Module 12: Fashion and Trends
Lesson 1: Talking About Fashion Styles
Study Skills: Reading Comprehension
Reading (250 words):
Fashion styles have changed a lot over the years. In the past, people followed strict rules about what to wear.
For example, men wore suits, and women wore dresses in most social situations. Today, fashion is much more
relaxed. People have the freedom to choose clothes that match their personality. Some prefer classic styles like
jeans and T-shirts, while others enjoy more modern or bold styles, such as streetwear or vintage fashion.
Fashion styles are also influenced by celebrities, musicians, and social media influencers. When a popular
person wears a certain item, many fans want to copy that look. This is why trends change so quickly. One
season, everyone might wear ripped jeans, and the next season, it could be wide-leg trousers.
People choose fashion styles for many reasons: comfort, self-expression, or even to make a statement. Some
want to stand out, while others prefer to fit in. No matter the reason, what you wear often says something about
who you are.
Vocabulary
Target Words:
1. Trend
2. Outfit
3. Casual
4. Stylish
5. Influence
6. Vintage
7. Expression
8. Personality
9. Modern
10. Statement
lesson notes Grammar Focus: Comparatives and Superlatives
Explanation:
Comparatives are used to compare two things:
“Streetwear is more popular than formal wear.”
Superlatives are used to show the highest degree:
“This is the most fashionable outfit.”
Forming Comparatives:
One-syllable words: add -er → taller, cooler
Words with 3+ syllables: use more → more stylish
Irregulars: good → better, bad → worse
Forming Superlatives:
One-syllable: add -est → tallest
3+ syllables: most → most fashionable
Irregulars: good → best, bad → worst
HANDOUTS
Study skills Comprehension Questions:
1. How has fashion changed over time?
2. What did men usually wear in the past?
3. Why is fashion more relaxed today?
4. What are two examples of classic fashion styles?
5. What is streetwear?
6. How do celebrities influence fashion?
7. Why do trends change quickly?
8. Give an example of a recent fashion trend mentioned in the text.
9. What are two reasons people choose their fashion style?
10. What does your clothing often say about you?
Vocabulary Questions (Multiple Choice):
1. What is a “trend” in fashion?
a) A type of cloth
b) A popular style at a certain time
c) A color pattern
d) A traditional outfit
2. What does “outfit” mean?
a) A single shoe
b) A hairstyle
c) A set of clothes
d) A makeup look
3. Which word means “relaxed and informal”?
a) Vintage
b) Casual
c) Stylish
d) Statement
4. A person who looks fashionable is:
a) Expression
b) Trend
c) Stylish
d) Influence
5. What does “influence” mean?
a) Ignore
b) Affect or inspire
c) Change clothes
d) Invent
6. What does “vintage” mean?
a) Old and classic
b) New and modern
c) Cheap
d) Colorful
7. “Expression” in fashion means:
a) A quiet voice
b) A way to show feelings or ideas
c) An expensive item
d) A makeup product
8. Your “personality” is:
a) The clothes you wear
b) Your job
c) Your way of thinking and acting
d) A fashion magazine
9. “Modern” fashion is:
a) From the past
b) Simple and old
c) Out of style
d) Current and new
10. A “statement” outfit:
a) Is quiet and unnoticed
b) Makes people talk or notice
c) Is very traditional
d) Is used for sleeping
Lesson notes Practice Questions:
Choose the correct form:
1. Today’s fashion is __________ than last year’s.
a) popular
b) more popular
c) most popular
2. That outfit is the __________ in the room.
a) more colorful
b) most colorful
c) colorfulest
3. This dress is __________ than that one.
a) stylish
b) stylishest
c) more stylish
4. He is the __________ dressed person here.
a) better
b) best
c) good
5. These shoes are __________ than my old ones.
a) comfortable
b) more comfortable
c) most comfortable
6. That model is __________ than the others.
a) taller
b) tallest
c) most tall
7. This is the __________ trend this year.
a) worse
b) worst
c) bad
8. His look is __________ than mine.
a) cooler
b) coolest
c) most cool
9. It’s __________ to wear layers in winter.
a) best
b) better
c) good
10. She wears the __________ hats!
a) more interesting
b) interesting
c) most interesting
ANSWERS
Study skills Answers:
1. It has become more relaxed and freer.
2. Suits.
3. People can choose clothes that reflect their personality.
4. Jeans and T-shirts.
5. A bold, casual style often influenced by urban culture.
6. Fans copy the looks of popular celebrities.
7. Because people follow new trends shown by influencers.
8. Ripped jeans and wide-leg trousers.
9. Comfort and self-expression.
10. It says something about your personality.
Vocabulary Answers:
1. b
2. c
3. b
4. c
5. b
6. a
7. b
8. c
9. d
10. b
Lesson notes Answers:
1. b
2. b
3. c
4. b
5. b
6. a
7. b
8. a
9. b
10. c
Lesson 2: Describing Seasonal Trends
Study Skills: Reading Comprehension
Reading (250 words):
Every season brings new fashion trends. In spring, people usually wear lighter colors and materials like cotton
or linen. Floral prints and pastel shades become popular as the weather gets warmer. Summer trends focus on
comfort and keeping cool. Shorts, sandals, and sunglasses are seen everywhere. Bright colors and fun patterns
are common during this time.
When autumn arrives, fashion turns towards earthy tones like brown, orange, and dark green. People begin
wearing jackets, boots, and scarves. Layering is a big trend in fall, allowing people to stay warm while still
looking stylish.
In winter, fashion becomes more practical. Coats, sweaters, and gloves are important. Many people choose
darker colors, but there is always room for creativity with accessories like hats and bags. Faux fur and wool are
popular fabrics because they are warm and fashionable.
Fashion designers often create new collections for each season, and shops display these trends in store windows.
However, not everyone follows seasonal trends. Some people prefer to wear clothes that suit their personal taste
all year round.
study skills Answers:
1. Light clothes like cotton or linen.
2. Because the weather gets warmer.
3. Bright and fun patterns.
4. Shorts and sandals.
5. Brown, orange, and dark green.
6. Wearing multiple clothing items together.
7. Faux fur and wool.
8. It keeps people warm.
9. Yes.
10. No, some follow their personal taste.
Vocabulary
Target Words:
1. Seasonal
2. Trend
3. Layering
4. Lightweight
5. Pattern
6. Earthy
7. Accessory
8. Practical
9. Material
10. Collection
Grammar Focus: Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
Explanation:
Present Simple is used for facts, routines, and general truths:
“People wear warm clothes in winter.”
Present Continuous is used for actions happening now or temporary situations:
“She is wearing a floral dress today.”
Form:
Present Simple: Subject + base verb (+ s/es)
Present Continuous: Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing
HANDOUTS
Study skills Comprehension Questions:
1. What types of clothes are common in spring?
2. Why are light materials used in spring?
3. What patterns are popular in summer?
4. Name two common summer fashion items.
5. What colors are typical for autumn?
6. What is layering?
7. What fabrics are popular in winter?
8. How is fashion practical in winter?
9. Do fashion designers create new trends for each season?
10. Do all people follow seasonal trends?
Vocabulary Questions (Multiple Choice):
1. What does “seasonal” mean?
a) For hot weather only
b) Related to a specific time of year
c) Expensive
d) Fashion from the past
2. A “trend” is:
a) A type of fabric
b) A popular style for a time
c) A weather condition
d) A coat
3. “Layering” means:
a) Putting on shoes
b) Wearing bright colors
c) Wearing clothes on top of each other
d) Folding clothes
4. Something “lightweight” is:
a) Easy to wear and not heavy
b) Thick and warm
c) Colorful
d) Decorative
5. A “pattern” in clothing refers to:
a) A hole
b) A button
c) A repeated design like stripes or flowers
d) A belt
6. “Earthy” colors are:
a) Red and blue
b) Brown, green, and orange
c) Neon shades
d) Black and white
7. An “accessory” is:
a) A large coat
b) A fashion shop
c) An extra item like a hat or bag
d) A hair color
8. “Practical” clothing is:
a) Expensive
b) Useless
c) Comfortable and useful
d) Rare
9. A “material” is:
a) A fashion magazine
b) A type of music
c) The fabric clothes are made from
d) A fashion model
10. A fashion “collection” is:
a) A single item
b) A group of items designed for a season
c) A fashion show
d) A wardrobe
Lesson notes Practice Questions:
Choose the correct form:
1. Every spring, she __________ sandals.
a) wears
b) is wearing
2. Look! They __________ bright scarves.
a) wear
b) are wearing
3. He usually __________ dark jackets in winter.
a) wears
b) is wearing
4. Right now, I __________ a new coat.
a) wear
b) am wearing
5. People __________ lighter colors in summer.
a) prefer
b) are preferring
6. This season, many designers __________ floral prints.
a) use
b) are using
7. In autumn, we __________ boots and sweaters.
a) wear
b) are wearing
8. At the moment, she __________ her winter gloves.
a) puts on
b) is putting on
9. Fashion shows __________ every season.
a) happen
b) are happening
10. He __________ a scarf today because it's cold.
a) wears
b) is wearing
ANSWERS
study skills Answers:
11. Light clothes like cotton or linen.
12. Because the weather gets warmer.
13. Bright and fun patterns.
14. Shorts and sandals.
15. Brown, orange, and dark green.
16. Wearing multiple clothing items together.
17. Faux fur and wool.
18. It keeps people warm.
19. Yes.
20. No, some follow their personal taste.
Vocabulary Answers:
1. b
2. b
3. c
4. a
5. c
6. b
7. c
8. c
9. c
10. b
lesson notes Answers:
1. a
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. a
6. b
7. a
8. b
9. a
10. b
Lesson 3: Discussing Personal Style and Expression
Study Skills: Reading Comprehension
Reading (250 words):
Personal style is a way people express their identity through fashion. Some individuals prefer simple clothes
with neutral colors, while others enjoy standing out with bold patterns and bright accessories. Your personal
style can reflect your mood, your culture, or even your job. For example, someone working in an office may
wear formal clothes, while an artist may prefer a creative and colorful look.
People often develop their style over time. They might be influenced by friends, family, or celebrities, but
eventually create a unique look that feels comfortable and true to themselves. For some, personal style is a way
to feel confident or make a statement about who they are.
It's important to remember that there are no rules in personal style. What matters most is how you feel in your
clothes. Feeling good often means looking good. Fashion allows people to experiment with different outfits,
mix and match pieces, and try new things. Whether someone dresses in sporty, elegant, edgy, or casual styles,
their clothing becomes a form of self-expression.
Vocabulary
Target Words:
1. Identity
2. Neutral
3. Bold
4. Unique
5. Statement
6. Self-expression
7. Comfortable
8. Edgy
9. Mix and match
10. Confident
Grammar Focus: Modals for Giving Opinions (should, could, might)
Explanation:
Should is used for advice: You should wear what makes you feel good.
Could is used for possibilities: You could try a new style this weekend.
Might is also used for weaker possibilities: That outfit might look better with different shoes.
Form:
Modal + base verb
(No "to" after the modal)
HANDOUTS
Study skills Comprehension Questions:
1. What is personal style?
2. How can people express personal style?
3. What do some people prefer to wear?
4. Give an example of how jobs influence clothing choices.
5. How does personal style reflect identity?
6. Who can influence someone’s style?
7. Why do people develop their own style over time?
8. How can clothing help someone feel?
9. Are there strict rules for personal style?
10. Why is experimenting important in fashion?
Vocabulary Questions (Multiple Choice):
1. Your “identity” is:
a) Your address
b) Who you are as a person
c) Your favorite store
d) A fashion rule
2. “Neutral” colors are:
a) Very bright
b) Rainbow colors
c) Soft, basic colors like black, white, and gray
d) Colors that change
3. “Bold” patterns are:
a) Tiny and hidden
b) Colorful and eye-catching
c) Worn only at night
d) Made of wool
4. A “unique” style means:
a) The same as others
b) Easy to wear
c) One-of-a-kind or original
d) Boring
5. A fashion “statement” is:
a) A quiet outfit
b) Something that shows strong personal style
c) Something you say aloud
d) A clothing receipt
6. “Self-expression” through clothing means:
a) Copying others
b) Showing your thoughts and personality
c) Wearing uniforms
d) Saving money
7. “Comfortable” clothes make you feel:
a) Tired
b) Cold
c) At ease and relaxed
d) Stylish but stiff
8. An “edgy” style is often:
a) Soft and simple
b) Creative, bold, and different
c) Business-like
d) Traditional
9. “Mix and match” means:
a) Wearing only matching clothes
b) Combining different items for a unique look
c) Wearing only black
d) Changing clothes often
10. A “confident” person feels:
a) Nervous
b) Unsure
c) Brave and secure
d) Sad
Lesson notes Practice Questions:
Choose the best modal (should, could, or might):
1. You __________ try something new with your outfit.
2. He __________ wear a jacket; it’s a bit cold.
3. That color __________ suit you.
4. I think you __________ wear more bright colors.
5. She __________ like that edgy look.
6. We __________ wear matching outfits for the event.
7. You __________ mix and match your clothes more.
8. This outfit __________ not be right for the occasion.
9. They __________ go for a casual look today.
10. I __________ wear something more comfortable tomorrow.
Study Skills Answers
study skills Answers:
1. A way of expressing identity through clothing.
2. Through colors, patterns, and accessories.
3. Simple clothes or bold and colorful outfits.
4. Office workers may wear formal clothes.
5. It shows mood, culture, or profession.
6. Friends, family, or celebrities.
7. To find what feels comfortable and true.
8. It can help them feel confident.
9. No.
10. It helps people discover what works for them.
Vocabulary Answers:
1. b
2. c
3. b
4. c
5. b
6. b
7. c
8. b
9. b
10. c
lesson notes Answers:
1. could
2. should
3. might
4. should
5. might
6. could
7. should
8. might
9. might
10. might
Lesson 4: Talking About the Fashion Industry
Study Skills: Reading Comprehension
Reading (250 words):
The fashion industry is a global business that designs, produces, and sells clothing and accessories. It includes
many people, such as designers, models, manufacturers, and marketers. Each plays a role in bringing fashion to
customers around the world. Fashion shows are often used to present new collections and inspire trends. These
events take place in fashion capitals like Paris, Milan, New York, and London.
The industry moves quickly. What is popular one season may go out of style the next. Fast fashion companies
produce new clothes every few weeks to meet customer demand. This makes fashion more affordable, but it can
also lead to problems like waste and poor working conditions in factories.
High fashion, or “haute couture,” is very different. It involves handmade, expensive clothes designed by top
designers. These items are shown on runways and often worn by celebrities or sold at luxury prices.
The fashion industry also uses a lot of advertising. Social media influencers and celebrities are often paid to
wear or promote certain brands. This helps companies reach younger customers and increase sales. While
fashion is fun and creative, it’s also a serious business that affects the environment, the economy, and workers
around the world.
Vocabulary
Target Words:
1. Industry
2. Manufacturer
3. Trend
4. Fast fashion
5. Haute couture
6. Collection
7. Advertising
8. Runway
9. Influencer
10. Affordable
Grammar Focus: Passive Voice (Present Simple)
Explanation:
We use the passive voice to focus on the action or result, not the person doing it.
Form:
am/is/are + past participle
Active: Designers create clothes.
Passive: Clothes are created by designers.
Examples:
New styles are shown at fashion shows.
Many clothes are made in factories.
Ads are seen online and on TV.
HANDOUTS
Study skills Comprehension Questions:
1. What does the fashion industry include?
2. Who presents new collections?
3. Name two fashion capitals.
4. Why does fast fashion produce clothes quickly?
5. What are some problems with fast fashion?
6. What is “haute couture”?
7. Who usually wears high fashion?
8. How do companies advertise their clothes?
9. What is the role of influencers in fashion?
10. How can fashion affect the world?
Vocabulary Questions (Multiple Choice):
1. The “fashion industry” is:
a) A sewing hobby
b) The business of making and selling clothes
c) A kind of school
d) A travel agency
2. A “manufacturer” is:
a) Someone who buys clothes
b) A store assistant
c) A person or company that makes clothing
d) A fashion model
3. A “trend” is:
a) A popular style
b) A fashion rule
c) A clothing problem
d) A magazine
4. “Fast fashion” means:
a) Slow fashion that lasts a long time
b) Expensive fashion for special events
c) Clothes made quickly to follow trends
d) Clothing stores that close early
5. “Haute couture” refers to:
a) Casual fashion
b) Cheap fashion
c) Handmade designer clothing
d) Children’s clothing
6. A fashion “collection” is:
a) A group of clothing designs shown together
b) A type of fabric
c) An outfit
d) A laundry service
7. “Advertising” is:
a) Washing clothes
b) Buying fabric
c) Promoting products through media
d) Storing clothes
8. A “runway” is:
a) A place where planes land
b) A stage for fashion models
c) A changing room
d) A clothing brand
9. An “influencer” is:
a) A clothing designer
b) A person who affects what others buy
c) A store owner
d) A fashion magazine
10. “Affordable” means:
a) Very expensive
b) Not available
c) Cheap enough for many people
d) Made of gold
Lesson notes Practice Questions:
Change the sentence from active to passive:
1. Designers make new collections every season.
2. Models wear the latest styles on the runway.
3. Workers produce clothes in large factories.
4. People buy affordable clothing from fast fashion stores.
5. Advertisers use social media to promote brands.
6. Stores sell fashion accessories online.
7. Celebrities wear haute couture at events.
8. Brands pay influencers to show their clothes.
9. Customers follow new fashion trends quickly.
10. Magazines publish style articles monthly.
ANSWERS
Study skills Answers:
1. Designers, models, manufacturers, marketers, etc.
2. Fashion shows and designers.
3. Paris, Milan (also New York, London).
4. To meet customer demand quickly.
5. Waste and poor working conditions.
6. Handmade, luxury clothing by top designers.
7. Celebrities or wealthy people.
8. Through ads and social media.
9. They promote brands and styles to followers.
10. It affects the environment, economy, and workers.
Vocabulary Answers:
1. b
2. c
3. a
4. c
5. c
6. a
7. c
8. b
9. b
10. c
Lesson notes Answers:
1. New collections are made every season.
2. The latest styles are worn on the runway.
3. Clothes are produced in large factories.
4. Affordable clothing is bought from fast fashion stores.
5. Social media is used to promote brands.
6. Fashion accessories are sold online.
7. Haute couture is worn at events.
8. Influencers are paid to show clothes.
9. New fashion trends are followed quickly.
10. Style articles are published monthly.
Lesson 5: Expressing Opinions on Sustainable Fashion
Study Skills: Reading Comprehension
Reading (250 words):
Sustainable fashion is a growing part of the fashion industry. It focuses on making clothes in ways that are
better for the environment and for people. This means using natural or recycled materials, reducing waste, and
paying workers fair wages. Many brands are now trying to be more responsible by using eco-friendly fabrics
and producing fewer items.
Fast fashion has been popular for years because it offers cheap, trendy clothes. However, many people are
starting to think more carefully about what they buy. They want to reduce pollution and avoid supporting
companies that do not treat workers well. Shopping less often and buying better quality clothes is one way to
support sustainable fashion.
People also express their opinions about sustainable fashion on social media. They share tips on how to shop
responsibly, reuse old clothes, or support ethical brands. Some influencers promote second-hand shopping and
teach others to repair or restyle clothes instead of throwing them away.
Changing habits isn’t easy, but every small step can make a difference. By expressing opinions and making
smart choices, people can help create a more sustainable future in fashion.
Vocabulary
Target Words:
1. Sustainable
2. Recycled
3. Waste
4. Eco-friendly
5. Ethical
6. Pollution
7. Responsible
8. Second-hand
9. Repair
10. Habit
Grammar Focus: Expressing Opinions (I think, I believe, In my opinion)
Explanation:
We express opinions using phrases like:
I think sustainable fashion is important.
I believe people should shop more responsibly.
In my opinion, fast fashion is harmful.
Form:
Opinion phrase + subject + verb
Examples:
I think everyone should recycle clothes.
In my opinion, second-hand shopping is a good choice.
I believe fashion can change the world.
HANDOUTS
Study skills Comprehension Questions:
1. What is sustainable fashion?
2. What materials are used in sustainable fashion?
3. Why do some people avoid fast fashion?
4. What does sustainable fashion try to reduce?
5. How are workers treated in sustainable fashion?
6. What can people do to support sustainable fashion?
7. Where do people share opinions about fashion?
8. What do influencers promote?
9. How can people reuse clothing?
10.
11.
12. What impact can small changes make?
Vocabulary Questions (Multiple Choice):
1. “Sustainable” means:
a) Lasting and good for the planet
b) Cheap and fast
c) Easy to wear
d) Popular for a short time
2. “Recycled” materials are:
a) New and unused
b) Used again in a new way
c) Expensive
d) Thrown away
3. “Waste” is:
a) Clean water
b) Unused or thrown-away materials
c) Recycled fabric
d) A new design
4. “Eco-friendly” means:
a) Bad for nature
b) Friendly people
c) Good for the environment
d) Trendy
5. “Ethical” fashion is:
a) Fashion made quickly
b) Fashion made with respect for people and nature
c) Fashion from famous brands
d) Cheap fashion
6. “Pollution” is:
a) Clean air
b) Dirty or harmful things in the environment
c) Healthy food
d) A clothing color
7. A “responsible” company:
a) Cares about people and the planet
b) Sells only expensive clothes
c) Copies others’ designs
d) Only makes kids’ clothes
8. “Second-hand” clothing is:
a) New from the store
b) Repaired by designers
c) Used or owned before
d) Handmade
9. To “repair” clothes means to:
a) Throw them away
b) Make them dirty
c) Fix or mend them
d) Wear them only once
10. A “habit” is:
a) A one-time action
b) Something you do often
c) A color
d) A type of shirt
Lesson notes Practice Questions:
Complete the sentences with your own opinions using: I think, I believe, or In my opinion.
1. __________ people should buy fewer clothes.
2. __________ fast fashion is not always a good choice.
3. __________ we can help the environment by changing our shopping habits.
4. __________ repairing old clothes is better than throwing them away.
5. __________ sustainable brands are more honest.
6. __________ influencers should support eco-friendly fashion.
7. __________ everyone can do something to help.
8. __________ second-hand clothes can be stylish.
9. __________ quality is more important than quantity.
10. __________ fashion should not harm the planet.
ANSWERS
Study skills Answers:
1. Fashion that helps protect the environment and people.
2. Natural or recycled materials.
3. Because it can cause pollution and treat workers unfairly.
4. Waste and pollution.
5. They are paid fair wages.
6. Shop less, buy better quality, support ethical brands.
7. On social media.
8. Second-hand shopping and repairing clothes.
9. By repairing or restyling them.
10. They help create a more sustainable future.
Vocabulary Answers:
1. a
2. b
3. b
4. c
5. b
6. b
7. a
8. c
9. c
10. b
Lesson notes Suggested Answers (may vary):
1. I think
2. In my opinion
3. I believe
4. I think
5. I believe
6. In my opinion
7. I think
8. I believe
9. In my opinion
10. I think