An environmental study tracks the water usage of a small town over a week.
The following table
shows the daily usage in thousands of liters.
1. What is the mean daily water usage for this week in the nearest whole liters?
1 point
A. 55
B. 75
C. 56
D. 57
A biologist examines a sample of 500 cells. The data shows that 425 cells are in interphase,
while the remaining cells are in various stages of mitosis (cell division).
2. Based on this data, what is the probability that a randomly selected cell is undergoing cell
division?
1 point
A. 10%
B. 15%
C. 75%
D. 85%
Two groups of scientists are debating the use of nuclear energy. Group A supports it because it
produces low carbon emissions. Group B opposes it because of the risks associated with
radioactive waste disposal.
3. How can both conclusions be considered scientifically valid?
1 point
A. The two groups are likely working for competing energy companies.
B. The scientists are focusing on different specific impacts of the same energy source.
C. Nuclear energy is a subjective topic that cannot be studied with the scientific method.
D. One group must be using incorrect data to support their claim.
In a certain plant species, the allele for red flowers (R) is dominant over the allele for white
flowers (r).
4. If a homozygous dominant plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant, what is the
probability that the offspring will have red flowers?
*
1 point
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100%
Peat is often debated as a fuel source. It takes thousands of years to form as organic matter
decomposes in wetlands.
5. If a resource is considered 'renewable' only if it can replenish within a human lifetime, which
statement is true about peat?
1 point
A. Peat is a renewable resource because it is made of plants.
B. Peat is a non-renewable resource because its formation takes much longer than a human
lifetime.
C. Peat can be considered renewable if we only use a small amount.
D. Peat is a biofuel and therefore renewable.
A scientist studies how different types of soil affect the growth height of bean plants. She uses
the same amount of water, the same light exposure, and the same bean for all groups.
6. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
1 point
A. The growth height of the plants
B. The light exposure
C. The type of soil
D. The amount of water used
Scientists observed that certain bacteria can survive in volcanic vents at extremely high
temperatures. They hypothesize that these bacteria have enzymes that do not denature (break
down) at high heat.
7. What would be the best way to test this hypothesis?
1 point
A. Count how many bacteria are present in the volcanic vent.
B. Measure the activity of the bacterial enzymes at various increasing temperatures.
C. Observe the bacteria under a microscope at room temperature.
D. Compare the enzyme structure of these bacteria to bacteria found in cold water.
A chemist wants to see how different concentrations of salt affect the boiling point of water. She
takes four identical beakers, fills each with 500mL of water, and adds a different amount of salt
to each (0g, 10g, 20g, and 30g). She then heats them on the same stove and records the
temperature at which each begins to boil.
8. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
1 point
A. The volume of water.
B. The temperature at which the water boils.
C. The amount of salt added to the water.
D. The type of stove used for heating.
9. Which species shows the most fluctuation over the years? *
1 point
A. Bears
B. Dolphins
C. Whales
D. All show equal fluctuation.
A student tests how long two phone models last.
Phone X is used for gaming until it shuts off.
Phone Y is used for texting until it shuts off.
Phone X lasts 4 hours, while Phone Y lasts 10 hours.
The student concludes that Phone Y has a longer battery life.
10. What is the most critical flaw in this experiment?
1 point
A. The phones are different models.
B. The activities performed on each phone are different.
C. The total time measured is different.
D. The phones were used until shutdown.
An environmental study tracks the water usage of a small town over a week. The following table
shows the daily usage in thousands of liters.
1. What is the mean daily water usage for this week in the nearest whole liters?
1 point
A. 55
B. 75
C. 56
D. 57
A biologist examines a sample of 500 cells. The data shows that 425 cells are in interphase,
while the remaining cells are in various stages of mitosis (cell division).
2. Based on this data, what is the probability that a randomly selected cell is undergoing cell
division?
1 point
A. 10%
B. 15%
C. 75%
D. 85%
Two groups of scientists are debating the use of nuclear energy. Group A supports it because it
produces low carbon emissions. Group B opposes it because of the risks associated with
radioactive waste disposal.
3. How can both conclusions be considered scientifically valid?
1 point
A. The two groups are likely working for competing energy companies.
B. The scientists are focusing on different specific impacts of the same energy source.
C. Nuclear energy is a subjective topic that cannot be studied with the scientific method.
D. One group must be using incorrect data to support their claim.
In a certain plant species, the allele for red flowers (R) is dominant over the allele for white
flowers (r).
4. If a homozygous dominant plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant, what is the
probability that the offspring will have red flowers?
*
1 point
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100%
Peat is often debated as a fuel source. It takes thousands of years to form as organic matter
decomposes in wetlands.
5. If a resource is considered 'renewable' only if it can replenish within a human lifetime, which
statement is true about peat?
1 point
A. Peat is a renewable resource because it is made of plants.
B. Peat is a non-renewable resource because its formation takes much longer than a human
lifetime.
C. Peat can be considered renewable if we only use a small amount.
D. Peat is a biofuel and therefore renewable.
A scientist studies how different types of soil affect the growth height of bean plants. She uses
the same amount of water, the same light exposure, and the same bean for all groups.
6. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
1 point
A. The growth height of the plants
B. The light exposure
C. The type of soil
D. The amount of water used
Scientists observed that certain bacteria can survive in volcanic vents at extremely high
temperatures. They hypothesize that these bacteria have enzymes that do not denature (break
down) at high heat.
7. What would be the best way to test this hypothesis?
1 point
A. Count how many bacteria are present in the volcanic vent.
B. Measure the activity of the bacterial enzymes at various increasing temperatures.
C. Observe the bacteria under a microscope at room temperature.
D. Compare the enzyme structure of these bacteria to bacteria found in cold water.
A chemist wants to see how different concentrations of salt affect the boiling point of water. She
takes four identical beakers, fills each with 500mL of water, and adds a different amount of salt
to each (0g, 10g, 20g, and 30g). She then heats them on the same stove and records the
temperature at which each begins to boil.
8. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
1 point
A. The volume of water.
B. The temperature at which the water boils.
C. The amount of salt added to the water.
D. The type of stove used for heating.
9. Which species shows the most fluctuation over the years? *
1 point
A. Bears
B. Dolphins
C. Whales
D. All show equal fluctuation.
A student tests how long two phone models last.
Phone X is used for gaming until it shuts off.
Phone Y is used for texting until it shuts off.
Phone X lasts 4 hours, while Phone Y lasts 10 hours.
The student concludes that Phone Y has a longer battery life.
10. What is the most critical flaw in this experiment?
1 point
A. The phones are different models.
B. The activities performed on each phone are different.
C. The total time measured is different.
D. The phones were used until shutdown.
A scientist is testing how the temperature of water affects the rate at which a chemical heat
pack reaches its maximum temperature. In this experiment, the scientist uses three different
initial water temperatures but keeps the amount of chemical reactant and the volume of water
the same.
1. What is the independent variable in this study?
1 point
A. The rate of the chemical reaction
B. The initial temperature of the water
C. The maximum temperature reached
D. The volume of water used
A student measures the time it takes for a ball to roll down a 2-meter ramp at different angles.
Angle: 10 degrees | Time: 4.5 seconds
Angle: 20 degrees | Time: 3.2 seconds
Angle: 30 degrees | Time: 2.1 seconds
2. Based on this data, what is the relationship between the ramp angle and the ball's
acceleration?
1 point
A. As the angle increases, the acceleration decreases.
B. As the angle increases, the acceleration increases.
C. The acceleration remains constant regardless of the angle.
D. The angle of the ramp has no effect on acceleration.
A researcher is studying the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) into water (H₂O) and
oxygen gas (O₂). The reaction normally occurs very slowly at room temperature. To speed it up,
the researcher adds manganese dioxide (MnO₂), which acts as a catalyst. After the reaction is
complete, the researcher filters out the MnO₂and finds that its mass has not changed.
3. Based on the researcher’s observation that the mass of MnO₂ remained constant, what is the
primary role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
1 point
A. To act as a reactant that is consumed to form the final product.
B. To increase the rate of the reaction without being permanently altered.
C. To provide the extra oxygen needed to create the O_{2} gas.
D. To raise the temperature of the solution to force the reaction to occur.
Scientists are studying tidal power as an alternative energy source for generating electricity
because it uses a natural process and does not release greenhouse gases. However, other
scientists argue that tidal power plants negatively impact ecosystems by restricting fish
migration and causing silt buildup in waterways.
4. Both groups use valid scientific reasoning to support their conclusions. How can both
conclusions be valid?
1 point
A. One group is using outdated mathematical formulas for energy calculation.
B. Scientific conclusions are based on personal opinions and cannot be objectively measured
C. The two groups are prioritizing different specific aspects of the same problem.
D. One group has not yet collected enough data to form a real conclusion.
(1) A manufacturing company tested two types of electric heating systems used in small
industrial rooms. System X uses a metal coil that heats up when electricity passes through it,
transferring heat directly to the surrounding air. System Y uses an electric-powered heat pump,
which transfers heat from outside air into the room rather than generating heat directly.
(2) To compare efficiency, both systems were installed in identical rooms. Each system was run
for 5 hours under the same external temperature conditions (12°C). The company measured the
total electrical energy used and the final indoor temperature. System X used 15 kWh of energy
and raised the room temperature to 24°C. System Y used only 9 kWh but raised the
temperature to 22°C.
(3) Some engineers argued that System X is better because it produces a higher final
temperature. Others claimed System Y is more efficient because it achieves nearly the same
result while using significantly less energy. However, one analyst noted that System Y’s
performance may decrease in colder environments because it depends on extracting heat from
the outside air.
5. Which change would best strengthen the conclusions of the experiment?
1 point
A. Testing the systems in multiple outdoor temperatures
B. Using different room sizes
C. Running only one system at a time
D. Measuring temperature only at the beginning
(1) In a hydrogen-powered system, hydrogen gas (H₂) reacts with oxygen gas (O₂) to produce
water (H₂O). This reaction releases energy and is commonly used in fuel cells.
(2) The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
(3) In one test, engineers supply 3 moles of hydrogen gas and 2 moles of oxygen gas. After the
reaction is complete, they observe that some oxygen remains unreacted.
(4) Engineers must determine which substance limited the reaction and whether the reactants
were supplied in the correct proportion for maximum efficiency.
6. Which conclusion is best supported by the observation that oxygen remained after the
reaction?
*
1 point
A. Oxygen was the limiting reactant.
B. Hydrogen was the limiting reactant.
C. Both reactants were used equally.
D. No reaction occurred.
(1) Modern vehicles include several safety features designed to reduce injuries during collisions.
One of the most important of these features is the airbag. Airbags are designed to inflate within
a fraction of a second after a crash begins. Sensors inside the vehicle detect sudden changes in
motion and trigger a chemical reaction that rapidly fills the airbag with gas.
(2) During a collision, a moving passenger continues traveling forward because of inertia, the
tendency of an object to resist changes in motion. Without a seatbelt or airbag, the passenger
may strike hard surfaces inside the vehicle, such as the steering wheel or dashboard.
(3) Airbags help reduce injuries by increasing the amount of time over which the passenger
slows down. According to the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, increasing the
stopping time reduces the force acting on the passenger. The airbag also spreads the force over
a larger area of the body instead of concentrating it on one small region.
(4) Airbags are most effective when used together with seatbelts. Seatbelts help keep
passengers in the correct position during a crash, while airbags provide cushioning that reduces
the impact force. Without a seatbelt, a passenger may move too far forward before the airbag
fully inflates.
(5) Although airbags reduce the risk of serious injury, they can sometimes cause minor injuries
such as bruises or burns because they inflate so quickly. Engineers continue improving airbag
systems to make them safer and more effective for passengers of different sizes and ages.
7. According to paragraph 4, why are seatbelts important even when airbags are present?
1 point
A. Seatbelts prevent airbags from deploying.
B. Seatbelts reduce fuel consumption during travel.
C. Seatbelts help keep passengers in the proper position during a crash.
D. Seatbelts decrease the speed of the vehicle before impact.
A transportation safety team is studying how momentum affects car crashes. Momentum is a
measure of how difficult it is to stop a moving object. The team uses the formula:
p = mv
where
p = momentum (kg.m/s)
m = mass (kg)
v = velocity (m/s).
The team also notes that in collisions, total momentum before a crash is equal to total
momentum after the crash (if no external forces act).
In one test, Car A has a mass of 1000 kg and is moving at 20 m/s. Car B is stationary.
8. After the collision, Car A slows down to 5 m/s. What is its new momentum?
1 point
A. 5,000 kg·m/s
B. 10,000 kg·m/s
C. 20,000 kg·m/s
D. 2,500 kg·m/s
Chlorine has two naturally occurring isotopes.
Isotope A has a mass of 35.0 amu and an abundance of 75%
Isotope B has a mass of 37.0 amu and an abundance of 25%
9. What is the average atomic mass of chlorine?
1 point
A. 35.0 amu
B. 35.5 amu
C. 36.0 amu
D. 36.5 amu
A student investigates energy changes in chemical reactions using a simple calorimetry setup.
The student observes temperature changes when different substances dissolve in water or react
with acids.
The student notes two types of reactions:
Endothermic reactions absorb heat from the surroundings, causing the temperature to
decrease.
Exothermic reactions release heat to the surroundings, causing the temperature to increase.
In one experiment, the student mixes a chemical into water and records a temperature change
from 25°C to 18°C.
10. What type of reaction is occurring in the experiment?
1 point
A. Exothermic, because heat is released.
B. Endothermic, because heat is absorbed.
C. Exothermic, because temperature increases.
D. Neutral, because no heat change occurs.