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Tissues Class9 Notes

The document provides an overview of tissues, categorizing them into plant and animal tissues. It details types of plant tissues, including meristematic and permanent tissues, and describes various animal tissues such as epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Additionally, it highlights the differences between plant and animal tissues in terms of structure and function.

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5 views2 pages

Tissues Class9 Notes

The document provides an overview of tissues, categorizing them into plant and animal tissues. It details types of plant tissues, including meristematic and permanent tissues, and describes various animal tissues such as epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Additionally, it highlights the differences between plant and animal tissues in terms of structure and function.

Uploaded by

vthakur30311
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Notes on Tissues – Class 9 Science

1. Introduction
- Tissue: A group of similar cells performing a specific function.
- Two main types in organisms:
- Plant tissues
- Animal tissues
2. Plant Tissues
A. Meristematic Tissue (dividing cells)
- Characteristics: Small, thin-walled, dense cytoplasm, large nuclei, no vacuoles.
- Types:
1. Apical meristem – tip of roots and shoots → growth in length.
2. Intercalary meristem – base of leaves/nodes → length of internodes.
3. Lateral meristem – sides of stems/roots → growth in thickness.
B. Permanent Tissue (non-dividing cells)
1. Simple Permanent Tissue:
- Parenchyma: living, stores food, sometimes photosynthetic.
- Collenchyma: thick corners, flexible support.
- Sclerenchyma: dead, lignified, rigid (e.g. coconut husk).
2. Complex Permanent Tissue:
- Xylem: water/mineral transport upward (tracheids, vessels, fibers, parenchyma).
- Phloem: food transport both ways (sieve tubes, companion cells, fibers, parenchyma).
3. Protective Tissue:
- Epidermis: outer protective covering, sometimes cuticle.
- Cork: dead, waterproof protective cells.
3. Animal Tissues
A. Epithelial Tissue (covering/lining)
- Squamous: flat, lining of mouth, lungs.
- Cuboidal: cube-shaped, kidney tubules, glands.
- Columnar: tall, intestine (absorption).
- Ciliated: with cilia, respiratory tract.
- Glandular: secreting.
B. Connective Tissue
- Bone: rigid support.
- Cartilage: flexible, at joints.
- Ligament: bone to bone, elastic.
- Tendon: muscle to bone, strong.
- Areolar: fills spaces, under skin.
- Adipose: stores fat, insulation.
- Blood: fluid, transport of substances.
- Lymph: transports fat, immunity.
C. Muscular Tissue
- Striated: voluntary, cylindrical, multinucleated, attached to bones.
- Unstriated: involuntary, spindle-shaped, found in stomach/intestine.
- Cardiac: involuntary, branched, in heart.
D. Nervous Tissue
- Made of neurons (cell body, dendrites, axon).
- Function: transmit messages between brain, spinal cord, and body.
4. Differences Between Plant and Animal Tissues
- Plant: mostly supportive, rigid, less energy use.
- Animal: complex, movement/coordination, higher energy use.
Study Tip:
Page 1 → Introduction + Plant tissues
Page 2 → Animal tissues (Epithelial + Connective)
Page 3 → Animal tissues (Muscular + Nervous) + Comparison

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