Practice Questions-Tutorials

GENERAL CHEMISTRY I (CHEM 111)

Tutorial 6 (Week 9/10)

Q1. Which of the following statements about gases is not correct?

a) They have much lower densities than solids or liquids.
b) They have strong intermolecular forces.
c) They do not possess a shape of their own
d) They have high compressibility.
Q2. A mercury manometer is connected on one side to a bulb containing argon, while the other
end is open to atmospheric pressure, which is 762 mmHg. The mercury level in the open end of
the manometer is 22 mm below that in the side connected to the argon. What is the pressure of
argon, in mmHg?
a) 22mmHg
b) 740 mmHg
c) 760 mmHg
d) 784 mmHg
Q 3. Convert a gas pressure of 485 cm Hg to atmospheres.
a) 0.64 atm
b) 33.0 atm
c) 6.38 atm
d) 5.50 atm
Q 4. Calculate the pressure of 0.55 mol of NH3 gas in a 2.00 L vessel at 25 °C, using the ideal gas
law.
a) 2.5 atm
b) 6.7 atm
c) 7.5 atm
d) 3.4 atm
Q 5. Convert 295 mmHg to kilopascals (kPa).
a) 39 kPa
b) 57 kPa
c) 104 kPa
d) 295 kPa
Q [Link] volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas at
constant temperature and pressure" is a statement of______________ Law.
a) Charle’s
b) Boyle’s
c) Avogadro’s
d) Dalton’s
Q 7. Charles' law states that the __________ of a fixed amount of gas is _________ proportional
to its ___________.
a) pressure, inversely, volume
b) pressure, directly, volume
c) volume, inversely, temperature
d) volume, directly, temperature
Q 8. Calculate the pressure of 0.55 mol of NH3 gas in a 2.00 L vessel at 25 °C, using the ideal gas
law.
a) 2.5 atm
b) 6.7 atm
c) 0.6 atm
d) 7.5 atm
Q 9. A sample of a gas occupies 2.78 ×103 mL at 25 °C and 760 mmHg. What volume will it occupy
at the same temperature and 475 mmHg?
a) 4.45 L
b) 1.74 L
c) 1.04 L
d) 3.67 L
Q10. The density of a gas at 1 atm and 0 °C is 1.43 g/L. What is the gas?
a) H2
b) CH4
c) He
d) O2
Q11. Calculate the density of chlorine gas in g/L, at STP.
a) 0.32 g/L
b) 1.6g/L
c) 2.9 g/L
d) 3.2 g/L
Q12. Deviations from the ideal gas law are less at:

a) high temperatures and high pressures

b) high temperatures and low pressures
c) low temperatures and high pressures
d) low temperatures and high pressures

Q13. If the volume of a sample of gas is reduced at constant temperature, the average velocity of
the molecules _______, the average force of an individual collision _________, and the average
number of collisions with the wall, per unit area, per second_______.

a) remains the same, increases, increases

b) remains the same, remains the same, increases
c) remains the same, decreases, remains the same
d) decreases, increases, increases

Q14. Which of the following gases deviates most from ideal behavior?
a) Nitrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Helium
d) Hydrogen Chloride

[Link] the data shown in Table 5.4; calculate the pressure exerted by 4.37 moles of molecular
chlorine gas (Cl2 ) confined in a volume of 2.45 L at 38°C. Compare the pressure with that
calculated using the ideal gas equation.
Hint: Use Vander Waal’s Equation for calculation of pressure and Ideal
gas equation for comparison

[Link] the data shown in Table 5.4, calculate the pressure exerted by
2.50 moles of CO2 confined in a volume of 5.00 L at 450 K. Compare the
pressure with that predicted by the ideal gas equation.

Hint: Use Vander Waal’s Equation for calculation of pressure and Ideal
gas equation for comparison

Q17. Name the five elements and five compounds that exist as gases at
room temperature.
Hint: See Table 5.1 (Text book Page Number 174)

[Link] atmospheric pressure at the summit of Mt. McKinley is 606 mmHg on a certain day.
What is the pressure in atm and in kPa?
Hint: Use 1 atm  760 mmHg, the following conversion factor is needed to obtain the pressure in
atmosphere (atm). For the second conversion, Use 1 atm  101.325 kPa (kilopascal)

Answer: 0.797 atm , 80.8 kPa

Q19. A gas occupying a volume of 725 mL at a pressure of 0.970 atm is allowed to expand at
constant temperature until its pressure reaches 0.541 atm. What is its final volume?
Solution:

Q 20. At 46°C a sample of ammonia gas exerts a pressure of 5.3 atm. What is the pressure when
the volume of the gas is reduced to one-tenth (0.10) of the original value at the same temperature?
Solution:
Q21. The volume of a gas is 5.80 L, measured at 1.00 atm. What is the pressure of the gas in
mmHg if the volume is changed to 9.65 L? (The temperature remains constant.)
Solution:

Q22. A sample of air occupies 3.8 L when the pressure is 1.2 atm. (a) what volume does it occupy
at 6.6 atm? (b) What pressure is required in order to compress it to 0.075 L? (The temperature is
kept constant)
Q23. A 36.4 L volume of methane gas is heated from 25°C to 88°C at constant pressure. What is
the final volume of the gas?
Solution:
Q24. Under constant-pressure conditions a sample of hydrogen gas initially at 88°C and 9.6 L is
cooled until its final volume is 3.4 L. What is its final temperature?
Solution:

Q25. Ammonia burns in oxygen gas to form nitric oxide (NO) and water vapor. How many
volumes of NO are obtained from one volume of ammonia at the same temperature and pressure?
Solution:
Q26. Molecular chlorine and molecular fluorine combine to form a gaseous product. Under the
same conditions of temperature and pressure it is found that one volume of Cl2 reacts with three
volumes of F2 to yield two volumes of the product. What is the formula of the product?
Solution:

[Link] are standard temperature and pressure (STP)? What is the significance of STP in
relation to the volume of 1 mole of an ideal gas?
Solution: The conditions 00 C (273.15 K) and 1 atm (760mm Hg) is called standard temperature
and pressure, often abbreviated as STP.
The significance of STP in relation to the volume of 1 mole of an ideal gas that many real gases
behave like an ideal gas and must contain 22.4 L volume at STP.

Q28. A gas evolved during the fermentation of glucose (wine making) has a volume of 0.78 L at
20.1°C and 1.00 atm. What was the volume of this gas at the fermentation temperature of 36.5°C
and 1.00 atm pressures?
Solution:
Q29. An ideal gas originally at 0.85 atm and 66°C was allowed to expand until its final volume,
pressure, and temperature were 94 mL, 0.60 atm, and 45°C, respectively. What was its initia l
volume?
Solution:

Q30. Helium is mixed with oxygen gas for deep-sea divers. Calculate the percent by volume of
oxygen gas in the mixture if the diver has to submerge to a depth where the total pressure is 4.2
atm. The partial pressure of oxygen is maintained at 0.20 atm at this depth.

Q31. A piece of sodium metal reacts completely with water as follows:

2Na(s) + 2H2 O(l) →2NaOH(aq) + H2 (g)
The hydrogen gas generated is collected over water at 25.0°C. The volume of the gas is 246 mL
measured at 1.00 atm. Calculate the number of grams of sodium used in the reaction. (Vapor
pressure of water at 25°C 5 0.0313 atm.)
Q32. Calculate the volume (in liters) of 88.4 g of CO2 at STP.
Solution:

Q33. A gas occupying a volume of 725 mL at a pressure of 0.970 atm is allowed to expand at
constant temperature until its pressure reaches 0.541 atm. What is its final volume?
Solution:
Q34: Calculate the density of hydrogen bromide (HBr) gas in grams per liter at 733 mmHg and
46°C.
Solution:
Q35: At STP, 0.280 L of a gas weighs 0.400 g. Calculate the molar mass of the gas.

Q36: At 741 torr and 44°C, 7.10 g of a gas occupy a volume of 5.40 L. What is the molar mass
of the gas?
 Tutorial 7 (Week 11)
Q1. Aqueous solutions are best described as
e) homogeneous mixture
f) heterogeneous mixture
g) heterogeneous compound
h) compound
Q2. A small amount of NaCl is dissolved in water to make a solution. In this solution
e) water is the solute
f) NaCl is the solute
g) NaCl is the solvent
h) no solute is present
Q3. The process in which an ion is surrounded by water molecules in a specific manner is called:
a) ionization
b) dissociation
c) hydration
d) none of the above
Q4. If the solutes are nonelectrolyte in a solution, the solution:
a) conduct electricity
b) does not conduct electricity
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
Q5. Classify each of the following dissolved substances as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte
and nonelectrolyte: CaCl2 , HNO 3 , HCl, C2 H5 OH, HCHO 2 , H2 O and KBr.
Answer:

CaCl2 and KBr Strong electrolytes because they are ionic compounds
HCl, HNO 3 Strong electrolyte because these are strong acids
HCHO 2 Weak electrolyte because it is a weak acid
H2 O, C2 H5 OH Nonelectrolyte because they are molecular compounds

Q6. Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 1.4 moles of acetic acid (CH3 COOH) in 250
mL of the solution?

Answer:
moles
Molarity is calculated by using the molarity equation: Molarity  .
Volume (l )
 mol of CH3 COOH = 1.4 mol
Volume of CH3 COOH = 250 mL which must be converted to liter (L).
= 250 ÷ 1000 = 0.250 L
Substitute the two values in the equation above;

1.4
Molarity   5.6 mol/L
0.250
Q7. What is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 2 g of potassium chlorate (KClO3 ) in 150 mL of
distilled water?

Answer:
Calculate the number of moles of KClO 3 and then calculate the molarity.
Mole of KClO3 is calculated from the equation:

Weight of KClO 3
Mole KClO 3 
Molar mass of KClO 3

Weight of KClO3 = 2 g
Molar mass of KClO3 = 39 + 35.5 + (3×16) = 122.5 g / mole
Substitute the two values in the above equation;

2
Mol KClO 3   0.016 mol
122.5
To calculate the molarity, substitute the number of mol and the volume of solution (in liter) in the molarity
equation:
moles 0.016
Molarity    0.1066 mol/L
Volume (l) 0.150

Q8. How many grams of potassium hydroxide are required to prepare 600 mL of 0.450M KOH solution?
Answer: Calculate the number of moles of KOH
Mol KOH = Molarity of KOH × Volume (L) of KOH
= 0.450 × 0.6 = 0.27 mol KOH
Calculate no. of grams of KOH
Weight KOH
Mol KOH 
Molar mass of KOH
Weight KOH  mol KOH molar mass KOH
Weight KOH = 0.27 × 56 = 15.12 g KOH
Q9. Calculate the number of moles of nitric acid in 325 mL of 6 M solution.
Answer:
Mol HNO3 = M HNO3 × Volume of HNO3
Mol HNO3 = 6 M × 0.325 L = 1.95 mol HNO3

Q10. What volume (in L) of 0.250 M solution can be prepared from 160 g of potassium carbonate (K2 CO3)?
Answer:
 Calculate the number of moles of K 2 CO3
Weight of K 2 CO 3 160
Mol K 2 CO 3    1.16 mol
MM of K 2 CO 3 138
 Calculate the volume of K 2 CO3 solution
Mol K 2 CO3 1.16
Volume of K 2 CO3    4.64 L
Molaity of K 2 CO3 0.250

Q11. Calculate the volume of 1.5M HCl that would react with 25 g of CaCO 3 according to the following
balanced equation:

CaCO3 ( s )  2 HCl ( aq)  Ca  ( aq)  2Cl  ( aq)  CO2 ( g )  H 2 O(l )

Answer:
 Find the molar ratio:
From the chemical equation, the, molar reaction ratio between CaCO 3 and HCl is 1:2. This
means that 1 mol of CaCO3 react with 2 mole of HCl. Therefore 1 mol of CaCO 3 . = 2 mol of
HCl
 Calculate the number of moles of CaCO 3
Weight of CaCO 3 25 g
Mol CaCO 3    0.25 mol
Molar mass of CaCO 3 100 g /mol

1 Mol CaCO3 = 2 mol HCl = 0.25 × 2 = 0.50 mol HCl.

 Calculate the volume of the acid solution
Molarity of HCl = 1.5 M
Mol HCl = 0.50 mol

Mol HCl
Volume of HCl solution =  0.33L
M HCl
Q12. Suppose that 42.00 mL of 0.150 M NaOH solution is required to neutralize 50 mL of hydrochloric
acid HCl solution. What is the molarity of the acid solution?

Answer:
 Write balanced chemical equation
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2 O(l)
In this neutralization NaOH and HCl react in a 1:1 molar ratio. Therefore, the moles of HCl
solution are equal to the moles of NaOH required to react with it.
 Calculate the used moles of NaOH
0.150 M NaOH
42.00 mL NaOH solution = 0.042 L
Mol NaOH =Molarity × Volume (L) = 0.150 × 0.042= 0.00630 mol NaOH

 Since NaOH and HCl react in a 1:1 ratio, 0.0063 mol HCl, was present in the 50.00 mL of HCl
solution. Therefore, the morality of the HCl is
Mol HCl 0.0063
M HCl    0.126 M HCl
Volume ( l ) 0.050

OR
The following equation can be used to solve this problem as they have mole ratio (1:1):
MaVa = Mb Vb
Where MaVa are the molarity and volume of the acid and Mb Vb are the molarity and volume of the base
Therefore,
Ma × 50 mL = 0.150 M × 42 mL
Ma = 0.15 × 42 / 50 = 0.126M

Q13. How many milliliters of 5.0 M K2 Cr2 O7 solution must be diluted in order to prepare 250 mL of 0.10
M solution?

Answer:
M1 × V1 = M2 × V2

M2  V2 0.1M  250 mL
V1 = = = 5 mL
M1 5M
Q14. If 0.0042 g of a solute was dissolved in 52 g of water; calculate the concentration of the solution
obtained in terms of (a) mass % (b) ppm.

Answer
Mass of solute
(a) Mass % =  100
Mass of solution
Mass of solution = 52 + 0.0042 = 52.0042 g
0.0042
Mass % = 100 = 0.00808 %
52.0042
 Mass of solute 0.0042
(b) ppm =  106 =  106 = 80.8 ppm
Mass of solution 52.0042
Q15. If a solution was diluted from 0.5M to 0.1M by adding 200 mL of water, what was the volume of the
solution before dilution?
Answer:
M1 ×V1 = M2 × V2
V2 = (V1 + 200)
M1 × V1 = M2 × (V1 + 200)
0.5 × V1 = 0.1 × (V1 + 200)
0.5V1 = 0.1V1 + 20
0.5V1 - 0.1V1 = 20
V1 = 20/0.4 = 50 mL
Q16. Commercially available vinegar has a concentration of 0.8 M Acetic Acid. If 50 mL of water is added
to 200 mL of vinegar, what will be the molarity of the vinegar solution after dilution?

Solution:
M1 = 0.8 M V1 = 200 mL
M2 =? V2 = 200+50 = 250mL
M1 V1 = M2 V2
M2 = (M1 V1 ) ÷ V2
= 0.64 M
Q17. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Nutrient Database, the regular
Pepsi can (355mL) has 36 gram of sugar. Find the molarity of sugar present in it. (M. Mass of Sugar=
342.2 gmol-1 )

Solution: Molarity =

= 0.296 mol/L

Q18. Calculate the mass of KI in grams required to prepare 5.00 × 102 mL of a 2.80 M KI solution.
Solution:
Q19. How many moles of MgCl2 are present in 60.0 mL of 0.100 M MgCl2 solution?
Solution:

Q20. Calculate the molarity of each of the following solutions: (a) 29.0 g of ethanol (C2 H5 OH) in 545 mL
of solution, (b) 15.4 g of sucrose (C12 H22 O11) in 74.0 mL of solution, (c) 9.00 g of sodium chloride (NaCl)
in 86.4 mL of solution.
Solution:

Q21. Water is added to 25.0 mL of a 0.866 M KNO3 solution until the volume of the solution is exactly
500 mL. What is the concentration of the final solution?
Solution:
Q22. A 35.2-mL, 1.66 M KMnO4 solution is mixed with 16.7 mL of 0.892 M KMnO4 solution. Calculate
the concentration of the final solution.
Solution:

Q23. Calculate the percent by mass of the solute in each of the following aqueous solutions: (a) 5.50 g of
NaBr in 78.2 g of solution, (b) 31.0 g of KCl in 152 g of water, (c) 4.5 g of toluene in 29 g of benzene .
Solution:

Q24. Calculate the molality of each of the following solutions: (a) 14.3 g of sucrose (C 12 H22 O11 ) in 676 g
of water, (b) 7.20 moles of ethylene glycol (C 2 H6 O2 ) in 3546 g of water.
Solution:

Q25. Calculate the molality (m) of each of the following aqueous solutions:
(a) 2.50 M NaCl solution (density of solution = 1.08 g/mL),
(b) 48.2 percent by mass KBr solution.
Solution:

Molality (m) = moles of solute/mass of solvent (kg)

a) mass of 1L solution = 1000mL×1.08g/1mL=1080g

mass of water = 1080 g − (2.50 mol NaCl × (58.44 g NaCl/ 1mol NaCl)) = 934 g = 0.934 kg
m = 2.50mol NaCl/ 0.934 kg H2 O = 2.68m
b) 100 g of the solution contains 48.2 g KBr and 51.8 g H 2 O.
mol of KBr = 48.2g KBr × (1mol KBr/ 119.0gKBr)= 0.405 mol KBr
mass of H2 O (in kg) = 51.8g H2 O × (1kg/1000g)= 0.0518kg H2 O
m = 0.405 mol KBr/ 0.0518 kg H 2 O = 7.82m
 Tutorial 8 (Week 12/13)
Q1. The number of electron dots in the Lewis symbol for an element equals the
a) Number of outermost p electrons.
b) Period number that contains the element.
c) Number of outermost s and p electrons.
d) number of outermost s electrons
Q2. Which of the following lists has the four compounds in order of increasing lattice energy?
a) KF, KCl, KBr, KI
b) KI, KBr, KCl, KF
c) KF, KBr, KF, KCl
d) KBr, KCl, KF, KI
Q3. Based on lattice energies, which of the following ionic solids would be expected to have the
highest melting point?
a) KF
b) KCl
c) KI
d) NaCl
Q4. Order the following by increasing bond length: C≡N, C=N, C-N

a) C≡N, C=N, C-N

b) C≡N, C-N, C=N
c) C≡N, C=N, C-N
d) C=N, C≡N, C-N
Q5. Of the three major types of bonding (ionic, covalent, metallic) which ones are based on
electrostatic attractions between opposite charges?
a) only ionic bonding
b) only ionic and covalent bonding
c) only ionic and metallic bonding
d) none of the above
Q6. The Lewis dot symbol for the oxide ion is

a)

b)

c)

d)
Q7. Predict which of the following solids has the greatest lattice energy.
a) CsI
b) NaF
c) SrCl2
 d) KF
Q8. Order the following by decreasing bond length: C≡C, C=C, C-C.
a) they are all the same
b) C≡C, C=C, C-C
c) C-C, C=C, C≡C
d) C=C, C-C, C≡C

Short Questions:
Q9- Use Lewis dot symbols to show the transfer of electrons between the following atoms to form
cations and anions: (a) Na and F, (b) K and S, (c) Ba and O, (d) Al and N.

Solution:

Q10-Write Lewis structures for the following molecules and ions: (a) NCl3 , (b) OCS, (c) H2 O2 , (d)
CH3 COO- (e) CN-, (f) CH3 CH2 NH3 +

Solution:

Q11-Classify the following substances as ionic compounds or covalent compounds containing

discrete molecules: CH4 , KF, CO, SiCl4 , BaCl2 , RbCl, PF5 , BrF3 , KO 2 , CI4
Solution:
Typically ionic compounds are composed of a metal cation and and a nonmetal anion: KF, BaCl2 ,
RbCl, KO2 ,
Typically covalent compounds are composed of two nonmetals: CH4 , CO, SiCl4 , PF5 , BrF3 , CI4
Q12-Describe some characteristics of an ionic compound such as KF that would distinguish it
from a covalent compound such as benzene (C 6 H6 ).
Solution:

KF is an ionic compound. It is a solid at room temperature made up of K + and F- ions. It has high
melting point, and it is a strong electrolyte. Benzene, C 6 H6 is a covalent compound that exist as
discrete molecules. It is a liquid at room temperature. It has a low melting point, is insoluble in
water, and is a nonelectrolyte.

Q13- Draw the Lewis structure of chloroform or trichloromethane (CHCl3 ) and determine the number of
lone pairs of electrons in it.

Solution: There are 9 lone pairs of electrons.

Q14- Compare the Lewis symbol for neon (Ne) with the Lewis structure for methane (CH4 ). How many
valence electrons are in each structure? How many bonding pairs and how many non- bonding pairs does
each structure have?

Solution:
Both show 8 valence electrons. Methane (CH 4 ) has 4 bonding pairs & zero non-bonding pairs whereas
neon has zero bonding pairs & 4 non-bonding pairs

Q15-
Solution:

Q16- Draw two possible Lewis structures of nitronium cation NO2+.

Solution:

.. + .. + ..
:O NO: :O= N =O:
..
 Calculate the formal charges of all atoms in the above Lewis structures and show which one is
preferred?

.. + .. + ..
:O N O : :O= N =O:
..
Valence electrons: 6 5 6 6 5 6
Electrons assigned to atom: 7 4 5 6 4 6

Formal charge: -1 +1 +1 0 +1 0

.. + ..
:O = N = O : is preferred because the atoms bear formal charges closest to zero.

Q17- Arrange these three possible Lewis structure according to their stability.
Solution:

Valence electrons: 5 5 6 5 5 6 5 5 6

(Non-bonded electron): -4 0 -4 -2 0 -6 -6 0 -2

(No. of bonds) -2 -4 -2 -3 -4 -1 -1 -4 -3
________________________________________________________________________

Formal charge -1 +1 0 0 +1 -1 -2 +1 +1

“Less suitable” “Most suitable” “Least suitable”

“ Least suitable” Less charged
Atoms having more as most electronegative Atoms having more
rd
compare to 3 one atom got negative charge than others
Charge then others

2 1 3
Q18- Draw the Lewis structures of H2 O and CO 2 and indicate the single bond, double bonds and lone
pair of electrons.
Solution:

.. .. lone pair of electron .. .. lone pair of electron

O O C O
single bond .. ..
H H double bond
Q20- Predict the geometries of CHCl3 and SiH4 using the VSEPR method:
Solution: (a)

Q21- Predict the geometry of the following molecules and ion using the VSEPR model:
(a) CBr4 , (b) BCl3 , (c) NF3 , (d) H2 Se, (e) NO 2 2-

Solution:
Q22- Predict the geometries of the following species: (a) AlCl3 , (b) ZnCl2 , (c) ZnCl4
Solution:

Q 23-Predict the geometry of the following molecules and ion using the VSEPR model:
(a) CH I, (b) ClF , (c) H S, (d) SO , (e) SO 2-
3 3 2 3 4
Solution:
 Tutorial 9 (Week 13/14)
Q1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a) Oxidation occurs at the anode in a voltaic cell.

b) In an electrolytic cell, reduction occurs at the anode.
c) Electrons flow from the anode to the cathode in all electrochemical cells.
d) The cathode is labeled "+" in a voltaic cell.
Q2. Consider the electrochemical cell:
Zn(s) | Zn2+(aq) || Br-(aq) | Br2 (l) | Pt
Use data from the table of standard electrode potentials on page 3 to calculate the
standard potential of this cell, E°ce ll.
a) 0.31 V
b) 1.30V
c) -0.31 V
d) 1.83 V
Q3. Consider the following half-reactions and select the strongest oxidizing agent present:
Sr2+(aq) + 2e- → Sr(s) E° = -2.89 V
Cr2+(aq) + 2e- → Cr(s) E° = -0.913 V
Co2+(aq) + 2e- → Co(s) E° = -0.28 V
a) Cr2+(aq)
b) Sr2+(aq)
c) Co2+(aq)
d) Sr(s)

Hint: Review strengths of oxidizing and reducing agents on page 3.

Q4. Balance the following redox equation occurring in aqueous solution:

KMnO4 + KCl + H2 SO4 → MnSO4 + K2 SO 4 + H2 O + Cl2
What is the stoichiometric coefficient for chlorine (Cl2 ) when the equation is balanced with
smallest whole number coefficients?
a) 1
b) 3
c) 5
d) 8
Hint: Review balancing of redox equations

Q5. Consider the following electrochemical cell reaction:

2Fe2+(aq) + Cu2+(aq) → 2Fe3+(aq) + Cu(s)
Use the table of standard electrode potentials on page 3 to calculate the standard cell potential for
the above reaction.
a) -0.43 V b) +0.43 V c) +0.78 V d) +1.10 V
Q6. Consult the table of standard electrode potentials on page 3 in order to decide which one of
the following reagents is capable of reducing I2 (s) to I-(aq, 1 M).
a) Br-(aq)
b) Ag (s)
c) Sn (s)
d) Sn4+(aq,1 M)

Q7. Which of the following types of electrochemical cell is most likely to find use in the future
as a power source for electric vehicles?
a) fuel cell
b) dry cell
c) alkaline battery
d) lithium- ion battery

Hint: Review batteries

Q8. Which transformation could take place at the cathode of an electrochemical cell?

a) MnO 2  MnO 4  b) Br2  BrO 3

c) NO  HNO2 d) HSO 4   H 2SO3

Q9. The gain of electrons by an element is called __________.

a) Reduction b) oxidation c) disproportionation d) fractionation

Q10. Which substance is the reducing agent in the reaction below?

Pb  PbO 2 2H 2 SO 4  2PbSO 4 2H 2 O

a) Pb b) H 2 SO 4 c) PbO 2 d) PbSO 4

Q11. __________ electrons appear in the following half-reaction when it is balanced.

S 4 O 6 2  2S 2 O 32

a) 6 b) 2 c) 4 d) 1

Q12. The electrode at which oxidation occurs is called the __________.

a) Oxidizing agent b) cathode c) reducing agent d) anode

Short Questions:

Q13. Balance the following redox equations by the ion-electron method in acidic medium:

Cu(s) + HNO3(aq) Cu2+(aq) + NO(g) + H2O(l)

(a)
Solution:
2+
3Cu(s) + 2HNO3(aq) + 6H+(aq) 3Cu (aq) + 2NO(g) + 4H2O(l)

MnO4-(aq) + Br-(aq) Mn2+(aq) + Br2(l)

(b)
Solution:

16H+ + 2MnO4-(aq) + 10Br-(aq) 2Mn2+(aq) + 8H2O + 5Br2(l)

Q14. Describe the basic features of a galvanic cell. Why are the two components of the cell
separated from each other?
Solution:
It generally consists of two half cells and a salt bridge. Each half cell further consists of a metallic
electrode dipped into an electrolyte cathode and anode. These two half-cells are connected to
a voltmeter and a switch externally with the help of metallic wires.
The 2 components are separated make it possible for current to flow through an external wire.
 Tutorial 10 (Week 14/15)
Q1-Multiple Choice Questions
1- Which one of the following is an aromatic hydrocarbon?
a) propene b) pentene c) 2-octene d) toluene

Solution: d), because toluene has a benzene ring.

2-Hydrocarbons, which burn with smoky flame, are called:

a) aliphatic b) aromatic c) alicyclic d) aldehyde

Solution: b)
3- Which of the following does not represent a true organic compound?

a) ethylene b) ethanol c) ethanone d) methanol

Solution: c) Ketones starts with 3 carbon atoms.

4-Geometrical isomerism is usually found in:

a) alkanes b) esters c) alkynes d) alkenes
Solution: d)

5-A single atom or group of atoms which gives characteristic properties to a compound is called:
a) radical b) hydrocarbon c) functional group d) ion
Solution: c)
6-Which of the following is used for artificial ripening of fruits?

a) ethylene b) acetylene c) phenol d) methanol

Solution: a)

7-Which of following helps to ensure antiseptic conditions in hospital operating rooms?

a) ethylene b) acetylene c) phenol d) methanol

Solution: c)
8- The molecular formula of 2-methyl-2-butene is
a) C5 H10 b) C5 H12 c) C4 H8 d) C5 H8

Solution: a)
9-The group of compounds with the following general formula are called:

O
R C
OH

a) ketone b) aldehyde c) carboxylic acid d) ester

Solution: c) –COOH= carboxylic acid group

10-Which of the following is a secondary alcohol?

CH3
CH3 CH CH3
CH3 CH2 OH CH3 C CH3 CH3 OH
OH
OH

a) b) c) d)

Solution: b), A secondary alcohol is an alcohol containing -OH attached to a carbon that is attached to 2
more carbon atoms
11- What will be the product of the following reaction between acid and alcohol?

Solution: a) Reaction of alcohol and carboxylic acid produce ester So Answer is (a)

12-Which of the following hydrocarbon undergo addition reaction?

a) 1-butene b) butane c) n-pentane d) benzene

Solution: a), Alkenes and alkynes undergo addition reaction.

13- The addition of HBr to 2-butene produces……………….

a) 1-bromobutane b) 2-bromobutane c) 1,2-dibromobutane d) no reaction
Solution: b), attaching Br to either of the carbon will result to 2-bromobutane.
14-What is the name of the compound below?
CH3CH CH2C CH2
CH3 CH3
a) 2,4-methylbutene b) 2,4-dimethyl-1-pentene c) 2,5-dimethylpentane d) 2,4-dimethyl-4-pentene
Solution: b) Priority is given to the double bond in numbering alkenes
15- What is the name of the compound below?

CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH2CH3
C CH
a) 3-propyl-1-hexyne c) 3-ethyne heptane
b) 3-ethyl-heptane d) 3-trimethyl-1-hexyne

Solution: a) The longest chain must contain the triple bond

16- What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

a) 4-vinyl-2-pentyne b) 4-methylhex-2-yn-5-ene
c) 3-methylhex-4-yn-1-ene d) 3-methylhex-1-en-4-yne

Solution: d)

17-Addition polymerization is normally done with hydrocarbons with double bonds. Which of the
following cannot be polymerized?
a) C2 H4 b) C3 H6 c) C2 H6 d) C2 H8

Solution: c)

18-

Solution: 2, 2, 4 trimethyl hexane

19-

Solution: 2-methyl 4,6 diethyl octane

20-
Solution:

21-

Practice Yourself.
Short Questions
Q1- Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system.
a. CH3 -CH2 -CH3 ,
b. CH3 CH3 ,
c. CH3 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 CH3 ,
d.
C H3 CH CH 3
CH 2 C H2 CH 2 CH 3

Solutions:
a. CH3 -CH2 -CH3 Propane
b. CH3 -CH3 Ethane
c. CH3 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH3 n-heptane

CH3 CH CH3
d.
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
2-methyl hexane

Q2-Draw the structure for each of the following:

a) 2, 2, 4-trimethyloctane b) 1-chloro propane c) 2-bromo-3-chloro 4-ethylheptane
Solutions:

CH 3 CH 3
C H 3C C H 2C H C H 2 C H 2C H 2 C H 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 8
7
CH 3

a) 2, 2, 4-trimethyloctane
a) 1-chloro propane
CH3 -CH2 -CH2 -Cl
c) 2-bromo-3-chloro-4-ethylheptane

B r C l C H 2C H 3
C H 3C H C H C H C H 2C H 2C H 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Q3-Draw and name the two geometrical isomers of 2-pentene.
Solutions:
(i)

H C H 2C H 3
C C
CH3 H
trans-2-pentene
(ii)

H H
C C
CH3 CH2CH3
cis-2-pentene

Q4-Draw the structural formulas for the following hydrocarbons

i) 3,6-dimethyl-2-octene
ii) cis-1,2-dichloro ethene
Solutions:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CH3CH=C-CH2CH2CHCH2CH3

i) 3,6-dimethyl-2-octene
CH3 CH3

Cl Cl
C C
ii) cis-1,2-dichloro ethene H H

Q5- How to differentiate between n-hexane and 1-hexene by reacting with bromine?
Solutions:
1-hexene (Alkene) discharges the brownish color of bromine due to addition reaction, but n-hexane
(Alkane) doesn’t.
Q6- How to prepare ethanol from ethylene? (Give chemical equation and specific name the reaction).
Solutions:
Ethanol could be prepared by the reaction of ethylene with water in the presence of strong acid (H 2 SO4).
The reaction is called hydration
 CH2 =CH2 + H2 O (H2 SO4 ) → CH3 CH2 OH
This reaction is called as Hydration Reaction because water undergoes addition reaction.

Q7- Write the IUPAC names of the following.

CH C CH-CH2CH3
CH3
i)

CH C CH2Cl
ii)

Solutions:
i) ii)
CH C CH2Cl
CH C CH-CH2CH3
CH3

i) 3-methyl-1-pentyne ii) 3-chloropropyne

Q8-Draw the structural formulas for the following aromatic hydrocarbons
i) ethyl benzene
ii) phenol
iii) 1,2-dimethyl benzene

Solutions:

CH2CH3

i) ethyl benzene

OH

ii) phenol
 CH3

iii) 1,2-dimethyl benzene CH3

Q9- Write the IUPAC names of the following.

Br

i) Cl
ii)
NO2

Solutions:
Br

Cl
i) 1-bromo-3-chloro benzene
NO2

ii) Nitrobenzene
Q10- Styrene is an important raw material for the production of polystyrene (used in food packages) and
can be produce by alkylation of vinyl chloride with benzene. Give the equation for the reaction.
Solutions:

CH CH2

AlCl3
+ H2C CHCl + HCl

styerene
Q11- Identify the functional group in each of the following compounds:

O O O
i. R C OH ii. R C O R' iii. R C R'

iv. CH3 CH2 CHO v. R-O-R’ vi. CHCH vii. CH 3 CH2 OH

Solution:

Compounds Functional Group

O Carboxylic acid
i. R C OH

O Esters
ii. R C O R'

O Ketone
iii. R C R'

iv. CH3 CH2 CHO Aldehyde

v. R-O-R Ether

vi. CHCH Alkyne

vii. CH3 CH2 OH Alcohol

 Q12-Give the chemical formula of: i) Dimethyl ether ii) Ethanal iii) Propanone
iv) Ethanoic acid v) Methyl ethanoate
Solution:

i) Dimethyl ether CH3 -O-CH3

ii) Ethanal CH3 -CHO

iii) Propanone CH3 -CO-CH3

iv)Ethanoic acid CH3 -COOH

v) Methyl ethanoate CH3 -CO-OCH3

Q13- Give the name and the structural formula for an organic compound containing three C atoms that is:
i) an olefin
ii) an alcohol
iii) an ether
iv) an aldehyde
v) a ketone
vi) a carboxylic acid
vii) an ester

Solution:

i. an olefin CH3 -CH=CH2 1-propene

ii. an alcohol CH3 CH2 CH2 OH 1-Propanol

iii. an ether CH3 CH2 OCH3 ethyl methyl ether OR ethoxy methane

iv. an aldehyde CH3 CH2 CHO propanal

v. a ketone CH3 - CO-CH3 propanone OR acetone

vi. a carboxylic acid CH3 CH2 COOH propanoic acid

vii. an ester CH3 -CO-OCH3 methyl ethanoate