Project Report

CEC 557

Geometric Design

Department of Civil Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology

Roorkee, Uttarakhand

Submitted by
• Arnab Arya (22324004)
• Saksham Gupta (22113127)
• Yuvraj Sharma (22113174)
• Rihan Ansari (22113120)
• Priyanshu Kumar (22113111)
• Anshul Tatwade (22113024)
 Problem Statement
Select a road section between two intersections within IIT Campus. The roadway width shall be
7.5 m or more. The distance between intersections shall preferably be more than 500 m. In
case the distance between intersections is less than 500 m then the section shall be extended
up to next intersection. Following need to be included:

1. Google map of the selected road section(s). Provide identification as:

a) Latitude and Longitude of the end points of the section(s)
b) Name of the road, connecting roads and intersection
c) Sketch the section showing length and width of the section along with intersection
at ends that you have selected.
2. Decide the speed for which your sections should be designed. Examine the intersection
for safe stopping sight distance. Suggest remedial measures, if so required. Give a
sketch showing sight
triangle and required improvements.
3. Identify the road users of your section. Examine the cross-section of the selected road
section and draw the existing cross-section. Suggest the changes required in the cross-
section. Draw the modified cross-section.
4. Examine whether the appropriate road signs and pavement markings are placed in
position as per the IRC guidelines. List the road signs and markings which are provided
as well as those which are missing. Provide a sketch highlighting the locations where
road signs or pavement
markings should be provided. Give specification.
5. Explore the possibility of providing sidewalks and bicycle lanes on the IITR campus
roads. Provide a footpath and bicycle network plan considering the widths available on
different roads within the campus.
6. Examine junctions located on end points of the selected road section and suggest an
improvement plan, if any. If no improvement is needed, then give justification.
7. Use 15 min traffic count during peak hour and examine the capacity of the selected road
section. Provide a traffic volume sheet showing segregated traffic data. Consider LOS
‘C’ while
identifying needs of any improvement.
8. Provide a parking solution for a department in the campus. Examine the available
parking supply by vehicle type, and the parking demand. Provide various parking
characteristics. Formulate an improvement plan to satisfy the demand. Give a sketch
showing the provision.
1) Google map of the selected road sections. Provide identification as:

a) Latitude and Longitude of the sections

b) Name of the road, connecting roads and intersection

c) Sketch the section showing length and width of the section/intersection that you
have selected.

SECTION-2

a) Latitude and Longitude:

29.868407870650287, 77.89586253874788 - starting point

29° 52' 6.2688'' N, 77° 53' 45.114'' E

29.868257990750113, 77.89970661079572 – ending point

 29° 52' 5.7288'' N, 77° 53' 58.9452'' E

b) Name of the road: Saraswati Mandir Road

Connecting roads: Hydrology Road, MAC road, Main Building Road, Neh Road

Intersections:

The starting point is a T-junction formed by the study section and hydrology road.

The second intersection is a cross-intersection formed by the study section, MAC road,
and the road to the Main building.

The third intersection is in front of the ground entry.

The ending intersection is a major intersection formed by the Saraswati Mandir Road
and Neh Road.

There are many access points in the section to many residential buildings in the same level
using block pavements. Access to the temple, ground, footpath, Main Building Road are given
using ramps.

2) Examine the intersection for safe stopping sight distance available with respect to the
guidelines. Suggest remedial measures if any. Give a sketch showing required
improvements.

Total perception-reaction time (t) = 2.5 seconds

No gradient is present

Design speed of vehicle (V) = 30kmph

For V=30kmph, Longitudinal friction (f) =0.37

𝑣2
𝑆𝑆𝐷 = 𝑣𝑡 + ; v in m/s
2𝑔𝑓

𝑉2
𝑆𝑆𝐷 = 0.278𝑉 ∗ 𝑡 + 254𝑓 ; V in km/h

302
𝑆𝑆𝐷 = 0.278 ∗ 30 ∗ 2.5 + 254∗0.37 = 30.156 m

Stopping Sight Distance, SSD = 31 m

The second intersection is a T-junction formed by the Green Gala Café. . So T junction is 103m
ahead from starting point

3) Examine the cross-section of the selected road section and suggest the changes
required. Consider the cross-section elements studied.

FP
S CW S

2m 2m 1m 7m 1m 3m 0.5 m 1m

S – shoulder, CW - carriageway

Right to that on the level a 2 m buffer zone is present where there is some seating
arrangements provided, trees, wastebins etc. after that there is the two-lane carriageway of 7 m
with 1 m shoulder on either side . After that there is small drainage for runoff water of about 50
cm width.

The carriageway width of 7 m is suitable for a two-lane road, as per IRC guidelines. The
shoulders are only 1.5m wide on either side which is less than required. IRC recommends a
minimum paved shoulder width of 1.5 m to 2.5 m for rural roads and 2.5 m for urban roads. So,
shoulder width should be increased to 2 m at least (preferably 2.5 m), decreasing the width
from the buffer zone on both ends. The 50 cm drainage may be enough. But if the 1 m beside it
can be incorporated into this if possible and can be made to the level as MUZ and drainage
below so that it follows IRC 103 that minimum width of MUZ should not be less than 1.8m.
Lighting pole has been provided at the buffer space at 2.7 m from the road edge which is
enough to provide sufficient lighting to the road. They are provided at a interval of almost 20 m.

4) Examine whether the appropriate road signs and pavement markings are placed in
position as per the IRC guidelines. Provide details on the sketch and highlight the missing
signs or markings.

a) Road signs

There are no regulatory or cautionary signs on the road section. However, there is strict
need of some Mandatory (Regulatory) road signs that should have been provided, including
speed limit, side road ahead signs. According to IRC guidelines, these sign boards are to be
positioned at decision points, intersections, entry and exit points of restricted zones, and
speed-sensitive areas. Height and position vary depending on the speed of traffic and road
category.

Also, there is need of Cautionary (Warning) signs to warn drivers pedestrian crossings,
speed humps etc. For a road with a speed limit of 30 km/h, the placement of cautionary signs
should ideally be closer to the potential hazard, as drivers have more time to react at lower
speeds. According to IRC guidelines, cautionary signs for a 30 km/h speed zone should typically
be placed around 30–40 meters before the hazard or change in road conditions. This distance
allows adequate reaction time without overwhelming the driver with signs too far from the
hazard, maintaining clear and effective guidance.

Information sign boards are provided. They are generally positioned on the left side of
the road, with sufficient visibility, typically at least 1.5 - 2 meters from the pavement edge,
based on the importance and frequency of the information. The information sign boards we
have follow this guideline and are 1.5 m away from the road edge.

b) Pavement markings

Lane markings provided for this road were center line and edge line markings. As per
IRC:35 center line should be of 3m length,150 mm width and 4.5 m gap. For two-way roads, a
continuous line marks the center, while dashed lines may indicate permissible passing zones.
Our section has dashed lines with length of 3m, width of 150 mm and 3 m gap. In those 3 m gap
there is a reflector placed which is about 1.4 m from the marking end. As per IRC:35 edge line
should have both width and distance from edge 150mm. The edge marking of the road section
has followed this IRC guideline. At the junctions or other connections, the continuous edge line
is replaed by dashed line of 50 cm length, 150 mm width and 30 cm gap in which the reflector is
placed.
 There are about 3 zebra markings in the [Link] was at the starting rom first
rotary,second at green gala cafe and other was before end point rotary. Zebra markings were of
50 cm width and 3 m length. The gap between the markings were of 50 cm. No directional
arrows or text were marking on the section. There was also a chevron marking at the end
[Link] is also as per the guideline. Spacing between the chevrons were uniform. IRC
recommends the spacing and length vary based on speed; higher speed zones have longer
chevrons with greater spacing. Since the junction is a loe speed zone, chevrons have smaller
spacing. They are marked at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the road centerline. Chevron
markings are 20 cm wide and it extended for 4 m. There was also a hump marking infront of
saraswathi mandir. But there was no sign board showing hump. It was marked in white strips
which are of 15 cm width and spacing of 20 cm. As per IRC guidelines it should be 25 cm.

There is a major drawback in the section infront of Ravindra bhawan is the sudden
change in the unformity of road. The edge line is not drawn straight because of the a tree in
shoulder . This can cause accidents if it is not come to the attention of the drivers. There we can
provide any cautionary sign board.

5) Explore the possibility of providing sidewalks and bicycle lanes on the IITR campus
roads. Provide a footpath and bicycle network plan considering the widths available on
different roads within the campus.

As per IRC:103–2012 (Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities), pedestrian sidewalks are

essential in institutional environments such as IIT Roorkee, where pedestrian volume is
significantly high. The following aspects must be considered during planning and design:

• Pedestrian Traffic Density and Buffer Space

Given that a large proportion of students, staff, and campus residents commute on foot,
pedestrian demand within the campus is substantial. IRC-103 recommends that pedestrian
facilities be widened in high-density zones (buffer areas) such as those near the Central Library,
Main Building, academic blocks, and student hostels.

• Recommended Width, Drainage, and Materials

According to IRC-103:

• The minimum footpath width should be 1.5 m, with 2.0–2.5 m recommended in high-
density areas such as the Lecture Hall Complex (LHC) and residential Bhawans.

• Footpaths should have a cross slope of 2–3% to ensure efficient surface drainage.

• Materials used should be durable, non-slippery, and suitable for all-weather

pedestrian movement.

• Accessibility and Street Lighting

IRC-103 and IRC-86 emphasise universal accessibility. Sidewalks must include:

• Kerb ramps, smooth gradients, and obstruction-free pathways for wheelchair users.

• Adequate street lighting to ensure nighttime visibility and safety.

• Avoidance of trees, poles, or signboards obstructing foot movement.

• Roadway Width Assessment

Most internal roads within IIT Roorkee possess a minimum right-of-way of about 10 m, and
several already include pedestrian paths. Assuming:

• Two-lane carriageway:
3.5 m per lane × 2 = 7.0 m

• Remaining width:
Total ROW (10 m) – 7 m = 3.0 m

This allows provision of:

• 2.0 m wide sidewalk,

• 1.0 m leftover for shoulder/buffer/utility space.

Thus, sidewalk provision is feasible and compliant with IRC-103 recommendations.

Possibility of Providing a Cycle Track

Based on IRC:11–2015 (Cycle Tracks) and traffic volume analysis, the cycle flow in the studied
section is approximately 140 cycles per hour per direction. The road width is limited to about
10 m, and after accommodating the required carriageway width, an exclusive cycle track
cannot be provided without compromising safety or causing congestion.

Therefore, construction of a segregated cycle track is not recommended due to right-of-way

constraints.

Recommended Alternative Measures (as per IRC-11 & IRC-103)

To enhance cyclist safety without constructing a separate track, the following measures are
suggested:

• Speed Reduction Measures:

Implement speed calming devices such as speed tables, raised crossings, and
rumble strips to reduce motorised vehicle speeds.

• Traffic Calming Techniques:

Introduce chicanes, lane narrowing, or curb extensions as per IRC-103 to lower vehicle
speeds and create a safer shared environment for cyclists.

• Cycle-Friendly Signal Control:

Provide cycle priority at intersections, such as early-start signals or dedicated cyclist
phases to reduce delays and improve safety.

• Wider Shoulders / Multi-use Carriageways:

Where ROW permits (e.g., near Library, LHC, or broader buffer zones), increase
carriageway shoulder width to accommodate mixed bicycle-motor vehicle movement.

• Shared-Use Zones:
In wider campus areas, adopt shared-use paths for both pedestrians and cyclists as
per IRC-103 guidelines.
6) Examine junctions located on end points of the selected road section and suggest an
improvement plan, if any. If no improvement is needed, then give a justification.

The end intersection has channelizing islands, which are marked in black and yellow
which is about 25 cm tall, and some grass is grown there. These are typically used to manage
traffic flow and improve safety by separating lanes or guiding vehicles around corners. IRC
guidelines recommend that such islands be marked and raised to be easily visible, which
seems to be followed here. Islands are marked with a continuous white line spacing 20 cm from
it. Also, chevrons are also provided.

It appears there are no distinct lane markings, which could be necessary to guide
vehicles smoothly. IRC recommends clear lane markings, especially in intersections. Some
directional arrows can be provided to make the flow of vehicles safer. IRC suggests using
reflective paint on medians and channelizing islands for better nighttime visibility. The yellow
and black markings appear to be visible. It will be good to use some reflectors if possible at
chevrons and the channelizing islands. Visibility at the intersection seems adequate, but any
overgrown plants around the channelizing islands might need periodic trimming for safety. At
intersections, there should be appropriate speed limits and warning signs for drivers
approaching the intersection, to inform drivers about the intersection ahead. The signs were not
provided. There are no pedestrian crossing facilities at the intersection. But they have provided
facilities before and after the intersection.

The beginning intersection is a small junction which is a T-section. The markings are all
according to IRC guidelines. A traffic calming method has been adopted at the junction by
providing barricades allowing the zig-zag movement of vehicles.
 7) Use 15 15-minute traffic counts in peak hours and examine the capacity of the selected
road section. Keep the LOS at least ‘C’ while identifying any improvement needs.

Time interval
Vehicle type 5:00-5:15 5:20-5:35 5:40-5:55 Veh/hr Composition PCU PCU/hr
Bicycle 101 85 88 365.333333 41.7682927 0.5 182.6667
Motorized two
wheelers 80 87 109 368 42.0731707 0.5 184
Motorized four
wheelers 11 10 21 56 6.40243902 1 56
Buses 2 1 0 4 0.45731707 2.2 8.8
Tractor 1 2 0 4 0.45731707 2 8
E-rikshaw 9 15 26 66.6666667 7.62195122 1 66.66667
Motorized
three wheelers 3 0 1 5.33333333 0.6097561 1 5.333333
E-bike 1 3 0 5.33333333 0.6097561 0.5 2.666667
Total 208 203 245 874.666667 514.1333

Traffic volume= 514.133 PCU/hr

Average speed of vehicles = 20 kmph

where s=0.2V+6 = 7.2m

Capacity= 1000*v/s =

Thus, there is no requirement of adding more lanes.

8) Provide a parking solution for a department in the campus. Provide demand and
measure to satisfy that demand. Give a sketch showing the provision.

We selected the Hydrology department to study the parking facilities. These are the
current parking facilities provided by the department.
 The Hydrology department has about 11 faculty members and 9 non-teaching staff
members, nearly 78 MTech students, and around 65 PhD scholars. The parking facilities are
provided in two separate sections, one is for two-wheelers and the other is for four-wheelers.
The two-wheeler parking is a section having a length of 10.5m and a width of 2.5m. The four-
wheeler’s parking section is designed by providing circulating space at the centre and either
side parking shed is provided. For four-wheelers, there are a total of 15 bays, 10 bays on the left
side and 5 bays on the right side. Each bay is about 11 ft width and 8 ft length.

We assume that faculty and some non-teaching staffs have cars, some of the students
and the PhD scholars have bicycles and others have motorbikes. Since the department is very
close to the hostel facility most of the MTech students choose walking over cycle. When we
measured the parking occupied, there were 9 cars,17 bikes and 33 bicycles.

Population using parking:

• Faculty: 11

• Staff: 9

• MTech: 78

• PhD: 65

Observed during survey:

• Cars: 9

• Bikes: 17

• Cycles: 33

Provided:

• Two-wheeler zone: 10.5 m × 2.5 m

• Four-wheeler zone:

o 10 bays left

o 5 bays right
o Each bay: 11 ft × 8 ft

o Central circulation lane