CHAPTER FOUR
DRAINAGE DESIGN
The drainage design of the proposed complex modern library
and resource center was done mainly to cater for waste water
and sewage disposal to public mains
The drainage involves surface run off water and sewage
systems done by disposing off waste water safely to existing
channels and septic tanks hence ensure efficiency
The design criteria will involve
a. maximum discharge
b. area of channel
c. manning’s equation
d. material for construction
The design of flow will be a closed channel flow in which
the flow occurs within a closed surface
Manning’s equation will be used in the design as follows
V=1/n m2/m;1/2
where
M=A/P Where
A=area of flow
P=Wetted perimeter
N= Manning’s equation coefficient of roughness
i= hydraulic gradient
RAINFALL INTENSITY
This refers to the amount of rainfall experienced in the area over a given period of time
e.g. a year
METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION
The rainfall intensity data was taken from the nearest meteorological department of
Kenya in dagorreti corner which is near to the site of for the development of the project
above.
The table given herein gives the average rainfall in mm for each month in the last 50 years
month Jan feb mar April may June July aug sep oct nov dec
rain 60 36228 200 138 46 54 20 21 24 72 119 79
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
Once the quantity of the runoff has been established the following are assumed
[Link] discharge
b. area of flow is kept constant
The formulae used= V=1/Nm2/3
V= velocity
N= manning’s equation coefficient of roughness
i=slope of channels
consider the section of the drainage below which is an open channel
A=1/2(2nd+2b)d
=d(b+nd)
For best trapezoidal section
A=2d2. 21+n2=nd2
B=2d(1+n)1/2-2nd
M=d/2
A= Area of velocity
V=Mean velocity
From manning’s equation formulae
V=1/Nm2/3
Where n =roughness coefficient
M=d/2
R=h/i
SEWARAGE DESIGN
The gradient of the sewer line is 1;90 from the existing sewer
line building is 15m and 30 m respectively
Station BMRL GLAT INVERT GL AT GL AT
1575.500 SEPTIC AT MANHOLE MANHOLE
TANK SEPTIC 2 1
2.285 3.7M 3.735 3.735 2.785
1,58
HC at septic=1575.50-3735.785=1575.785
Invert at septic tank 1575.785-3.735=1572.05RL at manhole 2
1572.05+0.8333=1572.1572.883
RL at manhole 1572.05-1.5=1573.55
Height of site rail above site ground
At manhole2
2.5-(1575.7685-2.785)-1572.882=2.3m
At manhole 1
2.5-(1575.785-1.58)-1573.55=1.854m
BEST RECTANGULAR SECTION
A=bd
P=b+2d
P=Ad-1+2d
For P minimum=dp/dd=A/D-2+2=0
OR
A=2d2
But A=bd
ARCHTECTURAL REQUIREMENT
The architectural part shows plan and sections and roof plans
and staircase design for the proposed modern complex library
and resource center
The design requirements were considered before coming up
with the design of the proposed development
The following factors were considered before the design was
achieved
adequate space for free movement
availability of good air circulation and enough
natural light in their building
good security system
availability of suitable materials to come up
with a rigid and long lasting building