Average speed = 6000/(P + 200) km/hr
48. (E) ≈2.41 hr (not listed)
Let, upstream speed = u, downstream speed = d
10/u + 25/d = 12 and 15/u + 50/d = 20 ⇒ u = 1.25, d = 6.25 km/hr
Still-water speed = (u + d)/2 = 3.75; current = (d − u)/2 = 2.5 km/hr
Current up 40%: 2.5 × 1.4 = 3.5 ⇒ new downstream speed = 3.75 + 3.5 = 7.25
Time = 17.5/7.25 ≈ 2.41 hours
∴ Matches none of A-D, so the answer is E
49. (C) 13
Convert to base 5: 257.5 = 515 and 1251.5 = 54.5
So (257.5 × 52.5)/1251.5 = 515 + 2.5 − 4.5
= 513
∴ x = 13
50. (C) 8
x = (2 − √2)/(2 + √2) = (2 − √2)2/((2 + √2)(2 − √2))
= (6 − 4√2)/2 = 3 − 2√2
⇒ x − 3 = −2√2
∴ (x − 3)2 = 8

Mock Test 2 — answers

1. (D) Iron : Silver = 1 : 2
Weights per unit of Gold: Silver = 26, Iron = 17, mixture = 23
By alligation, Iron : Silver = (26 − 23) : (23 − 17)
=3:6=1:2
Check: (17 × 1 + 26 × 2)/3 = 69/3 = 23
∴ Iron : Silver = 1 : 2
2. (C) 24/5 litres
Let, each jar be filled to the same fraction f of its capacity

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According to the question,
⇒ 8f + 12f = 8
⇒ 20f = 8 ⇒ f = 2/5
∴ Water poured in jar B = (2/5) × 12 = 24/5 litres
3. (D) 1/2
Given, x = 6y = 3z ⇒ y = x/6 and z = x/3
Total = x + x/6 + x/3 = 3x/2
Each equal share = (3x/2)/3 = x/2
Arif gives away x − x/2 = x/2
∴ Fraction of his marbles given = (x/2)/x = 1/2
4. (D) 5 : 9
Apple juice = 100% − 20% − 20% = 60% of the drink
Apple juice in 750 ml = 0.60 × 750 = 450 ml
Water added = 250 ml
∴ Water : apple juice = 250 : 450 = 5 : 9
5. (B) 15
Let, R = 3k and B = 5k
According to the question,
⇒ 1.2 × 3k/(5k + 5) = 3/5
⇒ 18k = 15k + 15
⇒ 3k = 15 ⇒ k = 5
∴ Original red = 3 × 5 = 15
6. (A) (1) alone sufficient
Let, BBA = 5k, MBA = 4k, EMBA = 3k ⇒ total = 12k
Statement (1): 5k + 3k = 8k = 16 ⇒ k = 2 ⇒ total = 24 — sufficient
Statement (2): 4k < 10 ⇒ k = 1 or 2 ⇒ total 12 or 24 — not sufficient
∴ Statement (1) alone is sufficient
7. (C) 3 : 5
By alligation about the mixture price 550:
Cashew : Pistachio = (580 − 550) : (550 − 500) = 30 : 50 = 3 : 5
Check: (500 × 3 + 580 × 5)/8 = 4400/8 = 550 per kg
∴ Ratio = 3 : 5
8. (B) 4
x ≡ 1 (mod 5) and x ≡ 4 (mod 8) ⇒ x ≡ 36 (mod 40)
Smallest such x = 36 (36 ÷ 5 leaves 1, 36 ÷ 8 leaves 4)
Need x + y divisible by 40 ⇒ 36 + y ≡ 0 (mod 40)
⇒ smallest positive y = 4 (36 + 4 = 40), same for every valid x
∴y=4
9. (E) II and III
xy2 positive odd ⇒ y2 odd ⇒ y odd; and x is odd and positive (y2 > 0)
II: xy = odd × odd = odd — true
III: x + y = odd + odd = even — true
I: x = 1, y = −1 gives xy2 = 1 but xy = −1 — fails
∴ Only II and III must be true
10. (A) x/2 is a factor of z
Given, x = 2y and z = 3x = 6y
Option (A): x/2 = y, and y divides 6y — holds
Option (B): 2x = 4y need not divide 6y — fails
Option (C): 3x = 6y = z, not a factor of z/2 = 3y — fails
Option (D): z = 6y is a multiple of y, not a factor — fails
∴ Only option (A) must be true

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11. (E) None of these
Let, y = x + 1 and z = x + 2
Option (A): x + y − z = x − 1 (0 at x = 1, odd at x = 2) — fails
Option (B): x − y + z = x + 1, parity varies — fails
Option (C): yz − x = x2 + 2x + 2 = 5 at x = 1, odd — fails
Option (D): (x − z)y = −2(x + 1), even but always negative — fails
∴ No option is guaranteed positive and even
12. (B) (2) alone sufficient
n even: n3 + n2 − n + 2 = even + even − even + even = even
n odd: odd + odd − odd + even = odd
So the expression is odd exactly when n is odd
Statement (2): n odd ⇒ expression odd — sufficient
Statement (1): n = 1 gives 3 (odd), n = 2 gives 12 (even) — not sufficient
∴ Statement (2) alone is sufficient
13. (A) 2
1152 = 27 × 32
A perfect square needs all even exponents; only the exponent of 2 is odd
⇒ n = 2 gives 28 × 32 = (24 × 3)2 = 482 = 2304
∴ Smallest n = 2
14. (B) 8
7x = 20 + 4y ⇒ 7x must be divisible by 4
gcd(7, 4) = 1 ⇒ x must be a multiple of 4
Only x = 8 among the options; then y = (56 − 20)/4 = 9, an integer
x = 6, 9, 15 leave 7x not divisible by 4 — fail
∴x=8
15. (B) 23/30
Let, females = F ⇒ males = 2F, total = 3F
Engineers = (1/4)(2F) + (1/5)F = F/2 + F/5 = 7F/10
Non-engineers = 3F − 7F/10 = 23F/10
∴ Required fraction = (23F/10)/(3F) = 23/30
16. (B) 5
Let, the number of students be S; each gets 12.5% of S = S/8 chocolates
According to the question,
⇒ S × S/8 = 200
⇒ S2 = 1600 ⇒ S = 40
∴ Each student received 40/8 = 5 chocolates
17. (C) 25%
Let, total pens = 100 ⇒ red pens = 40
Removing half the red pens ⇒ red = 20, total = 100 − 20 = 80
∴ Red pens = 20/80 = 25%
18. (B) 25
Engineers = 40% of members; male engineers = 15%
⇒ Female engineers = 40 − 15 = 25%
Females = 50% of members
∴ Female architects = 50 − 25 = 25%
19. (B) 15
Doctors : engineers = 3 : 1 ⇒ engineers = 25%, doctors = 75%
Males = 50%; male doctors = (4/5) × 50 = 40%
⇒ Male engineers = 50 − 40 = 10%
∴ Female engineers = 25 − 10 = 15% of the members
20. (B) 60%
Net cost of trading in = 8400 − 2000 = Tk. 6400

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Repair cost = Tk. 4000
Excess = 6400 − 4000 = 2400
∴ Trading in costs 2400/4000 = 60% more than repairing
21. (B) 0 < x < 1
x > x 5 ⇒ x − x5 > 0
⇒ x(1 − x)(1 + x)(1 + x2) > 0
⇒ x < −1 or 0 < x < 1
Given x > −1, the branch x < −1 is excluded
∴0<x<1
22. (D) 5
Require y < 1:
⇒ −4x + 17 < 1
⇒ 4x > 16 ⇒ x > 4
Least integer x = 5, giving y = −20 + 17 = −3 < 1
∴x=5
23. (B) 21
Total of 8 students = 8 × 20 = 160
First two = 2 × 19 = 38; next three = 3 × 21 = 63
Last three = 160 − 38 − 63 = 59
Let, sixth = s ⇒ seventh = s + 2, eighth = s + 3
⇒ 3s + 5 = 59 ⇒ s = 18
∴ Age of the eighth student = 18 + 3 = 21
24. (E) None of these
I: 0 < x < 1 gives x − x2 = x(1 − x) > 0 — fails
II: x = 0.1 gives 2x − 1 = −0.8 < 0 — fails
III: x = 2 gives x2 − x3 = 4 − 8 < 0 — fails
∴ None of the statements must be true for all x > 0
25. (D) 12 + 4n
Total after 3 quizzes = 3 × 12 = 36
New average = 12 + n ⇒ required total = 4(12 + n) = 48 + 4n
4th score = (48 + 4n) − 36
∴ Score in the 4th quiz = 12 + 4n
26. (C) both i and ii
3x = 2y with nonzero integers ⇒ x = 2k, y = 3k for nonzero integer k
i: y/x = 3k/2k = 3/2 > 1 — holds
ii: xy = 6k2 > 0 — holds
iii: x − y = −k < 0 when k > 0 — can fail
∴ Only i and ii must be true
27. (C) 1
Multiply the first equation by a: a2 x + aby = a2 − ab
Multiply the second by b: b2 x − aby = ab + b2
Adding, (a2 + b2)x = a2 + b2
⇒ x = 1 (with y = −1)
∴x=1
28. (C) 10
Let, Akil have A pens ⇒ Kibria has A + 5
After the transfer: Akil = A − 5, Kibria = A + 10
According to the question,
⇒ A + 10 = 4(A − 5)
⇒ 3A = 30 ⇒ A = 10
∴ Akil has 10 pens (Kibria 15; check: 20 = 4 × 5)

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29. (D) Infinite
y = 25 − 5x
y ≤ 25 ⇒ 25 − 5x ≤ 25 ⇒ x ≥ 0, with no upper bound
Every integer x = 0, 1, 2, … gives an integer pair (x, 25 − 5x)
∴ Infinitely many pairs
30. (C) 12
Perfect square with leading term 4x2 and constant 9: (2x − 3)2
(2x − 3)2 = 4x2 − 12x + 9
Matching the middle term, P = 2 × 2 × 3 = 12
∴ P = 12
31. (A) 5 : 1
30% of (x − y) = 20% of (x + y)
⇒ 3(x − y) = 2(x + y)
⇒ 3x − 3y = 2x + 2y
⇒ x = 5y
∴x:y=5:1
32. (B) 50
Let, pen = p and pencil = c
According to the question, p + 5c = (1/2)(5p + c)
⇒ 2p + 10c = 5p + c ⇒ 9c = 3p ⇒ p = 3c
Given, p + c = 200 ⇒ 4c = 200 ⇒ c = 50
∴ Price of a pencil = Tk. 50 (pen Tk. 150)
33. (A) 4 : 1
Area of rectangle ABDC = AB × AC
XY joins the midpoints of AC and BD ⇒ XY = AB, YD = BD/2 = AC/2
Area of triangle XYD = (1/2) × AB × (AC/2) = (AB × AC)/4
∴ Rectangle : triangle = 4 : 1
34. (C) 114 cm2
Diagonal = diameter = 20 cm ⇒ radius = 10 cm
Circle area = π × 102 ≈ 3.14 × 100 = 314 cm2
Square area = d2/2 = 202/2 = 200 cm2
∴ Shaded region = 314 − 200 = 114 cm2
35. (A) y2 − 4
Let, the side of square Y be y ⇒ area of Y = y2
X measures (y + 2) by (y − 2)
Area of X = (y + 2)(y − 2)
∴ Area of X = y2 − 4 sq. km
36. (C) 3500
Let, side of square Y = s ⇒ X measures (s + 10) by (s − 10)
Perimeter of X = 2[(s + 10) + (s − 10)] = 4s = 240
⇒ s = 60 ⇒ X is 70 m by 50 m
∴ Area of X = 70 × 50 = 3500 sq m
37. (A) 9 cm
The band between the semicircle's arc and the circle is 1 cm wide everywhere
⇒ the two arcs are concentric with radii differing by 1 cm
Inner radius = 10 − 1 = 9
∴ Radius of the inner semicircle = 9 cm
38. (E) None of these (12 minutes)
One worker folds 60/(12 × 9) = 5/9 sheet per minute
27 workers fold 27 × 5/9 = 15 sheets per minute
Time for 180 sheets = 180/15 = 12 minutes
∴ 12 minutes — not among options A–D, so (E)

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39. (B) 183
Hourly rates: A = 36/6 = 6, B = 6/12 = 0.5, C = 33/12 = 2.75 units/h
First 12 h (B + C): 3.25 × 12 = 39
Next 6 h (A + B): 6.5 × 6 = 39
Last 12 h (A + C): 8.75 × 12 = 105
∴ Total = 39 + 39 + 105 = 183 units
40. (E) None of these (≈ Tk 2461)
Daily rates: man = 1/9, woman = 1/12, boy = 1/18
In 2 days together: 2 × (4 + 3 + 2)/36 = 1/2 of the hut done
Woman + boy finish the half at 5/36 per day, taking 18/5 days
Boy's share of work = 2/18 + (18/5)/18 = 1/9 + 1/5 = 14/45
∴ Boy's wage = 7910 × 14/45 ≈ Tk. 2461 — not among A–D, so (E)
(source-key correction: the slowest worker cannot earn Tk. 4520)
41. (C) 4 days
Completed 5 days early ⇒ finished in 35 days
Work done = 25 × 20 + 40 × 15 = 500 + 600 = 1100 worker-days
With only 25 workers: 1100/25 = 44 days
∴ Behind schedule by 44 − 40 = 4 days
42. (C) 25%
Let, pencil price = c ⇒ pen price = 2c
Price of 40 pens = 40 × 2c = 80c
Profit = price of 20 pencils = 20c
∴ Profit percentage = 20c/80c = 25%
43. (B) 720
Cost = 7x + 10 × 2x = 27x for 3x pens in total
Selling at Tk. 96 per dozen = Tk. 8 each ⇒ revenue = 8 × 3x = 24x
Loss = 27x − 24x = 3x = 720 ⇒ x = 240
∴ Total pens bought = 3x = 720
44. (B) 0.84X
Marked price = 1.5X after the 50% markup
After 20% discount: 1.5X × 0.8 = 1.2X
Q2 price = 70% of that: 1.2X × 0.7 = 0.84X
∴ Latest sales price = 0.84X
45. (B) 100%
Let, cost = C and selling price = S
According to the question, 2S − C = 3(S − C)
⇒ 2S − C = 3S − 3C
⇒ S = 2C
∴ Profit = S − C = C, i.e. 100% of cost
46. (B) 3 : 1
Let, cycling speed = c and walking speed = w
48/c + 10/w = 6.5
40/c + 18/w = 6.5 + 80/60 = 47/6
Solving, c = 12 km/h and w = 4 km/h
∴ c : w = 12 : 4 = 3 : 1
47. (C) 12 p.m.
Karnafuli: distance D in 10 h ⇒ speed = D/10
Paharika: D in 12.5 h ⇒ speed = D/12.5 = 0.08D
By 7 a.m. Karnafuli has covered D/10 ⇒ remaining gap = 0.9D
Closing speed = 0.1D + 0.08D = 0.18D per hour
Time = 0.9D/0.18D = 5 h after 7 a.m.
∴ The trains cross at 12 noon

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48. (A) 6 hours
Let, the usual journey take T hours
At 20% higher speed, time = T/1.2 = 5T/6
According to the question, 2 + 5T/6 = T + 1
⇒ T − 5T/6 = 1 ⇒ T/6 = 1
∴ Usual duration T = 6 hours
49. (E) 279
Rewrite: 1253 = (53)3 = 59; 44 × 1024 = 28 × 210 = 218
227 ≈ 1.3 × 108 and 518 ≈ 3.8 × 1012
279 = 29 × (210)7 ≈ 512 × 1021 ≈ 6 × 1023
This dwarfs every other option
∴ 279 is the largest
50. (C) 11,011
Each term is a multiple of 11:
Sum = 112 × (12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + 52 + 62)
= 121 × (1 + 4 + 9 + 16 + 25 + 36)
= 121 × 91
∴ The value = 11,011

Mock Test 3 — answers

1. (C) Tk. 288
Let, last year's salaries be 5k and 8k
Then, present salaries = 5k × 28/25 = 28k/5 and 8k × 23/20 = 46k/5
According to the question, 28k/5 + 46k/5 = 1184
⇒ 74k/5 = 1184 ⇒ k = 80
So present salaries = Tk. 448 and Tk. 736
∴ Difference = 736 − 448 = Tk. 288
2. (E) 15:7 (not listed)
Sugar fractions: first mixture = 3/5, second = 2/7; target = 1/2
By alligation, mixing ratio = (1/2 − 2/7) : (3/5 − 1/2)
= (3/14) : (1/10)
= 15 : 7
∴ 15 : 7 is not among (A)-(D) — answer (E)
3. (A) 12 years
Let, current ages be 4x and 3x
After 4 years: (4x + 4)/(3x + 4) = 9/7
⇒ 28x + 28 = 27x + 36 ⇒ x = 8, so ages are 32 and 24
Let, they married t years ago: (32 − t)/(24 − t) = 5/3
⇒ 96 − 3t = 120 − 5t ⇒ 2t = 24 ⇒ t = 12
∴ They were married 12 years ago
4. (A) 20
Here, black = 15% of 200 = 30 and red = 170
Let, b of the 100 added marbles be black; then red = 170 + (100 − b) = 270 − b
According to the question, (30 + b)/(270 − b) = 1/5
⇒ 150 + 5b = 270 − b
⇒ 6b = 120 ⇒ b = 20
∴ 20 of the added marbles should be black
5. (D) Tk. 9000
According to the question, (26000 + m)/(5000 + m) = 5/2
⇒ 52000 + 2m = 25000 + 5m
⇒ 3m = 27000 ⇒ m = 9000

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Check: 35000 : 14000 = 5 : 2
∴ m = Tk. 9000
6. (D) Each statement alone sufficient
Same distance ⇒ time Monday : time Tuesday = Tuesday speed : Monday speed
Stem gives Monday speed = Tuesday speed + 8
Statement (1): Monday = 48 ⇒ Tuesday = 40 ⇒ ratio 40 : 48 = 5 : 6 — sufficient
Statement (2): Tuesday = 40 ⇒ Monday = 48 ⇒ same ratio — sufficient
∴ Each statement alone is sufficient — (D)
7. (C) Tk. 910
Let, the reduced shares (after removing 10, 20, 30) be 3k, 4k, 5k
⇒ 12k + 60 = 3660
⇒ 12k = 3600 ⇒ k = 300
∴ X's share = 3 × 300 + 10 = Tk. 910
(Source-key correction: source said 915, option D; the correct value is 910, option C.)
8. (E) All of A-D necessarily divide
Product of 4 consecutive integers is always divisible by 4! = 24 ⇒ 12 and 24 divide x
Given, 11 divides x and 11 is coprime to 24
⇒ 22 = 2 × 11 and 33 = 3 × 11 also divide x
∴ All of (A)-(D) necessarily divide x — answer (E)
9. (E) All can be integers
Option (A): x = 6, y = 3 ⇒ x/y = 2 — can be an integer
Option (B): y = 3, z = 1 ⇒ y/z = 3 — can be an integer
Option (C): z = 9, y = 3 ⇒ z/y = 3 — can be an integer
Option (D): x = 6, z = 1, y = 3 ⇒ xz/y = 2 — can be an integer
∴ None of them CANNOT be an integer — answer (E)
10. (A) 32
Given, 13(x − 1) = 17(y − 1), with 13 and 17 coprime
⇒ x − 1 = 17m and y − 1 = 13m for a positive integer m (m = 0 gives x = y = 1)
Least case m = 1: x = 18, y = 14
∴ Least (x + y) = 18 + 14 = 32
11. (A) p odd ⇒ q odd
Given, p(p + q) is even
If p is odd, then p + q must be even
⇒ odd + q = even ⇒ q is odd
∴ "p odd ⇒ q odd" must be true — (A)
(Source-key correction: the source marked B; the parity argument gives A.)
12. (C) Both statements together
Statement (1): P could be 33 (not > 40) or 45 (> 40) — not sufficient
Statement (2): P could be 32 or 48 — not sufficient
Together: P is a multiple of lcm(3, 8) = 24 with P > 30 ⇒ P ≥ 48 > 40 — sufficient
∴ Both statements together are sufficient — (C)
13. (C) n(2n+4)(n-1)
n(2n + 4)(n − 1) = 2 × n(n − 1)(n + 2)
n(n − 1) is a consecutive pair ⇒ always even
⇒ the product contains 2 × 2 = 4 for every integer n
Check n = 9: options (A), (B) and (D) all fail to be multiples of 4
∴ n(2n + 4)(n − 1) must be divisible by 4 — (C)
14. (B) 18
Let, each of x students get q chocolates, remainder x − 9
⇒ 117 = qx + (x − 9)
⇒ (q + 1)x = 126, and remainder x − 9 requires x ≥ 9

Page 110
Among the options only 18 divides 126: 126 = 18 × 7, remainder = 18 − 9 = 9
∴ x = 18
15. (A) 50
Above 25: 16 members = (2/3) × (exactly-25 group)
⇒ exactly-25 group = 16 × 3/2 = 24
Let, total members = T; below 25 = 0.2T
⇒ T = 0.2T + 24 + 16
⇒ 0.8T = 40 ⇒ T = 50
∴ Total number of members = 50
16. (D) 80%
Take 100 men: ≤ 50 years = 80, above 50 = 20
Football players = 20% of 100 = 20
Above-50 footballers = 20% of 20 = 4
⇒ footballers ≤ 50 years = 20 − 4 = 16
∴ Required percentage = 16/20 = 80%
17. (A) 5
Here, M + E = 20, C + E = 15, C + M = 25
Adding: 2(C + M + E) = 60
⇒ C + M + E = 30
∴ E = 30 − (C + M) = 30 − 25 = 5
18. (C) 15%
Let, the first discount be d
According to the question, (1 − d)(1 − 0.20) = 1 − 0.32
⇒ (1 − d)(0.80) = 0.68
⇒ 1 − d = 0.85 ⇒ d = 0.15
∴ The first discount was 15%
19. (D) 33.33%
Among participants: music + recitation = 53% + 35% = 88% ⇒ drama = 12%
Given, drama = 8% of the whole class
⇒ 12% of participants = 8% of class ⇒ participants = 8/12 = 2/3 of the class
∴ Non-participants = 1/3 = 33.33%
20. (D) 48
Let, the original total be T; females = 0.4T
After adding 40 males: 0.4T/(T + 40) = 0.3
⇒ 0.4T = 0.3T + 12 ⇒ T = 120
∴ Females now = 0.4 × 120 = 48 (unchanged — only males were added)
21. (B) 2
Conditions: 5 < x < 11, 7 < x < 13, and x + 2 < 12 ⇒ x < 10
Intersection: 7 < x < 10
Integers satisfying all three: 8 and 9
∴ Exactly 2 integers — (B)
22. (D) 2x = y + z
Sum of all ten numbers = 10x
The two groups of five contribute 5y and 5z
⇒ 10x = 5y + 5z
∴ 2x = y + z — (D)
23. (D) Tk. 40
Let, each friend pay Tk. f; total bill = 100 + 5f for 6 people
According to the question, (100 + 5f)/6 = f + 10
⇒ 100 + 5f = 6f + 60
⇒ f = 40
∴ Each friend paid Tk. 40 (average bill Tk. 50)

Page 111
24. (C) 39
Let, the average after the 17th innings be a; old average = a − 3
According to the question, 16(a − 3) + 87 = 17a
⇒ 16a − 48 + 87 = 17a
⇒ a = 39
∴ Average after the 17th innings = 39
25. (A) y > 0
x is an integer and x + 1 > 0 ⇒ x ≥ 0
xy > 0 rules out x = 0 ⇒ x ≥ 1, so x is positive
⇒ xy > 0 forces y > 0
y > x or y < x need not hold (e.g. x = y = 1)
∴ y > 0 must be true — (A)
26. (E) x = 2.4 (not listed)
|x − 12| = 4x ⇒ 4x ≥ 0 ⇒ x ≥ 0
Branch x < 12: 12 − x = 4x ⇒ 5x = 12 ⇒ x = 2.4 — valid
Branch x ≥ 12: x − 12 = 4x ⇒ x = −4 — rejected
∴ Only solution x = 2.4, not among (A)-(D) — answer (E)
27. (C) 8
x = (2 − √2)/(2 + √2) = (2 − √2)2/((2 + √2)(2 − √2))
= (6 − 4√2)/2
= 3 − 2√2
⇒ x − 3 = −2√2
∴ (x − 3)2 = 4 × 2 = 8
28. (C) 178√3
Given, x2 + 1/x2 = 10
⇒ (x + 1/x)2 = 12 ⇒ x + 1/x = 2√3
x3 + 1/x3 = (2√3)3 − 3(2√3) = 24√3 − 6√3 = 18√3
We know, (x2 + 1/x2)(x3 + 1/x3) = (x5 + 1/x5) + (x + 1/x)
⇒ 10 × 18√3 = x5 + 1/x5 + 2√3
∴ x5 + 1/x5 = 180√3 − 2√3 = 178√3
29. (C) 4x2 - 1
Put x = −0.5 in each option and look for zero
Option (C): 4(−0.5)2 − 1 = 4 × 0.25 − 1 = 0 — works
The others give 1, −4, −0.75 and −2.25 — all nonzero
∴ f(x) = 4x2 − 1 — (C)
30. (C) 10x/3
Raju = x; x is 3 times Siam's ⇒ Siam = x/3
x is half of Payel's ⇒ Payel = 2x
Total = x + x/3 + 2x
∴ = 10x/3
31. (C) 132
From 4y − 3x = 5, y = (5 + 3x)/4
y > 100 ⇒ 5 + 3x > 400 ⇒ 3x > 395 ⇒ x > 131.67
Smallest integer x = 132: y = 401/4 = 100.25 > 100
(x = 131 gives y = 99.5 — too small)
∴ x = 132
32. (D) 90 kg
Let, the man's weight be M kg
According to the question, 3 × 30 + M = 6 × 30
⇒ 90 + M = 180
⇒ M = 90
∴ The man weighs 90 kg

Page 112
33. (B) 5 ft
Let, the walkway breadth be w ft
⇒ (32 + 2w)(28 + 2w) − 32 × 28 = 700
⇒ 4w2 + 120w − 700 = 0 ⇒ w2 + 30w − 175 = 0
⇒ (w + 35)(w − 5) = 0 ⇒ w = 5 (positive root)
∴ Breadth of the walkway = 5 ft
34. (A) 13.75% decrease
Let, each parallel side = a, so their sum = 2a
New sum = a + 1.3a = 2.3a ⇒ factor 1.15; height factor = 0.75
New area factor = 1.15 × 0.75 = 0.8625
∴ Area decreases by 1 − 0.8625 = 13.75%
35. (E) 50 cm (not listed)
Let, the sides be 3k and 2k
⇒ 6k2 = 150 ⇒ k2 = 25 ⇒ k = 5
Sides = 15 cm and 10 cm
Perimeter = 2(15 + 10) = 50 cm
∴ 50 is not among (A)-(D) — answer (E)
36. (A) 32
The diagonal splits the rectangle into two congruent triangles
Each triangle: base 8 m, height 4 m
Area of each = (1/2) × 8 × 4 = 16 sq m
∴ Area of the rectangle = 2 × 16 = 32 square metres
37. (C) 231 cm2
Here, radius = AD = AE = 42/2 = 21 cm and the angle at A = 60°
Sector area = (60/360) × π × 212
= (1/6) × (22/7) × 441
= 231 cm2 (using π = 22/7)
∴ Area of sector ADE = 231 cm2
38. (E) 40 days (not listed)
Total work = 15 × 40 = 600 man-days
Let, the 5 workers leave after d days: 15d + 10(40 − d) = 600
⇒ 5d + 400 = 600 ⇒ d = 40
Leave can be granted only on day 40 — the project is already finished
∴ No option (A)-(D) fits — answer (E)
39. (B) 10.5 hours
Rates per minute: A = 1/5, B = 2/12 = 1/6, C = 1/10 item
Combined rate = 6/30 + 5/30 + 3/30 = 14/30 = 7/15 item per minute
Time = 294 ÷ (7/15) = 630 minutes
∴ = 630/60 = 10.5 hours (630 in option D is the minutes trap)
40. (A) 15 days
Half the room = 30 × 120 = 3600 man-days ⇒ full room = 7200 man-days
1/3 of the remaining half = 1/6 of the room = 7200/6 = 1200 man-days
Days for 80 men = 1200/80
∴ = 15 days
41. (C) 8
According to the question, 1/(x + 4) + 1/(x + 16) = 1/x
⇒ x(x + 16) + x(x + 4) = (x + 4)(x + 16)
⇒ 2x2 + 20x = x2 + 20x + 64
⇒ x2 = 64 ⇒ x = 8
∴ x = 8 days
42. (C) 4% loss
Equal SP with equal % profit and loss ⇒ net loss = (common %)2/100

Page 113
= 202/100 = 4%
Check: CPs = 3200/1.2 = 2666.67 and 3200/0.8 = 4000; total CP = 6666.67, total SP = 6400
Loss = 266.67/6666.67 = 4%
∴ 4% loss — (C)
43. (E) Tk. 12 (not listed)
Let, the cost price of one orange be Tk. c
Loss on 60 oranges = 60c − 624, which equals the cost of 8 oranges
⇒ 60c − 624 = 8c
⇒ 52c = 624 ⇒ c = 12
∴ Tk. 12 is not among (A)-(D) — answer (E)
44. (D) -Tk. 200
Black pens: SP 48 at 20% profit ⇒ CP = 48/1.2 = 40 ⇒ profit = 8 × 50 = Tk. 400
Red pens: SP 48 at 20% loss ⇒ CP = 48/0.8 = 60 ⇒ loss = 12 × 50 = Tk. 600
Net gain = 400 − 600 = −200
∴ A loss of Tk. 200 — (D)
45. (E) 21:10 (not listed)
Let, CPs be 5a, 7a and SPs be 2b, 5b
Equal losses: 5a − 2b = 7a − 5b
⇒ 3b = 2a ⇒ b = 2a/3
SP of Q = 5b = 10a/3
⇒ CP of Q : SP of Q = 7a : 10a/3 = 21 : 10
∴ 21 : 10 is not among the options — answer (E)
46. (B) 8 km
Jasfan reaches B in 32/5 = 6.4 h
By then Jafran has covered 3 × 6.4 = 19.2 km ⇒ 12.8 km from B
Closing speed = 5 + 3 = 8 km/h ⇒ they meet after 12.8/8 = 1.6 h more
Jasfan travels back 5 × 1.6 = 8 km
∴ They meet 8 km from B
47. (D) 23 min
Let, the distance be D m; Sajib takes 60 s = 1 minute longer
⇒ D/66 − D/69 = 1 (speeds in m/min)
⇒ D × 3/(66 × 69) = 1 ⇒ D = 4554/3 = 1518 m
∴ Sajib's time = 1518/66 = 23 minutes
48. (C) 36 sec
Relative speed = 45 − 9 = 36 km/h = 10 m/s
Distance to cover = 240 m head start + 120 m train length = 360 m
Time = 360/10
∴ = 36 seconds
49. (D) 42
Given, 2x + 2y = 222
A sum of two powers of 2 is itself a power of 2 only when the terms are equal ⇒ x = y
⇒ 2 × 2x = 2x + 1 = 222 ⇒ x = 21 = y
∴ x + y = 42
50. (C) 4
Given, 7√x + 24√x = 25√x
We know, 72 + 242 = 49 + 576 = 625 = 252
Equality holds only at exponent 2 (above 2 the LHS falls short, below 2 it exceeds)
⇒ √x = 2
∴x=4

Page 114

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Capestone Math

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Capestone Math

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What’s inside

How to use it — the last ≈ 9 days

What we analysed — the numbers

The summary — what is highly important & likely to appear

বিযষ রাখুি/ হালকা বেখুি: Permutation-Combination, Probability, Coordinate/ Trigonometry, Data

How Part B (the 150) is organised

Top 150 Most-Likely Questions — Solved

C01 · Number System

C05 · Percentage & Set Theory

72. If x2 < x, what is the range of x? [EASY] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

74. If y = 2x + 3, which interval of x makes xy < 0? [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2025

C03 · Algebra & Equations

80. If ax + by = a - b and bx - ay = a + b, what is the value of x? [MEDIUM] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

90. If 6x + 5y = 70% of 10y, then y/x = ? [EASY] IBA MBA 2024

C12 · Geometry & Mensuration

100. In the figure, W = 10°. Find Z. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2022

102. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2022

103. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2016

(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 12 (E) None of these

104. [EASY] IBA MBA 2006

106. [MEDIUM] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

107. [MEDIUM] NSI AD 2025 (IBA-set)

108. [MEDIUM] BCIC AM 2025 (IBA-set)

109. [HARD] NSI AD 2025 (IBA-set)

110. [HARD] IBA MBA 68 (IBA-set)

111. [MEDIUM] NSI AD 2025 (IBA-set)

112. [HARD] IBA MBA (IBA-set)

113. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA (IBA-set)

114. [HARD] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

115. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2025

C06 · Profit·Loss·Interest & Discount

117. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA (IBA-set)

118. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA (IBA-set)

119. [HARD] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

120. [HARD] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

121. [MEDIUM] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

122. [MEDIUM] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

123. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2024

124. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2020

125. [EASY] IBA MBA 2020

126. [EASY] Capstone (authored)

127. [MEDIUM] Capstone (authored)

129. [HARD] IBA MBA 67 (IBA-set)

130. [MEDIUM] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

131. [MEDIUM] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

132. [MEDIUM] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

133. [MEDIUM] NSI AD 2025 (IBA-set)

134. [HARD] IBA MBA 2025

135. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2021

136. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2023

138. [MEDIUM] NSI AD 2025 (IBA-set)

139. [MEDIUM] NSI AD 2025 (IBA-set)

140. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2025

141. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2016

143. [EASY] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

144. [MEDIUM] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

145. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2025

146. [HARD] IBA MBA 2022

148. [HARD] BSCIC 2026 (IBA-set)

149. [HARD] BCIC AO 2025 (IBA-set)

C08 · Permutation & Combination

152. [EASY] IBA MBA 2024

153. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2023

154. [HARD] IBA MBA 2023

155. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2022

156. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2022

157. [EASY] IBA MBA 2021

158. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2021

159. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2021

160. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2021

161. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2020

162. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2019

163. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2018

164. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2018

165. [MEDIUM] IBA MBA 2017

C01 · Number System