THDC Report
June 17, 2026
Vipin Thapliyal (Deputy G.M.) S&E (Social and Environment)
Sooraj Aggarwal Sir(Senior Manager) discussed with us the major broad topics that we need
to study about during the program, also to be included in Report. Kshitiz Sir will be guiding
us through the program.
Following were the points mentioned:
1. To do literature review on : types of hydropower projects
Storage reservoir
Runoff reservoir
Pump Storage Plant (PSPs)
2. Why is hydropower project required/beneficial?
3. Electricity Scenario of India: Generation, Demand
4. Peak Power Demand
5. Development Framework
Pre construction (Clearances involved, what all clearances are required
Construction
Operation
6. Compare the three types of Hydropower projects
Land acquisition
Duration
Wildlife Clearance
Linkages
7. What are the environmental and forest related challenges of HP projects
Land Acquisition
8. On stream, Off stream
9. Open loop, Closed Loop
10. Stages for clearance
11. Permission from state pollution control board and applicability
12. EIA EMP Reports: Executive summary
13. Legal Framework (in Operational Stage)
14. ESG aspects and ESG Reports
15. Read on PROJECT KALAI II, ARUNACHAL PRADESH
16.
Citations
NITI Aayog (n.d.) Hydro Power Technology in India. India Climate & Energy Dashboard (ICED).
[Link]
Central Electricity Authority (2026) Pumped Storage Plants. Ministry of Power, Government
of India. Available at: [Link] (Accessed: 23 June
2026)
Pandit, M.K., Manish, K., Singh, G. and Chowdhury, A. (2023). Hydropower: A low-hanging
sour-sweet energy option for India. Heliyon, 9(6), e17151.
[Link]
[Link]
utm_source=[Link]
Lele, N., & Menon, A. (2020). Mitigation or Myth? Impacts of Hydropower Development and
Compensatory Afforestation on Forest Ecosystems in the High Himalayas. Environmental
Science and Policy, 110, 181–191.
R&R
Step 1: Social Impact Assessment (SIA)
The process begins with a Social Impact Assessment (SIA) to evaluate the likely impacts of
land acquisition on affected families, livelihoods, and local communities. The SIA identifies
the extent of displacement, loss of assets, and social consequences of the proposed project.
Step 2: Public Consultation
The findings of the SIA are shared with local communities through a process of public
consultation. This ensures transparency and provides affected persons an opportunity to
express their concerns and suggestions regarding the proposed acquisition and rehabilitation
measures.
Step 3: Determination of Compensation
The Collector determines the compensation based on the market value of land, considering:
Market value specified under the Indian Stamp Act;
Average sale price of similar land in the vicinity;
Value of assets attached to the land;
Damages due to severance, loss of livelihood, and relocation expenses.
In addition, a 100% solatium is added to the compensation amount, along with other statutory
benefits. The Collector is also required to consider damages to crops, trees, buildings, and
other immovable assets attached to the land.
Step 4: Preparation of Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) Scheme
An R&R Scheme is prepared for the affected families, specifying measures relating to:
Resettlement and relocation; Compensation and assistance; Livelihood restoration;
Infrastructure and amenities at resettlement sites.
Authorities Involved
State Government, District Administration, Collector/Land Acquisition Officer,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Authorities
Output
Upon completion of compensation payment and implementation of the Rehabilitation and
Resettlement measures, possession of the land is taken and transferred to the project
proponent for project implementation.