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Module 2 Pneumatics

The document discusses essential components of pneumatic systems, specifically the Filter, Regulator, and Lubricator (FRL) unit, and Direction Control Valves (DCV) used for air diversion. It covers various types of DCVs, actuation methods, and classifications of pneumatic actuators, including single and double acting cylinders. Additionally, it addresses special valves like shuttle and quick exhaust valves, as well as flow control and speed control mechanisms.

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prakash da
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5 views22 pages

Module 2 Pneumatics

The document discusses essential components of pneumatic systems, specifically the Filter, Regulator, and Lubricator (FRL) unit, and Direction Control Valves (DCV) used for air diversion. It covers various types of DCVs, actuation methods, and classifications of pneumatic actuators, including single and double acting cylinders. Additionally, it addresses special valves like shuttle and quick exhaust valves, as well as flow control and speed control mechanisms.

Uploaded by

prakash da
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Filter, Regulator and Lubricator (FRL) Unit

Since the 3 components, filter, regulator and lubricator are


essential components of a pneumatic system, the present trend
is to combine all the 3 components into one unit called as
FRL unit.

1
Direction Control Valve (DCV)
They are used in pneumatics for diverting the compressed air to
various parts of the systems.

Most commonly used DCV’s are of spool type.

DCV’s are symbolically represented by a number of rectangles.

P = compressor line port


R = exhaust port
A = Working port
X, Y = control ports

Classification of DCV’s:
2 way (port) 2 position – 2/2
3 way (port) 2 position – 3/2
4 way (port) 3 position – 4/3
5 way (port) 2 position – 5/2 2
DCV 2/2 Way Valve

3
DCV 3 Way 2 position 3/2 Valve

4
DCV 3/3 Way Valve

5
Actuation Means for DCV

Actuation means changing the


switching position.

Commonly used methods are:


Push button, lever, solenoid,
pilot, and cam operated
actuation.

6
Pneumatic Actuators
Classification:
a. Linear actuator
b. Rotary actuator

In syllabus
Linear actuator classification:
a. Single acting cylinder
b. Double acting cylinder

Not In syllabus
Rotary actuator
a. Vane motor
b. Piston motor
c. Turbine motor
7
Pneumatic Actuators

Single Acting Cylinders

8
Control of Single Acting Cylinder

9
Control of Double Acting Cylinder

10
Shuttle Valve

Shuttle valve is special kind of


DCV

11
Quick Exhaust Valve
This are special type of valve which can control the piston speed in the return
direction.
When air returns from actuator, the flap closes the pressure line and opens to
the exhaust.
So the air moves out through exhaust directly without going through DCV.

Forward motion Return motion 12


Flow Control Valves

Fixed Throttle Valve


Flow control valve consists of a
throttling device in which
orifice is used whose area of
opening can be varied and
controlled.

13
Flow Control Valves
Variable Throttle Valve

14
Flow Control Valves

Variable Throttle Valve

15
Flow is allowed only in Check Valve
ONE direction

Retraction stroke is allowed


Extension stroke is blocked 16
Speed Control
Speed control using flow
control valve

Symbolic High speed extension Slow speed extension


representation (valve opened 100%) (valve opened 10%) 17
Speed control of double Acting Cylinder

18
Pilot control of double Acting Cylinder

Symbolic representation Symbolic representation


(as per text book) (using software) 19
Sequence: A+ B+ A- B-
Sequencing Circuit
A+ = Extension stroke of cylinder A
B+ = Extension stroke of cylinder B
A- = Retraction stroke of cylinder A
B- = Retraction stroke of cylinder B

Symbolic representation
(using software) 20
Sequence: B+ A+ A- B- Cascade Method

21
Symbolic representation (using software)
Sequence: A+ B+ B- A- Cascade Method

22
Symbolic representation (using software)

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