Set, Relation & Function

Illustration 37. Which of the following functions is (are) even, odd or neither :
æ1 - xö
(i) f(x) = x2sinx (ii) f(x) = 1 + x + x2 - 1 - x + x2 (iii) f(x) = log çè ÷
1 + xø
e x + e- x
(iv) f(x) = sinx – cosx (v) f(x) =
2
Solution (i) f(–x) = (–x)2 sin(–x) = –x2 sinx = –f(x).Hence f(x) is odd.
(ii) f(–x) = 1 + ( - x) + ( - x)2 - 1 - ( - x) + ( - x)2

= 1 - x + x2 - 1 + x + x2 = –f(x). Hence f(x) is odd.

æ 1 - ( - x) ö æ 1 + xö
(iii) f(–x) = log ç ÷ = log çè ÷ = –f(x). Hence f(x) is odd
è 1 + ( - x) ø 1 - xø

(iv) f(–x) = sin(–x) – cos(–x) = –sinx – cosx.

Hence f(x) is neither even nor odd.

e - x + e - ( - x) e - x + e x
(v) f(–x) = = = f(x). Hence f(x) is even
2 2
Illustration 38. Identify the given functions as odd, even or neither :

x x
(i) f(x) = + +1 (ii) f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) for all x, y Î R
e -1 2
x

x x
Solution (i) f(x) = + +1
e -1 2
x

Clearly domain of f(x) is R ~ {0}. We have,

-x x -e x .x x (e x - 1 + 1)x x
f(–x) = - + 1 = - + 1 = - +1
e-x - 1 2 1 - ex 2 (e x - 1) 2
x x x x
= x+ - +1 = x + + 1 = f(x)
ex - 1 2 e -1 2
Hence f(x) is an even function.
(ii) f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) for all x, y Î R
Replacing x, y by zero, we get f(0) = 2f(0) Þ f(0) = 0
Replacing y by –x, we get f(x) + f(–x) = f(0) = 0 Þ f(x) = –f(–x)
Hence f(x) is an odd function.
Node-1\Target-2020-21\[Link](M+A)\Module\Enthusiast\English\Maths\EM-1\[Link], Relation & Function\Th.

1. Are the following functions identical?

x
(a) f (x) = and j (x) º 1; (b) f(x) = log x2 and j (x) = 2 log x;
x

( x)
2
(c) f(x) = x and j (x) = ;

(d) f(x) = 1 and j (x) = sin2x + cos2 x;

(e) f(x) = log (x – 1) + log (x – 2) and j(x) = log (x – 1) (x – 2).

55
JEE-Mathematics
2. Are the following functions identical?

x 1 x2
(a) f(x) = and j ( x ) = ; (b) ( )
f x = and j(x) = x; (c) f(x) = x and j ( x ) = x 2 ;
x2 x x
3. In what interval are the following functions identical?

(a) f (x) = x and j (x) = 10log10 x ; (b) f(x) = x x - 1 and j(x) = x ( x - 1)

4*. Which of the following functions are not homogeneous?

y xy x + y cos x x æyö y æxö

(A) x + y cos (B) (C) (D) l n ç ÷ + ln ç ÷
x x + y2 ysinx + y y èxø x è yø
5*. Which of the following homogeneouos functions are of degree zero?

x2 y y2 x x ( x - y) x2y y y
(A) l n + ln (B) (C) (D) x sin - ycos
y2 x x2 y y ( x + y) x + y3
3
x x
6. Determine whether even or odd:

( )
æ ax +1ö
(i) f(x) = log x + 1 + x
2
(ii) f (x) = x çç x ÷÷
è a -1 ø

(iii) f(x) = sin x + cos x (iv) f(x) = x2 – x

æ 1- x ö
(v) f(x) = log ç ÷
è1+ x ø
(vi) f(x + y) + f(x – y) = 2f(x). f(y); where f(0) ¹ 0 and x, y Î R.
7. If f(x) satisfies the relation, f (x + y) = f(x) + f(y) for all x, y Î R and
m

f(1) = 5, find å f (x) Also prove that f(x) is odd.

x =1

ì x | x |, 0 £ x < 1
8. A function defined for all real numbers is defined for x ³ 0 as follows : f (x) = í
î 2x, x ³1

How is f defined for x £ 0 if (i) is even ? (ii) f is odd ?

Node-1\Target-2020-21\[Link](M+A)\Module\Enthusiast\English\Maths\EM-1\[Link], Relation & Function\Th.

ì x|x| , x £ -1
ï
9. Find out whether the given function is even, odd or neither even nor odd where, f(x) = í[1 + x] + [1 - x], -1 < x < 1
ï -x | x | , x ³1
î
. where | | and [ ] represents modulus and greatest integral function.
10. Find whether the given function is even or odd function, where
x(sin x + tan x)
f(x) = é x + p ù - 1 where, [ ] denotes greatest integer function.
êë p úû 2

56
 Set, Relation & Function

11. Function f ( x) = x + x 3 is

(A) Even (B) Odd (C) Neither even nor odd (D) None of these

12. f ( x ) =sin x × cos x is

(A) An even function (B) An odd function

(C) Neither even nor odd function (D) None of these

13. The function f ( x) = sin x + cos x is

(A) An even function (B) An odd function
(C) Neither even nor odd function (D) None of these

æ 1- x ö
14. The function f ( x) = ln ç ÷ is
è 1+ x ø
(A) An even function (B) An odd function
(C) Neither even nor odd function (D) None of these

æ 1 - x2 ö
15. The function f ( x ) = ln ç 2 ÷ is
è 1+ x ø
(A) An even function (B) An odd function
(C) Neither even nor odd fucntion (D) None of these
16. Which of the following is not an odd function ?
(A) g(x) – g(–x) (B) sin (g4(x) – g4(–x))
æ x 4 + x2 + 1 ö
(C) ln ç 2 ÷ (D)x3g6(x).g6(–x)+ tan3(sin5x)
è x + x +1 ø
Match the entries of column- I with one or more entries of the elements of column - II.
17*. Column-I
Column-II
(A) f ( x) = 1 - x + x 4 - 1 + x + x 4 (P) Is even

(B) f ( x) = ln ( 1+ x2 + x ) (Q) Is odd

(C) f ( x ) = x + cos( x ) (R) Is neither even nor odd

Node-1\Target-2020-21\[Link](M+A)\Module\Enthusiast\English\Maths\EM-1\[Link], Relation & Function\Th.

(D) f ( x ) = 0
(S) Has graph symmetric about y-axis
18*. Column-I
Column-II
(A) f ( x ) = x3 + 8 x + 9 (P) Has graph symmetric about y-axis

e x - e- x
(B) f ( x) = (Q) Has graph symmetric about origin
e x + e- x
x x
(C) f ( x ) = x
+ +1 (R) Is neither even nor odd function
e -1 2
g 2 ( x ) - g 2 (- x)
(D) f ( x ) = "xÎ R (S) Is odd function
g 2 ( x) + g 2 (- x)

57
JEE-Mathematics

Þ 2 £ 2y £ 4 Þ y Þ [1, 2]

(iii) f(x) = log 2

(2 - log 2 (16 sin2 x + 1) )
1 £ 16 sin2 x + 1 £ 17
\ 0 £ log2 (16 sin2x +1) £ log2 17
\ 2 – log2 17 £ 2 – log2 (16 sin2 x + 1) £ 2
Now consider 0 < 2 – log2 (16 sin2x + 1) £ 2
\ –¥ < log 2 [2 - log2 (16 sin2 x + 1)] £ log 2
2=2
\ the range is (–¥, 2]

l To check whether relation is a function, vertical line test can be applied on its graph.
l Domain of f1, f2 be D1, D2 then domain of f1 + f2, f1 – f2, f1 × f2 will be D1 Ç D2.
l f and g one are two functions defined for same domain, range of f is R and g is a bounded in domain. Then range
of f(x) + g(x) is R.
l If domain consist of discrete number of elements range can be found by direct substituting the values of x.

1. Find the domains of the following function:

1
(A) y = log10 ( x + 3) (B) y = 5 - 2x (C) y = 1/(x 2 - 1) (D) y = 2
x +1
1 2x
(E) y = 3 (F) y = 2
x -x x - 3x + 2
2. Find the domains of the following function:

(A) y = 1 - 1 - x 2 (B) y = 1/ x 2 - 4x (C) y = x 2 - 4x + 3

3. Find the domains of the following function:
1 1
y= y=
(A) y = 1 - x (B) x -x (C) x- x
4. Find the domains of the following function:

æ 5x - x 2 ö
Node-1\Target-2020-21\[Link](M+A)\Module\Enthusiast\English\Maths\EM-1\[Link], Relation & Function\Th.

(A) y = log10 ç ÷÷ (B) y = log10 sin x

ç 4
è ø

1
(C) y = log x 2 (D) y = log 1 - x + x + 2
10 ( )
5. Find the domains of the following function:
3
(A) y = 2
+ log10 (x 3 - x) (B) y = log10 sin(x - 3) + 16 - x 2
4-x
(C) y = sin x + 16 - x 2
6. Find the domains of the following function:

x-2 1- x 2 1
(A) y = + (B) y = x - 3x + 2 +
x+2 1+ x 3 + 2x - x 2

42
 Set, Relation & Function
7. Find the domains of the following function:

(A) y = (x 2 + x + 1)-3 / 2 (B) y = log10 ( x-4 + 6-x )

ë
2
(
(C) y = log10 é1 - log10 x - 5x + 16 ù )û (D) f (x) = sin x

æ 5 - 2x ö
8. The number of integers lying in the domain of the function ƒ (x) = log 0.5 ç ÷ is -
è x ø
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0

1- | x |
9. The domain of the function f (x) = is -
2 -| x |
(A) x Î ( & ¥, & 1) È (1, ¥) (B) x Î ( & ¥, & 2) È (2, ¥)
(C) x Î ëé&1, 1ûù È ( & ¥, & 2) È (¥, 2) (D) None of these

10. Domain to function {

log (5x - x 2 ) / 6 is -}
(A) (2, 3) (B) [2, 3] (C) [1, 2] (D) [1, 3]

æ 3x -1 ö
11. The domain of ƒ(x) = log1/3 ç ÷ -1 is -
è x +2ø

æ 1 5ù æ5 ö æ5 ö æ 5ö
(A) ç , ú (B) ç , ¥ ÷ (C) ( -¥, -2 ) È ç , ¥ ÷ (D) ç -2, ÷
è 3 8û è8 ø è8 ø è 8ø

5. 0 IMPORTANT TYPES OF FUNCTION

(a) Polynomial function
If a function ‘f’ is called by f(x) = a 0xn + a 1xn–1 + a2xn–2 + ...+ a n–1 x + a n where n is a non
negative integer and a0, a1, a2,....an are real numbers and a0¹ 0, then f is called a polynomial function of
degree n.
NOTE
(i) A polynomial of degree one with no constant term is called an odd linear function. i.e.
f(x) = ax, a ¹ 0
(ii) There are two polynomial functions, satisfying the relation; f(x). f(1/x) = f(x) + f(1/x). They are
Node-1\Target-2020-21\[Link](M+A)\Module\Enthusiast\English\Maths\EM-1\[Link], Relation & Function\Th.

(1) f(x) = xn + 1 & (2) f(x) = 1 – xn , where n is a positive integer.

(iii) Domain of a polynomial function is R
(iv) Range of odd degree polynomial is R whereas range of an even degree polynomial is never R.
(b) Algebraic function
A function ‘f’ is called an algebraic function if it can be constructed using algebraic operations (such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and taking radicals) starting with polynomials.
x 4 - 16x2
Examples – f(x) = x + 1 ; g(x) =
2 + (x – 2) 3 x + 1
x+ x
If y is an algebraic function of x, then it satisfies a polynomial equation of the form
P0(x)yn + P1(x)yn–1 + ........ + Pn–1(x)y + Pn(x) = 0, where ‘n’ is a positive integer and P0(x), P1(x),.......
are polynomial in x.
Note that all polynomial functions are Algebraic but the converse in not true. A functions
that is not algebraic is called TRANSCEDENTAL function.

43
 Set, Relation & Function
The properties of absolute value function are
(i) The inequality |x| £ a means that - a £ x £ a ; if a > 0
(ii) The inequality |x| ³ a means that x ³ a or x £ – a if a > 0
(iii) |x ± y| £ |x| + |y| ( Tr ia n g le I ne q ua lit y ) Equality holds when x .y ³ 0
(iv) |x ± y| ³ ||x| – |y|| ( Tr ia n g le I ne q ua lit y ) Equality holds when x .y ³ 0
(v) |xy| = |x|.|y|
x |x|
(vi) = , (y ¹ 0)
y |y|

1
Note – f(x )= , Doma in : R – {0}, Ra nge : R +
|x|

Illustration 27. Determine the values of x satisfying the equality.

|(x2 + 4x + 9) + (2x – 3)| = |x2 + 4x + 9| + |2x – 3|.
Solution The equality |a + b| = |a| + |b| is valid if and only if both summands have the same sign,
Q x2 + 4x + 9 = (x + 2)2 + 5 > 0 at any values of x, the equality is satisfied at those values
3
of x at which 2x – 3 ³ 0, i.e. at x ³ .
2
Illustration 28. Determine the values of x satisfying the equality |x4 – x2 – 6| = |x4 – 4| – |x2 + 2|.

Solution The equality |a – b| = |a|–|b| holds true if and only if a and b have the same sign and
|a|³|b|.
In our case the equality will hold true for the value of x at which x4 – 4 ³ x2 + 2.
Hence x2 – 2 ³ 1; |x| ³ 3.

1. Range of the function f ( x ) = 7sin x + 8 is

(A) [–1, 15] (B) [1, 15] (C) [–7, 7] (D) [5, 10]

2. Range of the function f ( x) = x 2 - 7 is

(A) [7, ¥) (B) (–¥, 7] (C) [–7, ¥) (D) (–¥, –7]

Node-1\Target-2020-21\[Link](M+A)\Module\Enthusiast\English\Maths\EM-1\[Link], Relation & Function\Th.

3. Range of the function f(x) = sin x where x Î[ -1, 2] is

(A) [sin 1, 1] (B) [–sin 1, 1] (C) [–sin 1, sin 1] (D) [–1, 1]

4. Range of the function f(x) = cos x where x Î[-2,2] , is

(A) [–1, 1] (B) [cos 2, 1] (C) [– cos 2, 1] (D) [–cos 2, cos 2]

5. Sum of all the integers in the range of the function f ( x ) = x 2 - 4 x + 5 , where xÎ[0,3] , is

(A) 15 (B) 10 (C) 25 (D) None of these

6. If range of function f ( x) = esin x is [a, b] then a × b =

2 e
(A) 2e (B) (C) (D) 1
e 2

47
JEE-Mathematics

7. The range of function f ( x ) = ln(sin x) is

(A) (–¥, ¥) (B) (–¥, 0] (C) (–¥, sin 1] (D) [0, ¥)

8. Range of the function f ( x ) = ln(ln x ) is

(A) (–¥, ¥) (B) (–¥, 0] (C) (–¥, 0) (D) (0, ¥)

9. Sum of natural numbers which are not contained in the range of function f ( x) = esec x , is

(A) 3 (B) 9 (C) 245 (D) None of these

10. Least integer in the range of function f ( x) = e 4(ln x ) is

(A) 0 (B) –4 (C) 4 (D) 1

1
11. Range of F ( x ) = is
8sin x + 5

æ 1ù æ 1ù é1 ö æ 1ù é 1 1ù
(A) ç -¥, (B) ç -¥, - ú È ê , ¥ ÷ (C) ç -¥, (D) ê , ú
è 3 ûú è 3 13
û ë ø è 13 úû ë13 3 û

1
12. Range of function f ( x) = x is
e -3

æ 1ö æ 1ö æ1 ö æ 1 1ö
(A) ç -¥, - ÷ È (0, ¥) (B) ç -¥, - ÷ È ç , ¥ ÷ (C) (–¥, ¥) (D) ç - , ÷
è 3ø è 3ø è 3 ø è 3 3ø

13. The range of the function f(x) = log e(3x2 – 4x + 5) is

æ 11 ù é 11 ö é 11 11 ù
(A) ç -¥, log e (B) ê log e ,¥÷ (C) ê - log e , log e ú (D)None of these
è 3 úû ë 3 ø ë 3 3û

4
14. Range of function f ( x ) = is
6sin x + 5cos x + 7
Node-1\Target-2020-21\[Link](M+A)\Module\Enthusiast\English\Maths\EM-1\[Link], Relation & Function\Th.

é 61 - 7 ö æ 61 - 7 ù
(A) ê , ¥ ÷÷ (B) çç -¥, ú
ë 3 ø è 3 û

æ æ 61 + 7 ö ù é 4 ö æ 4 ù
(C) çç -¥, - çç ÷÷ú È ê ,¥ ÷ (D) ç -¥, ú
è è 3 øúû ë 7 + 61 ø è 7 - 61 û

æ pö
15. Number of integers in the range of function f ( x) = 5sin x + 4cos ç x + ÷ + 3 is
è 6ø

(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) More than 10

48
 Set, Relation & Function

p2
16. The range of the function y = 3sin - x 2 is
16

é 3 ù é 3 3 ù
(A) ê 0, (B) ê - ,
ë 2 úû ë 2 2 úû

é 3 ù
(C) ê - ,0
2 úû
(D) None of these
ë

x 2 - 3x + 2
17. The value of the function f(x) = 2 lies in the interval
x + x -6

ì1 ü
(A) (– ¥ , ¥ )– í ,1ý (B) (– ¥ , ¥ ) (C) (– ¥ , ¥ )–{1} (D) None of these
î5 þ

18. Sum of least integer and greatest integer in the range of the function f ( x) = sin 2 x - 3sin x + 5 is

(A) 12 (B) 10 (C) 8 (D) 6

19. Least integer in the range of the function f ( x ) = 9 x + 5 × 3x + 7 is

(A) 3 (B) 8 (C) 7 (D) 9

x2 + x + 1 a
20. If product of least and greatest value of the function f ( x ) = 2 is where a and b are coprime then
x -x+2 b
a+b=
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20

x
21. Range of the function f ( x ) = is
1 + x2
Node-1\Target-2020-21\[Link](M+A)\Module\Enthusiast\English\Maths\EM-1\[Link], Relation & Function\Th.

é 1 1ù é 1ù é 1 ù
(A) [–1, 1] (B) ê - , (C) ê -1, (D) ê - ,1ú
ë 2 2 úû ë 2 úû ë 2 û

22*. Let set ‘S’ be the range of the function f ( x ) = 9 tan 2 x + 16cot 2 x then

(A) Least value of S is 24 (B) Number of integers in S is 10

(C) S is [24, ¥) (D) Least value of S is 25

æ sin x - cos x + 3 2 ö
23. If [p, q] is range of function f ( x ) = log 2 çç ÷÷ then 2p + 5q =
è 2 ø

24. Number of integers in the range of the function f ( x) = cos2 x - 5cos x - 6 is

49
 Set, Relation & Function

px
(e) f(x) = sin Y
2
Graphically; 1
Which shows f(x) is one-one and onto as range
–1
O 1 X
= co-domain.
Therefore, f(x) is bijective. –1

Illustration 45. Let f : R ® R be a function defined by f (x) = x + x2 , then f is

(A) injective (B) surjective (C) bijective (D) None of these

Solution We have, f(x) = x + x2 = x + | x |

Clearly, f is not one-one as f(–1) = f(–2) = 0 and –1 ¹ – 2
Also, f is not onto as f(x) ³ 0 " x Î R
\ range of f = (0, ¥) Ì R Ans.(D)
2
x + 3x + a
Illustration 46. Let f(x) = , where f : R ® R. Find the value of parameter 'a' so that the given function
x2 + x + 1
is one-one.

x 2 + 3x + a
Solution f(x) =
x2 + x + 1

(x2 + x + 1)(2x + 3) - (x 2 + 3x + a)(2x + 1) -2x2 + 2x(1 - a) + (3 - a)

f'(x) = =
2
(x + x + 1) 2
(x2 + x + 1)2

Let, g(x) = –2x2 + 2x (1 – a) + (3 – a)

g(x) will be negative if 4 (1 – a)2 + 8 (3 – a) < 0
Þ 1 + a2 – 2a + 6 – 2a < 0 Þ (a – 2)2 + 3 < 0
which is not possible. Therefore function is not monotonic.
Hence, no value of a is possible.

+ 1
1*. Let f : R ® R : f ( x ) = x + then
x
Node-1\Target-2020-21\[Link](M+A)\Module\Enthusiast\English\Maths\EM-1\[Link], Relation & Function\Th.

(A) f is injective mapping (B) f is many-one mapping

(C) f is surjective mapping (D) f is in-to mapping
2*. Let f : R ® R : f ( x ) = x + 3cos x then
(A) f is one-one function (B) f is many-one function
(C) f is on-to function (D) f is In-to function
3*. Let f : R + ® R : f ( x ) = x 2 + ln x then
(A) f is injective mapping (B) f is surjective mapping
(C) f is bijective mapping (D) f is singular mapping

+ x
4*. Let f : R ® R : f ( x ) = then
x2
(A) f is one-one function (B) f is many-one function
(C) f is on-to function (D) f is In-to function

65
JEE-Mathematics
Match the entries of column- I with one or more entries of the elements of column - II.
5*. Column-I Column-II
(A) f : R ® R : f ( x) = x 3 + x 2 + 5 x + 7 (P) One-one function

(B) f : R ® R : f ( x ) = x 3 - x 2 - 3x + 2 (Q) Many-one function

(C) f : R ® R : f ( x) = x + sin x (R) Onto function

(D) f : R ® R : f ( x) = sin( x 2 ) (S) Into function

6*. Column-I Column-II

e x - e- x
(A) f : R ®[ -1,1]: f ( x) = (P) One-one mapping
e x + e- x
(B) f : R ® R : f ( x) = x + | x | (Q) Many-one mapping

(C) f : R + ® R : f ( x ) = sin(e - x ) (R) Onto mapping

(D) f : R + ® R + : f ( x ) = x 2 (S) Into mapping

7. If f : R + ® A : f ( x ) = x 2 be any onto function then least positive integral value in set A is

8. If f : R ® A : f ( x) = sin 3 x is surjective function then number of integers in the set A is

9. If f : R ® A : f ( x ) = x5 + 9 x 2 + 7 is onto function then least prime number in set A is

10. If f : (1, ¥) ® R : f ( x) = ln(2 x 2 - 5ax + 3a 2 ) is a bijective function then greatest value of 3a is

14.0 COMPOSITE OF UNIFORMLY & NON-UNIFORMLY DEFINED

FUNCTION
Let f – A ® B & g : B ® C be two functions. Then the function gof : A ® C defined by (gof ) (x) = g(f(x)) " x Î
A is called the composite of the two functions f & g.

x f(x)
Diagramatically f g g (f(x))

Thus the image of every x Î A under the function gof is the g-image of f-image of x.

Note that gof is defined only if " x Î A, f(x) is an element of the domain of ‘g’ so that we can take its
g-image. Hence in gof(x) the range of ‘f’ must be a subset of the domain of ‘g’.
Node-1\Target-2020-21\[Link](M+A)\Module\Enthusiast\English\Maths\EM-1\[Link], Relation & Function\Th.

l Properties of composite functions

(a) In general composite of functions is not commutative i.e. gof ¹ fog.

(b) The composite of functions is associative i.e. if f, g, h are three functions such that fo(goh) & (fog)oh
are defined, then fo(goh) = (fog)oh.

(c) The composite of two bijections is a bijection i.e. if f & g are two bijections such that gof is defined,
then gof is also a bijection.

l f & g are two one-one function defined for all real values then both fog & gof are one-one.
l f : R ® R, G : R ® R and range of f is A then range of fog is A.

66
 Set, Relation & Function

ANSWER KEY
BEGINNER'S BOX-1
1 (A) 2 (C) 3 (A) 4 (A) 5 (B) 6 (A)
7 (D) 8 (C) 9 (A) 10 (B)
11. Domain of f = {p, q, r, s}. Co-domain of f = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Range of f = {1, 2, 3, 4}
12. (iii), (iv), (vi), (vii), (ix)
13. (iv, v)
14. Domain = {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2}, Range = {0, 1, 4}
15. (a) {–5, 5} (b) Pre-image of 39 are ± 6. Does not have any pre-image of 2 under f.

16. (a) f(1/2) = 1, f (p) = –1, f ( 2) = –1 (b) {1, –1}

(c) Pre-image of 1 are rational numbers, Pre-image of –1 are irrational numbers
17. f4 is the function in the given set. Range of f = {1, 2, 3, 4}
18. (a) f = {(x, f(x)): x Î A } Þ f = {(–1, 2), (0, 1), (2, 5), (4, 17)}; Range = {2, 1, 5, 17}

(b) Range of g = {(x, g(x)): x Î A }; Range of g = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20}
19. g is a function. a = 2, b = –1.
20. (b)

2
æ 1 ö 1+ x 2x + 1 æ1+ x ö 2 x2 + 1 æ x +1ö
21. fç ÷= , f (2x) = , 2f (x) = 2 ç ÷ , f (x ) = (f (x)) 2 = ç ÷
è x ø 1- x 2x - 1 è x -1 ø 2
x -1 è x -1 ø

æpö æ 2p ö
24. f(–1) = 2, f ç ÷ = 1 , f ç ÷ = 3 , f(4) = 2/7, f(6) = 3/17
è2ø è 3 ø

25. f ( 2) = 4 2 +1 , f ( 8) = 2 1
2 -2
, f ( )
log 2 1024 = 2 10 - 5

BEGINNER'S BOX-2
1. (A) x > -3 (B) x £5/2 (C) R – {1, - 1}
(D) R (E) R – {0, 1, - 1} (F) R – {1, 2}

2. (A) [–1, 1] (B) ( -¥,0 ) È ( 4, ¥ ) (C) (– ¥ , 1] È [3, ¥)

Node-1\Target-2020-21\[Link](M+A)\Module\Enthusiast\English\Maths\EM-1\[Link], Relation & Function\Ex.

3. (A) [–1, 1] (B) x < 0 (C) nullset

4. (A) [ 1, 4] (B) (2n p , (2n +1) p ) (C) ( 0, 1) È (1, ¥ )
(D) ( 1, 0 ) È (0, -2] (E) {1}
5. (A) (– 1, 0) È (1,2) È (2, ¥ ) (B) ( 3 – p , 3 – 2 p ) È (3, 4]
(C) [–4, – p ] È [0, p ]
6. (A) nullset (B) (–1, 1] È [2, 3)
7. (A) R (B) [4, 6] (C) (2, 3) (D) 4 k 2p 2 £ x £ (2 k + 1)2 p 2
8. (C) 9. (C) 10. (B) 11. (A)
BEGINNER'S BOX-3
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (D)
7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (D) 11. (B) 12. (A)
13. (B) 14. (C) 15. (B) 16. (A) 17. (A) 18. (A)
19. (B) 20. (B) 21. (B) 22. (AC) 23. (12) 24. (11)

93
JEE-Mathematics

BEGINNER'S BOX-4
4. (2)
BEGINNER'S BOX-5
1. (a) No (b) No (c) No (d) Yes (e) No
2. (a) Yes (b) No (c) No
3. (a) (0, ¥) (b) [1, ¥)
4. (B,C)
5. (A,B,C)
6. (i) odd (ii) even (iii) neither even nor odd
(iv) even (v) odd (vi) even

5
7. m(m + 1)
2
8. (i) for even f(x) = – x|x| –1 < x £ 0 (ii) for odd f(x) = x|x| –1 £ x £ 0
– 2x x£–1 2x x£–1
9. Even 10. Odd 11. (B) 12. (B) 13. (C) 14. (B)
15. (A) 16. (C)
17. [(A)-Q ; (B)-Q ; (C)-R ; (D)-P,Q,S] 18. [(A)-R ; (B)-Q, S ; (C)-P ; (D)-Q, S]
BEGINNER'S BOX-6

2
1. (a) y = x - 1 (b) y = 4 - x (c) y = x2 – 2 x

y y y

(–2,0) o
(0, 1) x
(2, 0)
x
(–2,0) o
x
(–1, 0) (0, 0) (1, 0) (2, 0)

(d) y = e - x (e) y = loge x (f) y = – e–x

y y
y
Node-1\Target-2020-21\[Link](M+A)\Module\Enthusiast\English\Maths\EM-1\[Link], Relation & Function\Ex.

(0, 1)

o x
o x o x
(–1, 0) (1, 0)

2. (i) y = f(x + 1) (ii) y = f(x/2) (iii) y = f ( x )

y y y
1 1
1 2 6 x
o x o o x
–1 4 2 3
–1

94
 Set, Relation & Function

f (x) + f (x) f (x) - f (x) f (x)

(iv) y = , y= (v) y =
2 2 f (x)

y
y
1
1
2 3 x
0
0 2 3 x 0 2 3 x
–1

y y

x
–2 –1 1 2
3. f(x) = 3| x | – x – 2 2
4. f(x) = | x2 – 2 | x | – 3 | o 3
x
–3

½ y

1
5. f (x) = e- | x | - x 6.| f (x) | = (x – 1) (x – 2) x
2 – ln 2 o o 1 2
ln 2

1
–1 o x
1 ½ | x - 1| 1
7. f(x) = 2- | x | –2 2 x 8. f(x) = | x | -1 –1
o

y
Node-1\Target-2020-21\[Link](M+A)\Module\Enthusiast\English\Maths\EM-1\[Link], Relation & Function\Ex.

2
1
9. f(x) = -2 . 10. (B) 12. (i) 5, (ii) 2
x o x
–1/2 ½

BEGINNER'S BOX-7
1. (B D) 2. (BC) 3. (ABC) 4. (A D)
5. [(A)-P, R ; (B)-Q, R ; (C)-P, R ; (D)-Q, S]
6. [(A)-P, S ; (B)-Q,S ; (C)-P, S ; (D)-P, R]
7. (1) 8. (3) 9. (2) 10. (2)

95