A PROJECT WORK REPORT ON LENDING PERFORMANCE OF NMB

BANK LIMITED

By
Samikasha Gc
P.U. Regd. No: 2021-2-03-1216
Exam Roll No: 21031184

Submitted to Pokhara University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

At the
Axis College
Pokhara University

Butwal
July 2024
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work report entitled “A PROJECT WORK
REPORT ON LENDING PERFORMANCE OF NMB BANK LIMITED”
submitted for the BBA is my original work and the project work has not formed the
basis for the award of any degree, diploma, or other similar titles.

-------------------------
Samikasha Gc
July 2024

i
 CERTIFICATE FROM THE SUPERVISOR

The project work report entitled “A Project Work Report on Lending Performance
of NMB Bank Limited” submitted by Samikasha Gc (21031184) for the fulfillment
of the requirements of BBA embodies the bonafide work done by her under my
supervision

------------------------
Supervisor
Mr. Bishnu Gaire
July 2024

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am overwhelmed in all humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge my depth to all

those who have helped me to put these ideas, well above the level of simplicity and
into something concrete. I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to
Pokhara University for including project work program in Bachelor of Business
Administration . This project work report has been prepared in partial fulfillment for
the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration .

I would like to express my sincere gratitude for his valuable supervision of Mr.
Bishnu Gaire for his useful guidelines. Also, I would like to express my sincere
gratitude to my friends and other teachers as well. I would like to thank my friends
and teachers who helped me a lot in gathering different information, collecting data
and guiding me from time to time in making this project, despite of their busy
schedules, they gave me different ideas in making this project unique. Any attempts at
any level can’t be satisfactorily completed without the support and guidelines of my
teachers and friends.

Thank you.
Samikasha Gc

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Contents Page No.

 Declaration i
 Certificate From the Supervisors ii
 Acknowledgement iii
 Table Of Contents iv

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Objectives of the Study 2
Need And Scope of The Study 3
Literature Review 4
Research Method Used 5
Limitation Of the Study 6

CHAPTER II: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

Data Presentation 8
Data Analysis 20
Major Findings and Discussion 20

CHAPTER III: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Summary of The Findings 21
Conclusion and Discussion 21
Bibliography 22

iv
List Of Table Page No.

 Loans of NMBBL 8-13

 Return on Investment 14
 Investment to loan and advance ratio 15

List Of Figures Page No.

 Loans of NMBBL 8-13

 Return on Investment 15
 Investment to loan and advance ratio 16

v
 ABBREVIATION

PU: Pokhara University

Reg: Registration
BBA: Bachelor of Business Administration
B.S.: Bikram Sambat
NPR: Nepalese Rupees
ATM: Automated Teller Machine
POS: Point Of Sales
QR: Quick Response CO. Company
LTD: Limited
CB: Commercial Bank
F/Y: Fiscal Year
T-Bill: Treasury Bill
NRB: Nepal Rastra Bank

vi
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Generally, bank means commercial bank from the ancient period. These banks
function primarily as deposit takes and lenders to trade and commerce. Modern
banking systems have been originated through the development of commercial
bank. For this reason, many scholars consider commercial bank is the “mother of
modern bank”. The bank which deals with money and money’s worth with a view
to earning profit is known as commercial bank (Roger, 1998; Davis, 2010; Boland,
2009).

In finance, a loan is the lending of money by one or more individuals,

organizations, or other entities to other individuals, organization etc. Loan is the
amount of money given by a person(lender) to another person(borrower) for its
temporary use, promising to return it with fixed interest after certain time of
duration. In another word loan is temporary transfer of ownership of money
obtained by pledging some security, whose value is greater than that of lent
amount paying charge for its use. The development of bank in Nepal is in infant
stage. So, bank plays a primitive role for the economy development of Nepal, on
which no other organization are likely to be substitute at all. From 2041 (B.S),
with the establishment of the commercial bank, Nepal could not get chance to
participate on development country. The main objectives of this commercial bank
are to mobilize idle resources in particular productive use after collecting them
from scattered resources. (Investopedia 2019).

Loan is important for NMB Bank because loans are the lifeblood of a bank. The
bank spread is the difference between what the interest a bank must pay to obtain
the funds and the rate charges on the loans. For example, a bank might pay two
percent interest to a depositor and charge a customer six percent interest on a loan.

1
Housing loan is one of the services provided by most of the commercial
institutions. In the current trends, banking institution is losing their market shares.
Due to technology advancement, information about every product and services in
banking industry our transparency. Potential customers can compare the interest
rates, packages and services offered by each and every bank. Likewise, Internet
banking had widely spread across the whole nation due to the convenient of
places, time and cost saving please stop which is very efficient and effective to
use. Unfortunately, in the sense of technology wise and globalization, banking
institutions face more competitors compared to previously (Asian Development
Bank, 2015).

Banks are one of the major players in the economics growth of the country and
hence it needs proper attention to run successfully. Normally banks play it public
money that's why people pay their attention weather their money is properly
utilized or not and whether the bank is running at profit or loss. The existence of
profit to any business firm is the basic factor. If there is no profit A business firm
will become unable to provide its facilities in long run. “Banking play or
significant role to the development of national economy. Bank is a financial
institution, which primarily deals in borrowing and lending. Modern bank
performs many other varieties of functions. The world “bank” is derived from
word “BANCA” which means a counter tables or bench used by medieval money
exchange. Oxford dictionary defines bank as “an establishment for the custody of
money.”. The bank operates in the modern and competitive business environment.
A bank is one the ordinary course of his business receive money which he is
repays by honouring check of a person from whom or on whose account he
receives it” (Blandford, 1995).

NMB bank limited licensed as “A” class financial institution by Nepal Rastra
Bank in May 2008 has been operating in the Nepalese financial market for over 20
years and is one of the leading commercial banks in the banking industry.

The bank has a joint venture agreement with Nederlandse Financierings-

Maatschappij voor Ontwikkelingslanden N.V (FMO), wherein FMO holds
17% off the banks share and is the largest shareholder of the bank. In September
2
 2016, the bank signed or joint venture agreement with Nederlandse financierings-
maatschappij voor ontwikkelingslanden (FMO), Dutch development bank
following which FMO positions they NMB bank in becoming the market leading
in managing environment and social risk and the leading player in renewable
energy and Agri business.

NMB bank was awarded ‘Bank of the year 2011’ and ‘Bank of the year 2018’
consecutively by the bankers, Financial Times London.

1.2 Objectives of the study

The main objective of the study is to analyse d lending performance of NMB bank
limited. Therefore, the specific objectives of the study will be as follows:
 To analyze desired loan provided by the bank in various investment
sectors.
 To analyze the various loans provided by the bank.

1.3. Need and Scope of the Study

This study is focused on lending performance of NMB Bank Limited after the study
of this research it will be valuable for management of NMB Bank Limited that helps
in developing the strategies for lending mobilization. This study also provides good
insight about lending performance of commercial bank in Nepal, who wants to do
further study in this field. Moreover, this study is helpful for the researcher who wants
to conduct research in NMB Bank Limited.

1.4. Literature Review

Literature review is the descriptive analysis of any specific topic, which is related only
to that topic and gives more essential information for preparing this project work
report. The researchers have the different books and ideas, which help to present clear
objective of the study.

A real estate loan, which is also referred to as a mortgage, is commonly used by

homebuyers to finance real estate. When approved, borrowers sign a legal document

3
(known as a mortgage note) that promises to repay the loan, with interest and other
costs over a period of time (Fortune builders, 2019).

A margin loan is a type of investment loan that lets you borrow money to invest in
shares, managed funds, and other approved financial products (Westpac, 2019).

A term loan is a loan from a bank for a specific amount that has a specific repayment
schedule and either a fixed or floating interest rate. A term loan is often appropriate
for an established small business with sound financial statements (Investopedia, 2019)
With an overdraft account, a bank is covering payments a customer has made that
would otherwise be rejected, or in the case of actual checks, would bounce and be
returned without payment (Investopedia, 2019).

Kayastha (2015) in an article “Lending Operation of Commercial Banks of Nepal and

its impact on GDP” has made an analysis of contribution of commercial banks,
lending to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Nepal. She has set hypothesis that
there has been positive impact of lending of commercial banks to the GDP, in research
methodology; she has considered GDP as the dependent variable and various sector of
lending like agriculture, industrial, commercial service and general social sectors as
independent variables. Multiple regression techniques have been applied to analyse
the contribution.

Thapa, (2007) a study on loan management system of Everest Bank Limited was
concluded with the objective of finding investor sector, loan recovery income and to
know loan approval and lending procedure was concluded that the organisation
invested only past loan providing sectors, focuses on hire purchase loan in the bank is
improve the organisation problem. Problem of personal and political aspect on
management is the main cause of problem.

Chaudhary, (2013) under the topic that loan approval process of Everest Bank Limited
with objectives of measuring the relationship between lending and recovery of loan
and another id identifying the loan approval process of EBL. The researcher had
found that the relationship between loan investment and its recovery is highly positive
(i.e. correlation 0.99).
4
Pandey, (2015) conducted loan lending policy of Paschimanchal Finance company
limited, Butwal. The study of loan policy is the process of identifying forms key of
loan in different sectors to be carried on for and then insuring effectively identified d
loan invited in different sector has been into effect.

1.5 Research Method

1.5.1 Research design
This research has followed the descriptive research design because this research
identifies the various sources of loans of the NMB Bank Limited. This study is based
on quantitative research which requires numeric data.

1.5.2 Population and Sample

The population refers to the industries of the same nature and its services and product
in general. Population is the entire collection of interest, i.e. people, objects, or events
as defines by the researcher and sample is the entire collection of all observations of
the interest for the researchers. Currently, there are 20 commercial banks in Nepal.
Out of total 20 commercial bank of Nepal, NMB bank is taken as sample for this
report.

1.5.3 Data collection procedure

While preparing this report data are collected from secondary sources. Secondary data
refers to the data that was collected by someone other than the user. It is originally
collected from different sources. So, in the course of preparing this report the
necessary data and documents are collected only from secondary sources.

 Secondary Data
Secondary data is defined as the data collected earlier for a purpose other than the one
currently being pursued. Secondary sources refer to those for already gathered by
others.
They are referred to as coming from secondary sources such include:
 Annual Report
 Books

5
  Related articles
 Journals and websites

1.5.4 Presentation and Data Analysis Tools

The analysis of data consists of organising and performing financial analysis in the
study various financial ratios are used to achieve the objective of this study.
According to the pattern of data available the analysis of data was done. Different
Financial ratio and statistical tools are used to prepare this report writing.

A. Presentation Tool
 Tables
 Bar-diagram
 Trends lines
B. Data Analysis Tools
 Statistical tools
 Financial tools

1.6 Limitation of the study

The criteria which are not covered by this study are limitations and the things that
are assumed as neutral are the assumptions of the study. Here it is consulted as
better to specify such objectives as follow:
 The information data and focus regarding will be based on secondary source
rather than primary data.
 Whatever the calculation and conclusion will be made the data will be of five
years only.
 Its focus is on related banks only.
 This study is done for the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of
BBA Degree of Pokhara University.

6
 CHAPTER II
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

2.1 Data Presentation

The data collected from the various sources are analysed and finding its results.
Data are analysed according to the research [Link] mentioned. In this
chapter data has been presented tabular form and bar diagram. To obtain best
result, the data has been analysed according to the research methodology as
mentioned earlier in previous chapter. Various ratios have been calculated on the
basis of the annual report of the organization.

Various Types of Loan provided by NMB Bank Limited

Each corporation has its own terms and conditions for loan flow in the same way
NMB Bank issues loan under its own term and conditions. The company issues by
taking collateral. While issuing the loan in different sectors, different rules and
regulations and account to its nature must be published. Loan is collected as
instalment basic according to its types of loan. Hence, some of the loans provided
by NMB Bank Limited are as follows.
 Real Estate Loan: Real estate loan is a mortgage loan secured by a lien on
commercial, rather than residential, property. Commercial real estate refers to
any income producing real estate that is used solely for business purposes,
such as retail centres, office, and complexes etc.
 Home Loan: It is a long-term loan and is issued for individuals organization
land purchase or to construct buildings.
 Term Loan: It is also known as long term loan and is issued for financial large
expansion, modernization, or diversification of project. As term loan the bank
provide loan on agriculture sector, industry, and deprived level people.
 Overdraft loan: Overdraft loan is a line of credit extended by the banking
institution to cover negative balance in an account.
 Other loan: Beside above-mentioned loan, NMBBL provides different kinds
of other loan. In these types of loan, the cooperative charges some higher
percent interest rate.

7
Types of Loan 2075/76 2076/77 2077/78 2078/79 2079/80

Real Estate Loan 3270011964 4363978234 4537758388 5642677927 5217784805

Home Loan 9191498367 13040550906 12775335269 13326896541 14051229092
Term loan 21819278827 32441966009 41591757391 4831076891 72456770623
Overdraft Loan 5929688112 8584721480 15798372397 23001713903 52246727889

Others Loan 20150992840 24876627622 31703207339 39350905092 7196202840

Total 60361470110 83307844251 106406430784 86153270354 15168715249

Table 1: loan of NMBL

(Source: Annual Report of NMBL)

Table 2.1 Loan of NMBBL.

Table 2.1 shows the loan provided by different sector in different fiscal years such as
2075/76 BS to 2079/80 BS. The loan provided by NMB is real estate loan, home loan,
term loan, overdraft loan and other loan. The total loan of the bank is Rs. 60.361
million, Rs. 83.307 million, Rs 106.406 million, Rs 86.153 million, Rs 151.68 million
from fiscal year 2075/76 BS to 2079/80 BS respectively.

8
 A. Real estate loan:
Particulars 2075/76 2076/77 2077/78 2078/79 2079/80
Real estate loan 327001196 4363978234 4537758388 5642677927 5217784805
4
Table 2: Real estate loan

Real Estate Loan

6E+09

5E+09

4E+09

3E+09

2E+09

1E+09

0
2075/76 2076/77 2077/78 2078/79 2079/80
Real Estate Loan

Figure 1 REAL ESTATE LOAN

9
B. Home loan:
Table No 3:
Particulars 2075/76 2076/77 2077/78 2078/79 2079/80

Home loan 9191498367 13040550906 12775335269 13326896541 14051229092

Table 3:Home loan

Home Loan
1.6E+10

1.4E+10

1.2E+10

1E+10

8E+09

6E+09

4E+09

2E+09

0
2075/76 2076/77 2077/78 2078/79 2079/80
Home Loan

Figure 2:Home Loan

10
C. Term loan:
Table no 4:
Particulars 2075/76 2076/77 2077/78 2078/79 2079/80
Term loan 21819278827 32441966009 41591757391 4831076891 72456770623
Table 4: Term loan

Term Loan
8E+10

7E+10

6E+10

5E+10

4E+10

3E+10

2E+10

1E+10

0
2075/76 2076/77 2077/2078 2078/79 2079/80

Term Loan

Figure 3: Term Loan

11
 D. Overdraft loan:

Particulars 2075/76 2076/77 2077/78 2078/79 2079/80

Overdraft 5929688112 8584721480 15798372397 23001713903 52246727889
Loan

Table 5: Overdraft loan

Overdraft Loan
6E+10

5E+10

4E+10

3E+10

2E+10

1E+10

0
2075/76 2076/77 2077/78 2078/79 2079/80

Overdraft Loan

Figure 4Overdraft Loan

12
 E. Other loans:

Particulars 2075/76 2076/77 2077/78 2078/79 2079/80

Other 20150992840 24876627622 31703207339 39350905092 7196202840

loans
Table 6: Other loan

others loans
4.5E+10

4E+10

3.5E+10

3E+10

2.5E+10

2E+10

1.5E+10

1E+10

5E+09

0
2075/76 2076/77 2077/78 2078/79 2079/80

others loans

Figure No.6: Others Loan

These following figures shows the loan provided by different sectors in different fiscal
year such as 2075/76 to 2079/80 B.S. The loan provided by NMB is real estate loan,
home loan, term loan, overdraft loan and other loan. According to the figures it shows
the loan high loan in others loan and term loan and less in home loan and less in home
loan and real estate loan.

13
Table 2.7 Return on Investment
Net income is a measure of a company’s earning or profit. Net income is recorded on
a company’s income statement and is an important figure for investors because it
indicates not just how well a company is doing, but how much money it might have
left over to pay dividends. Net profits is one of the most closely followed numbers in
finance, and its plays a large role in ratio analysis and financial statement analysis.
Shareholders look at net profit closely because it is the source of compensation to
shareholders of the company, and if a company cannot generate enough profit to
compensate owners, the value of shares will plummet.

𝑵𝒆𝒕 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒕
Return on Investment =
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑰𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

Table 2.7 Return on Investment

(In ‘billion’)
Fiscal Year Net Profit Total Investment Ratio in %
2075/76 2.26 10.56 21.40
2076/77 1.71 15.37 11.12
2077/78 2.71 17.83 15.19
2078/79 3.29 32.10 10.24
2079/80 3.22 33.15 9.71

Table 7: Return on investment

(Sources: Annual Report of NMBL)

In the above table 2.2 shows the return-on-investment ratio of the bank from
the fiscal year 2075/76 BS to 2079/80 BS. The return on investment ratio of the
bank is in fluctuation trend over the five fiscal year period. The higher ratio of
the bank is 21.40 percent which is in the fiscal year period 2075/76 and lower
ratio is 9.71 percent which is in the year 2079/80.

14
 Return On Investment Ratio%
25

Return On Investment ratio%

20

15

10

0
2075/76 2076/77 2077/78 2078/79 2079/80
Axis Title

Return On Investment Ratio%

Figure No. 7: Return On Investment Ratio

In the above figure, shows the return-on-investment ratio of the bank from the fiscal
year 2075/76 BS to 2079/80 BS. The return-on-investment ratio of the bank is in
fluctuation trend over the five fiscal year period. The higher ratio of the bank is 21.40
percent which is in the fiscal year 2075/76 BS and lower ratio is 9.71 percent which is
in the fiscal year 2076/77 BS.
Fiscal Year Investment Loan and Advance Ratio in %

2075/76 10.56 91.89 11.49

2076/77 15.37 121.78 12.62

2077/78 17.83 158.04 11.28

2078/79 32.10 182.09 17.62

2079/80 33.15 197.47 16.78

Table 8: Loan and Advance to Investment Ratio

15
 In the above figure, shows the investment to loan and advance ratio of the bank from
the fiscal year 2075/76 BS to 2079/80 BS. The higher ratio of the bank is 17.62
percent which is the fiscal year 2078/79 respectively and lower ratio of the bank is
11.28 percent which is in the fiscal year 2077/78 BS.

Investment to loan and advance ratio

20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2075/76 2076/77 2077/78 2078/79 2079/80

Investment to loan and advance ratio

Figure 2.8: Investment to Loan and Advance Ratio

In the above figure, shows the investment to loan and advance ratio of the bank from
the fiscal year 2075/79 BS to 2079/80 BS. The investment to loan and advance ratio
of the bank is in fluctuation trend over the five fiscal year period

Year Deposit Loan Amount XY X2 Y2

Amount in in (Y)
(X)
2075/76 98.52 91.89 9053.0028 9706.1904 8443.7721
2076/77 134.81 121.78 16417.1618 18173.7361 14830.3684
2077/78 166.45 158.04 26305.758 27705.6025 24976.6416
2078/79 186.40 182.09 33941.576 34744.96 33156.7681
2079/80 213.04 197.47 42069.0088 45386.0416 38994.4009
Total ∑ 𝑋 =799.22 ∑ 𝑌 =751.27 ∑ 𝑋𝑌=127786.5074 ∑ 𝑥 =135716.5306 ∑ 𝑦 =120401.9511

Table 9: Correlation Between Loan Amount and Deposit Amount

16
Here,
X= Total Deposit amount in billion
Y= Total Loan Amount in billion
Let “r” be the coefficient between the two variables X (Deposit amount) and Y (Loan
Amount) respectively.

Now,
𝒏 ∑ 𝒙𝒚 ∑ 𝒙 ∑ 𝒚
rxy=
𝒏 ∑ 𝒙𝟐 (∑ 𝒙)²× 𝒏 ∑ 𝒚𝟐 (∑ 𝒚)²

𝟓×𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟕𝟖𝟔.𝟓𝟎𝟕𝟒 𝟕𝟗𝟗.𝟐𝟐×𝟕𝟓𝟏.𝟐𝟕
=
𝟓×𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟕𝟏𝟔.𝟓𝟑𝟎𝟔 (𝟕𝟗𝟗.𝟐𝟐)²× 𝟓×𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟎𝟏.𝟗𝟓𝟏𝟏 (𝟕𝟓𝟏.𝟐𝟕)²

.
=
. × .

=0.9948
From the above statistical calculation, it is clear that the coefficient of correlation is
0.9948 which is closes to +1, this signifies that there is high degree of positive
correlation between total deposit and total loan of NMB.
Thus, here we clearly can see that there is positive higher relationship between the
deposits collected and total loan of the bank. Bank deposits positively affects the level
of loan. It means that the increase and decrease of deposit collection, the bank loan
also gets affected.

2.2. Data Analysis

This study is about the lending performance of NMB Bank limited. This study is
based on five fiscal year data i.e. 2075/76 BS to 2079/80 BS. After analysing the
results, we came to know that how much loan was done on various types of loans
between fiscal year 2075/76 BS to 2079/80 BS. According to research, loans
composition of the bank is high in other loans and less in real estate loans as
compared to other loans. However, real estate loan, home loan, term loan, overdraft
loan, and other loan.

17
2.3 Major Findings and Discussion
From the presentation and analysis of data made above, many results of
findings of the banks have found. Some of the major findings are presented as
follow:
 The loan provided by NMB Bank is real estate loan, home loan, term loan,
overdraft loan and other loan. The total loan of the bank is Rs. 60.361 million,
Rs. 83.307 million, Rs. 106.406 million, Rs.86.153 million, Rs. 151.68 million
from fiscal year 2075/76 BS to 2079/80 BS respectively.
 The return-on-investment ratio of the bank is in fluctuation trend over the five
fiscal year period. The higher rescue of the bank is 21.40% which is in the
official year 2075/76 BS and lower ratio is 9.71% which is in the fiscal year
2079/80 BS.
 The higher issue of the bank is 17.62% which is the fiscal year 2078/79
respectively and lower ratio of the bank is 11.28 % which is in the fiscal year
2077/78 BS.
 The coefficient correlation is 0.9948 which is closer to +1.

18
 CHAPTER III
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

3.1 Summary of the Findings.

In this project work report is entitled on “Lending Performance of NMB Bank”. The
research is done in only one bank among the 20 commercial bank that is NMB bank
which is listed in Nepal Stock Exchange. The objectives of the study are to identify
the various types of loans provided by the bank. This research is mainly based on
importance and significance of the study. The data and information are collected from
secondary sources such as journals and articles, annual reports of NMB, previous
research report, and websites of NMB. The limitations of this study are prevailing
with past 5 years data i.e. 2075/76 BS to 2079/80 BS.

According to the need and objectives of the study, the secondary data is completed,
processed, tabulated and graph for better presentation with the help of various
statistical tools. NMB has broadened its transaction successfully and is moving ahead
towards the goals.

3.2 Conclusion
This project works fulfils the gap by giving an idea about the mobilizations of lending
performance of NMB Bank Limited. NMB Bank Limited is one of the nation's
premier financial institutions consistently living in service pledge to conduct business
by continually creating mutual life beneficial relationship with all lead’s stakeholders,
costumer, shareholders, regulators, communities, any staffs. The bank realises that its
success is directly correlated with the pace at which it fosters it relationship with its
stakeholders, so that in every step of this journey, both parties’ benefits, succeed and
grow together.

The research study is about lending performance of NMB Bank Limited. This study is
prescribed by P.U fulfilment of the requirement of BBA. It implies that the learning
performance of the bank, it shows that lending performance and management banking
system for us. It is created new idea for saving money for provides facilities. It is main
earning idea for the bank in different.

19
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