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THE [Link] ESSAY

THE ESSAY

It's an academicpiece of writing in which you analyse a topic.

Tzuget reader: the teacher

Reqister: formal

The for-and-against essay: You discuss a topic from opposing points-of view
in a balanced way. You state your opinion in the conclusion.

THE LAYOUT
A) TNTRODUCTION

It consists of 3 imPortant Parts:

[Link] a general statement about the topic

2. Present the two points of view: the positive and negative side.

3. Mention there are both advantages and disadvantages.

More and more people today choose to have only one child. Mosi people
imagine that,being an only child must be terribly lonely. Yet that should be tiaken
into consideration since havinq an only chtld has both advantaqes and,
disadvantages.

Keeping animals in zoos is an important issue today because there are lTtany
people in favour of animal rights. This essav will examine the arquments for and
aaainst keepinq animals in zoos.

It is now easier than ever to access the internet, whether you are using a
computer, phone or tablet. There is no doubt that many yctmg people are
spending more and more time ,cnline, with both positive and neqative
consequences.

There is no dsubt that many y'oung people are spending more and more time
online. Some people think that the Internet can bring new possibilities to meet
d,ifferent people. On the other hand, others sqqqest that this can be dangerous
for teenagers. This essay examines/ analyses both the positive and negative
corlsequences.
B! MA,!N BODY
Itconsis+s of two paragraphs. Paragraph 2 presents the advantages. Paragraph
3 presents the disadvantages. Each paragraph should start with a topic
sentence. Gsnnectors are required and next you can fi-nd some options.

TOPIC SENTENCES

On the one hand, there many advantages to h,avin'g children at an early age.

Onthe one hand, the benefits of computers cannot be denied.

On the one hand, there are rfiÍrr'ly arguments in favour of being a famous rock
star.

On the one hand, one of the main advantages of living in a foreign country is
that...

(advantagies, benefits, positive aspects, positive effects, argurnents in favour of,

viewpoints in favour of, the upside of....)

On the other hand, there are drawbacks to being a firefighter.

On the other hand; thei'e are many arguments against using the Internet

On the other hand, there are cerialn disadvantages to owning_a dog.

On the other hand, it ceuld be argued / it is often suggesteci that taking holidays
abroad is more expensive tf',an...

(disadvantages, drawbacks, negative aspects, negative effects, arguments

against, viewpoints against, the downside-of...)

c) coNcLUSroN
We give a balanced summary / our opinion. Do not include your opinion in the
introduction or the bodV o.f the essay.

To conclude, by looking after animals and helffig them to breed, zoos play an
importantpart in prstectihg many sprecies from becoming extinct. Th-erefore, the
rregative aspects of keeping anirnals in capiívi§ are balanced out by the
positive ones. (Balanced conclusion)

To sum up, spmding time on the internet can have a negative impact on young
people, but it also has many advantages. Personally, ithink-the internet is an
incredible tool and the benefits of internet access outweiqh the dangers.
However, we should be careful not to use the internet excessiveiy. (Opinion
conclusion)
D) LAYOUT OF THE FOR-AND-AGA¡NST ESSAY {20A=220 words)

Paragraph 1 General statement about the problem. Give examples from

Introduction both points of view. Refer to the type of essay (for and against)

Paragraph 2 On the one hand, + topic senóenee

Advantages
Firstly,advantage 1. *
evidence or exrlmple/result
Secondly, advantage 2 * evidence or example/result
Finally, advantage 3 * evidence or exampie/result

Paragraph 3 On the other hand, + topic senteace

Disadvantages
To begin with, disadvantage 1. + evidence or example/result
tr'urthermore, disadvant age 2 * evidenee or exampie/resuit
Lastly, disadvantage 3 + evidence or example/result

Paragraph 5 CONCLUSION (In conclusion, to sum up, all things

Conclusion considered, etc)
1. A baianced summary'(restate pros and cons)
2. Summarize the previous idea. Gi',re your opinion and future
result/advice (I think, I believe, in-my opinion...)

E) IMPERSCNAL EXPRESS¡ONS FOR AN ESSAY

It could be argued that... t\4ost peopie would agree that...

It is often belÍevedl suggested that... There is no doubt that...
It is reasonable/fair to say that... It is claimed that...
It is uncieniable ihat/ it is true that... Anotl^rer point often made is that....
Many people feel/claim that... Supporters of this viewpoint say that...
Opponents of this viewpoint claim
that...

REMEMBER TO USE FORMAL LANGUAGE IN AN ESSAY (AVOTD USING YOU,

wE, l)

INFORMAL: You can organise your time and chooser free day to watch your favourite
series

FORMAL: Firstly, Binge-watching gives viewers the opportunity to deckle when to

watch their favourite series. For example, TV apps can be run even late at night'

INFORMAL: You don't have any commercials, so you cjon't waste unnecessary time.

FORMAL: Secondly, commercials are not needed, as a matter of-fact they would
disturb viewers from following the story.
 \

Linking WcrdslPhrases
To introduce poinls: one major advantage/disadvaniage oÍ, a further
advantage, one point of view in favour of,/against
To list points: in the lirst place, first of all, to siari r¡Yilh, seconciiy, thirdly'
iinaiiy, last but not ieasi
To add more points to the §ame topic: what is more, furlhermore, also, in
addition to thislthat, besides, apar-t from thislthat, not to mention the fact that
To make contrasting points: on tne oiher hand, however, in spite of , ''vhile,
nevertheless, despite, even though, although, it can be argued that
To introduce examples: Íor example, for instance, like, especiaily, such as,
in parlicular
To concludet to Sum up, all in all, all things cgn§¡dered, in conclusion, on
the whole, taking everything inio account, as was previously stated

To express results: as a result, consequently, as a consequence, therefore

SAMPLE ES€AY

D isc uss th e adva nta g es an d d isadva ntages-of wetc hingtelevis i on

Almost everyone owns a television these days and watches it regularly. Most families
gather around the living room TV set to watch the latest hit show. llowever, there are
many arguments for and against this form of entertainment.

Cn the one hand, the benefits of television cannot be denied. To begin with, it can be
educaiiona! as well as entertaining. There is usualiy a wide range of interesting
documentaries to watch which bring sights and sounds into your home that you would
not othenruise have the opportunity to experience. Furthermore, it is very relaxing to sit
in the comfort of youl- own home and be entertained without having to worry about
getting dressed up or spending a great deal of money on the big screen. Finally, TV is
how families bond, slumping on the sofa and comrnenting on the latest Big Brother'
show.

On the other hancj, there are also certain drawbacks. Firstly, there is often not much
censorship of telev'ision. Because of thig programrnes containing violence, horror and
other unsuitable viewing material can be broadcast and watched by children without
parents' knowledge. Secondly, watching the small sereen all day encourages people to
be lazy and not to communicate with e-ach other. Above all, the increasing use of
laptops and digital devices has led members of the famil'y to watch their favourite
pro§ l'álrrrnes in isolation.

AII things considered, spending our leisure time in front of the television set can have a
negative effect on our lives, but it can also provide us with a great source of
entertainment and knowledge. Basically, we should restrict our television usage and
decide what is worth viewing and what it is not' (275 words)
 i\J-AU.q

[Link] ESSAY
Many people believe that women make better parents than men and that this is why
they have the greater role in raising children in most societies. Others claim that men
are just as good as women at parenting Write an essay expressing your point of view.
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@ Comptete the verb column with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

O Ark your partner the questions in a.

VERB - .

I Are there any programmes you really can't stand ,nljii¡.i.§ on TV? (watch)
2 Da you always remember iil:rri,t.'..: your mobile phone? (charge)
3 Do you think you'll carry on :::iii].ffi English h-ere next year? (study)
4 What is there thatyouwould reallylike to have but cant afford ii+if i (buy)
5 Would you rather ti*iliii:# a film atthe cinema or on D\D? (see)
6 Who taught yo" ;ji:iifi#? (swim)
7 Is there anything at your home which needs iii,.i.',j§ i(repair)
8 Have you ever tried !:"1¡:ffi,:i somethingbut then given up? (tearn)

9 Wouldyou or your family manage .,:; ;-,+¡i;: without a car? (live)

l0 What can you do to practise i:li:l;,¡¡ English outside the class? (speak)

11 Do you sométimes forget:ia::frji# things or have you got a good memory? (do) ó
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12 Could you give if your doctor told you to? (eat)
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82 ORAL MEDIATION
TOPIC 0: STUDYING ABROAD

Your schoolmate was absent last week when you were given a talk about
sfudying in-the UK. You saved the handout below for her, but she doesnt -fillly
understand it and asks you'for help. Explain it to her in ahout 2'minutes.

t, Yt§B $[r§fi I *¡nilLleltnT

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Fesearch about potential
.:;.,i:;-.;, unlYersitiFs !n UK

i desire to appiy inl

1ü MOÍ{TI{S BEFÜHE [ilROLLMEI\IT

Appéá¡ for ¡e(uiréd entr¿nce exam

Arraiige the documents

ac€ording to requiremenu

IE) seno out applicatíons to

E4 url¡versities
$ MÜÍITH§ BETOTE iruHÜLtMtIlT
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A .J¡ Applv for education loans if required

for schoiarshiPs
ffi UoO'n

§ $dilÍ{Tfl§ *Erüfir E§üüÁT}elq I}t IJI{

confirm bY accer:ting Your

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eookyouitÍcketsand
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l,=3' :applrl for vlsal,
t #s*TH §rF,finisrurgfi§§ ¡il uK
Get set foi yoüf'áb¡sad
experiencesl
Yes Exercise Number 15 (Dependent Prepositions)
Fill the gaps in the following sentences:

Dependent Prepositions

l. I can't cope _ all this stress - I need a holiday.

[Link] you think that game is really suitable _ little Kevin?

3. This document has to be translated _ Portuguese and Italian.

4. Judith was delighted _ her present.

5. Trevor, you shouldn't spy _ your sister like that!

6. The green grocer's is really handy _ buying a piece of fruit on my way to work.

7 . The time of the progr¿rrnme may be subject _ changes.

8. She seemed to be ashamed _ what her husband was saying.

9. Do you think they will be successful _ the exam?

10. I have tried to be worthy _ your constant help and encouragement.

1 1. She hinted _ the idea that I might be given a promotion.

[Link] what ways does this candidate differ the others?

13. You've always been bad _ maths, haven't you?

14. The f,rlm was based _abest-selling novel.

15. The salesman tried to gloss _ the product's deficiencies.

16. I'm surprised she hasn't got divorced _ him yet!

17. Who is responsible _ customer complaints?

18. Do you think we are ready _ war?