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The document provides a comprehensive guide on using NumPy and pandas in Python, covering various operations such as creating one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, checking dimensions and types, performing mathematical operations, and handling data frames. It includes code snippets and their outputs for tasks like array creation, reshaping, mathematical functions, and data manipulation. Additionally, it demonstrates how to read and write CSV files and handle missing values in data frames.

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shiivv147
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2 views39 pages

ML File

The document provides a comprehensive guide on using NumPy and pandas in Python, covering various operations such as creating one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, checking dimensions and types, performing mathematical operations, and handling data frames. It includes code snippets and their outputs for tasks like array creation, reshaping, mathematical functions, and data manipulation. Additionally, it demonstrates how to read and write CSV files and handle missing values in data frames.

Uploaded by

shiivv147
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1 . How to create a one-dimensional NumPy array?

import numpy as np
arr = [Link]([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print("1D NumPy Array: ",arr)

Output:

1D NumPy Array: [1 2 3 4 5]

2 . How to create a two-dimensional NumPy array?


import numpy as np
arr2d = [Link]([[2, 3, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
print("2D NumPy Array:\n",arr2d)

Output:

2D NumPy Array:
[[2 3 6]
[7 8 9]]

3 . How to check the dimension of a NumPy ndarray?


import numpy as np
arr = [Link]([[5, 6, 7], [8, 9, 10]])
print("Number of dimensions:",[Link])

Output:

Number of dimensions: 2

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
4 . How to check the type of an ndarray?
import numpy as np
arr = [Link]([1, 2, 3])
print([Link])

Output:

int64

5 . How to check the size of a NumPy array?


import numpy as np
arr = [Link]([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 21])
print("Size of array:",[Link])

Output:

Size of array: 10

6 . How to check the shape of and array?


import numpy as np
arr = [Link]([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
print("Shape of array:",[Link])

Output:

Shape of array: (2, 3)

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
7 . How to check the data type of a NumPy ndarray?
import numpy as np
arr = [Link]([1, 2, 3])
print("Data type of elements:",[Link])

Output:

Data type of elements: int64

8 . How to create matrices using NumPy functions?


import numpy as np
identity_matrix = [Link](3)
ones_matrix = [Link]((3, 3))
zeros_matrix = [Link]((3, 3))
print("IdentityMatrix:\n",identity_matrix)
print("\nOnes Matrix:\n",ones_matrix)
print("\nZeroesMatrix:\n",zeros_matrix)

Output:

IdentityMatrix:
[[1. 0. 0.]
[0. 1. 0.]
[0. 0. 1.]]

Ones Matrix:
[[1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1.]]

ZeroesMatrix:
[[0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0.]]

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
9 . How to create a NumPy 1D array using arange()
function?
import numpy as np
arr = [Link](13)
print("Array using arange():",arr)

Output:

Array using arange(): [ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12]

10 . How to create NumPy 1D array using linspace()


function?
import numpy as np
arr = [Link](0, 1, 5)
print("Array using linspace():",arr)

Output:

Array using linspace(): [0. 0.25 0.5 0.75 1. ]

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
11 . How to convert a 1D array to a multidimensional array
using reshape()?
import numpy as np
arr = [Link]([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
arr_reshaped = [Link](2, 3)
print("Reshaped Array:\n",arr_reshaped)

Output:

Reshaped Array:
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]

12 . How to convert a multidimensional array into a one


dimensional array?
import numpy as np
arr = [Link]([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
arr_flattened = [Link]()
print("Flattened Array:",arr_flattened)

Output:

Flattened Array: [1 2 3 4 5 6]

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
13 . Create two arrays using [Link]() and reshape
them into 2D using [Link]() functions.
import numpy as np
arr1 = [Link](6).reshape(2, 3)
arr2 = [Link](6, 12).reshape(2, 3)
print("Array 1:\n",arr1)
print("Array 2:\n",arr2)

Output:

Array 1:
[[0 1 2]
[3 4 5]]
Array 2:
[[ 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11]]

14 . Write a program to add two NumPy arrays.


import numpy as np
arr1 = [Link]([1, 2, 3])
arr2 = [Link]([4, 5, 6])
newarr = arr1 + arr2
print(newarr)

Output:

[5 7 9]

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
15 . Write a program to subtract two NumPy arrays.
import numpy as np
arr1 = [Link]([1, 2, 3])
arr2 = [Link]([4, 5, 6])
newarr = arr1 - arr2
print(newarr)

Output:

[-3 -3 -3]

16 . Write a program to divide two NumPy arrays.


import numpy as np
arr1 = [Link]([1, 2, 3])
arr2 = [Link]([4, 5, 6])
newarr = arr1 / arr2
print(newarr)

Output:

[0.25 0.4 0.5 ]

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
17 . Write a program to multiply two NumPy arrays
(element – wise).
import numpy as np
arr1 = [Link]([1, 2, 3])
arr2 = [Link]([4, 5, 6])
newarr = arr1 * arr2
print(newarr)

Output:

[ 4 10 18]

18 . Write a program for Matrix Product of two NumPy


arrays(matrix multiplication).
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
b = [Link]([[5, 6], [7, 8]])
c = [Link](a, b)
print(c)

Output:

[[19 22]
[43 50]]

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
19 . Write a program using NumPy mathematical built-in
functions.
import numpy as np

a = [Link]([1, 4, 9, 16])

print([Link](a))
print([Link](a))
print([Link](a))
print([Link](a))
print([Link](a))

Output:

[1. 2. 3. 4.]
[2.71828183e+00 5.45981500e+01 8.10308393e+03
8.88611052e+06]
[0. 1.38629436 2.19722458 2.77258872]
[ 0.84147098 -0.7568025 0.41211849 -0.28790332]
[ 0.54030231 -0.65364362 -0.91113026 -0.95765948]

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
20 . Write a program using NumPy trigonometric
functions.
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([0, [Link]/6, [Link]/4, [Link]/2])
print([Link](a))
print([Link](a))
print([Link](a))
print([Link]([Link](a)))
print([Link]([Link](a)))
print([Link]([Link](a)))

Output:

[0. 0.5 0.70710678 1. ]


[1.00000000e+00 8.66025404e-01 7.07106781e-01 6.12323400e-17]
[0.00000000e+00 5.77350269e-01 1.00000000e+00
1.63312394e+16]
[0. 0.52359878 0.78539816 1.57079633]
[0. 0.52359878 0.78539816 1.57079633]
[0. 0.52359878 0.78539816 1.57079633]

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
21 . Write a program to show graphical representation of
the trigonometric sine function.
import numpy as np
import [Link] as plt

x = [Link](0, 2*[Link], 100)


y = [Link](x)

[Link](x, y)
[Link]("x")
[Link]("sin(x)")
[Link]("Sine Function")
[Link]()

Output:

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
22 . Write a program to show graphical representation of
the trigonometric cosine function.
import numpy as np
import [Link] as plt
x = [Link](0, 2*[Link], 100)
y = [Link](x)
[Link](x, y)
[Link]("x")
[Link]("cos(x)")
[Link]("Cosine Function")
[Link]()

Output:

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
23 . Write a program to show graphical representation of
the trigonometric tangent function.
import numpy as np
import [Link] as plt
x = [Link](-2*[Link], 2*[Link], 1000)
y = [Link](x)
[Link](x, y)
[Link]("x")
[Link]("tan(x)")
[Link]("Tangent Function")
[Link](-10, 10)
[Link]()

Output:

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
24 . Write a program using the random module and its
different functions.
import numpy as np

print([Link]())
print([Link](1, 10))
print([Link](3))
print([Link]([10, 20, 30, 40]))
print([Link]([Link]([1, 2, 3, 4])))

Output:

0.4039462449776142
4
[-0.49191662 1.65547917 0.42687982]
40
None

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
25 . Write a program to show different NumPy string
operations.
import numpy as np
a = [Link](['hello', 'world'])
print([Link](a))
print([Link](a))
print([Link](a))
print([Link](a))
print([Link](a))
print([Link]('-', a))

Output:

['HELLO' 'WORLD']
['hello' 'world']
['Hello' 'World']
['Hello' 'World']
[list(['hello']) list(['world'])]
['h-e-l-l-o' 'w-o-r-l-d']

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
26 . Write a program to show different methods of
creating a series.
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
s1 = [Link]([1, 2, 3, 4])
s2 = [Link]([Link]([5, 6, 7, 8]))
s3 = [Link]({'a': 10, 'b': 20, 'c': 30})
s4 = [Link](100, index=[0, 1, 2, 3])
print(s1)
print(s2)
print(s3)
print(s4)

Output:

0 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
dtype: int64
0 5
1 6
2 7
3 8
dtype: int64
a 10
b 20
c 30
dtype: int64
0 100
1 100
2 100
3 100
dtype: int64

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
27 . Write a program to create different data frames with
different ways.
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

df1 = [Link]({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})


df2 = [Link]([Link]([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]), columns=['A', 'B'])
df3 = [Link]([{'A': 1, 'B': 2}, {'A': 3, 'B': 4}])
df4 = [Link](list(zip([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])), columns=['A', 'B'])

print(df1)
print(df2)
print(df3)
print(df4)

Output:

A B
0 1 4
1 2 5
2 3 6
A B
0 1 2
1 3 4
2 5 6
A B
0 1 2
1 3 4
A B
0 1 4
1 2 5
2 3 6

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
28 . How to Read or Import CSV file in Python IDLE?
import csv

with open('[Link]', 'r') as file:


reader = [Link](file)
for row in reader:
print(row)

Output:

['', 'Name', 'Marks', 'City']


['0', 'Harry', '34', 'Rampur']
['1', 'Rohan', '56', 'Kolkata']
['2', 'Skillf', '24', 'Barely']
['3', 'Scent', '98', 'Antarctica']

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
29 . How to write CSV file in Python?
import csv

data = [
['Name', 'Age', 'City'],
['Steven', 25, 'Delhi'],
['Noah', 30, 'Mumbai']
]

with open('[Link]', 'w', newline='') as file:


writer = [Link](file)
[Link](data)

Output:

Name,Age,City
Steven,25,Delhi
Noah,30,Mumbai

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
30 . Write a program to handle missing values in Python.
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
data = [Link]({
'A': [1, 2, [Link], 4],
'B': [5, [Link], 7, 8],
'C': [[Link], 10, 11, 12]
})
print([Link]())
print([Link]())
print([Link](0))
print([Link]([Link](numeric_only=True)))

Output:

A B C
0 False False True
1 False True False
2 True False False
3 False False False
A B C
3 4.0 8.0 12.0
A B C
0 1.0 5.0 0.0
1 2.0 0.0 10.0
2 0.0 7.0 11.0
3 4.0 8.0 12.0
A B C
0 1.000000 5.000000 11.0
1 2.000000 6.666667 10.0
2 2.333333 7.000000 11.0
3 4.000000 8.000000 12.0

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
31 . Write a program by using GroupBy function in Python.
import pandas as pd
data = [Link]({
'Department': ['HR', 'IT', 'HR', 'IT', 'Finance'],
'Employee': ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'],
'Salary': [30000, 50000, 35000, 60000, 40000]
})
grouped = [Link]('Department')
print([Link](numeric_only=True))
print([Link](numeric_only=True))
print([Link]())

Output:

Salary
Department
Finance 40000
HR 65000
IT 110000
Salary
Department
Finance 40000.0
HR 32500.0
IT 55000.0
Employee Salary
Department
Finance E 40000
HR C 35000
IT D 60000

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
32 . Write a program by using concate() in Python.
import pandas as pd
df1 = [Link]({'A': [1, 2], 'B': [3, 4]})
df2 = [Link]({'A': [5, 6], 'B': [7, 8]})
result = [Link]([df1, df2])
print(result)

Output:

A B
0 1 3
1 2 4
0 5 7
1 6 8

33 . Write a program by using Join() in Python?


import pandas as pd
df1 = [Link]({'A': [1, 2, 3]}, index=['a', 'b', 'c'])
df2 = [Link]({'B': [4, 5, 6]}, index=['a', 'b', 'c'])
result = [Link](df2)
print(result)

Output:

A B
a 1 4
b 2 5
c 3 6

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
34 . Write a program by using Append() in Python.
import pandas as pd
df1 = [Link]({'A': [1, 2], 'B': [3, 4]})
df2 = [Link]({'A': [5, 6], 'B': [7, 8]})
result = df1._append(df2)
print(result)

Output:

A B
0 1 3
1 2 4
0 5 7
1 6 8

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
35 . Write a program to Draw Multiple Line Plot by using
Seaborn library.
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd
import [Link] as plt

data = [Link]({
'x': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
'y1': [2, 3, 5, 7, 11],
'y2': [1, 4, 6, 8, 10]
})

[Link](data['x'], data['y1'])
[Link](data['x'], data['y2'])

[Link]("X")
[Link]("Y")
[Link]("Multiple Line Plot")

[Link]()

Output:

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
36 . Write a program to draw a matplotlib line plot with
different style and format.
import [Link] as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y1 = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
y2 = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]

[Link](x, y1, linestyle='--', marker='o')


[Link](x, y2, linestyle='-.', marker='s')

[Link]("X Axis")
[Link]("Y Axis")
[Link]("Line Plot with Different Styles")

[Link]()

Output:

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
37 . Write a program to show different types of OOPS
operation in python?
class Person:
def __init__(self, name):
[Link] = name

def display(self):
print([Link])

class Student(Person):
def __init__(self, name, marks):
super().__init__(name)
[Link] = marks

def display(self):
print([Link], [Link])

class Teacher(Person):
def __init__(self, name, subject):
super().__init__(name)
[Link] = subject

def display(self):
print([Link], [Link])
p = Person("Nathan")
s = Student("Sara", 90)
t = Teacher("Charlie", "Math")
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]()

Output:

Nathan
Sara 90
Charlie Math

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
38 . How to store different types of data in NumPy
ndarray?
import numpy as np

arr = [Link]([1, 'hello', 3.14, True], dtype=object)


print(arr)
print([Link])

Output:

[1 'hello' 3.14 True]


object

39 . How do you convert Pandas DataFrame to a NumPy


array?
import pandas as pd
df = [Link]({
'A': [1, 2, 3],
'B': [4, 5, 6]
})
arr = df.to_numpy()
print(arr)

Output:

[[1 4]
[2 5]
[3 6]]

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
40 . Write a program to show different types of operator in
python.
# Arithmetic Operators
a = 10
b=3
print("Arithmetic Operators:")
print("a + b =", a + b)
print("a - b =", a - b)
print("a * b =", a * b)
print("a / b =", a / b)
print("a % b =", a % b)
print("a ** b =", a ** b)
print("a // b =", a // b)

# Comparison Operators
print("\nComparison Operators:")
print("a == b:", a == b)
print("a != b:", a != b)
print("a > b:", a > b)
print("a < b:", a < b)

# Logical Operators
x = True
y = False
print("\nLogical Operators:")
print("x and y:", x and y)
print("x or y:", x or y)
print("not x:", not x)

# Assignment Operators
c=5
print("\nAssignment Operators:")
c += 2
print("c += 2:", c)
c -= 1
print("c -= 1:", c)
c *= 3
print("c *= 3:", c)

Output:

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
Arithmetic Operators:
a + b = 13
a-b=7
a * b = 30
a / b = 3.3333333333333335
a%b=1
a ** b = 1000
a // b = 3

Comparison Operators:
a == b: False
a != b: True
a > b: True
a < b: False

Logical Operators:
x and y: False
x or y: True
not x: False

Assignment Operators:
c += 2: 7
c -= 1: 6
c *= 3: 18

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
41 . Write a program to show different types of control
structure in python.
# Selection Control Structure (if, if-else, if-elif-else)
num = 10

print("Selection Statements:")
if num > 0:
print("Number is positive")

if num % 2 == 0:
print("Even number")
else:
print("Odd number")

# Iteration Control Structure (loops)


print("\nIteration Statements:")

print("For loop:")
for i in range(1, 6):
print(i, end=" ")

print("\nWhile loop:")
i=1
while i <= 5:
print(i, end=" ")
i += 1

# Jump Control Structure (break, continue, pass)


print("\n\nJump Statements:")

print("Break example:")
for i in range(1, 6):
if i == 3:
break
print(i, end=" ")

print("\nContinue example:")
for i in range(1, 6):
if i == 3:
continue
print(i, end=" ")

print("\nPass example:")
for i in range(1, 4):
if i == 2:
pass

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
print(i, end=" ")

Output:

Selection Statements:
Number is positive
Even number

Iteration Statements:
For loop:
12345
While loop:
12345

Jump Statements:
Break example:
12
Continue example:
1245
Pass example:
123

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
42 . Write a program to show different types of string
manipulation in python.
text = "Hello World"
print("Original String:", text)

# 1. Changing case
print("\nCase Conversion:")
print("Uppercase:", [Link]())
print("Lowercase:", [Link]())

# 2. String concatenation
str1 = "Hello"
str2 = "Python"
print("\nConcatenation:")
print(str1 + " " + str2)

# 3. String repetition
print("\nRepetition:")
print(str1 * 3)

# 4. Indexing and slicing


print("\nIndexing and Slicing:")
print("Substring (0:5):", text[0:5])

# 5. String length
print("\nLength of string:")
print(len(text))

# 6. Searching in string
print("\nSearching:")
print("Find 'World':", [Link]("World"))
print("Count of 'l':", [Link]("l"))

Output:

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
Original String: Hello World

Case Conversion:
Uppercase: HELLO WORLD
Lowercase: hello world

Concatenation:
Hello Python

Repetition:
HelloHelloHello

Indexing and Slicing:


Substring (0:5): Hello

Length of string:
11

Searching:
Find 'World': 6
Count of 'l': 3

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
43 . Implementation of simple regression model for real
life problem.
import numpy as np
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
import [Link] as plt

area = [Link]([500, 700, 900, 1100, 1300]).reshape(-1, 1)


price = [Link]([100, 150, 200, 250, 300])

model = LinearRegression()
[Link](area, price)

predicted_price = [Link](area)

[Link](area, price)
[Link](area, predicted_price)

[Link]("Area")
[Link]("Price")
[Link]("Linear Regression Model")

[Link]()
new_area = [Link]([[1000]])
print([Link](new_area))

Output:

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
44 . Implementation of logistic regression model for real
life problem.
import numpy as np
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
import [Link] as plt
hours = [Link]([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]).reshape(-1, 1)
result = [Link]([0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1])

model = LogisticRegression()
[Link](hours, result)

predicted = [Link](hours)

[Link](hours, result)
[Link](hours, model.predict_proba(hours)[:,1])

[Link]("Study Hours")
[Link]("Probability of Passing")
[Link]("Logistic Regression Model")

[Link]()

new_hours = [Link]([[3.5]])
print([Link](new_hours))

Output:

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
45 . Develop a model for K-means algorithm.
import numpy as np
from [Link] import KMeans
import [Link] as plt

data = [Link]([
[15, 39], [16, 81], [17, 6], [18, 77], [19, 40],
[20, 76], [21, 6], [22, 94], [23, 3], [24, 72]
])

kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=3)
[Link](data)

labels = kmeans.labels_
centers = kmeans.cluster_centers_

[Link](data[:, 0], data[:, 1], c=labels)


[Link](centers[:, 0], centers[:, 1], marker='X')

[Link]("Income")
[Link]("Spending Score")
[Link]("K-Means Clustering")

[Link]()

Output:

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
46 . Develop a model for K-nearest algorithm.
import numpy as np
from [Link] import KNeighborsClassifier
import [Link] as plt

data = [Link]([
[22, 20000], [25, 25000], [47, 50000], [52, 60000],
[46, 55000], [56, 65000], [28, 30000], [30, 35000]
])

labels = [Link]([0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0])

model = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=3)
[Link](data, labels)

predicted = [Link](data)

[Link](data[:, 0], data[:, 1], c=labels)

[Link]("Age")
[Link]("Salary")
[Link]("KNN Classification")

[Link]()

new_person = [Link]([[40, 40000]])


print([Link](new_person))

Output:

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
47 . Study and plotting of confusion matrix.
import numpy as np
import [Link] as plt
import seaborn as sns
from [Link] import confusion_matrix

y_true = [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0]
y_pred = [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]

cm = confusion_matrix(y_true, y_pred)

print(cm)

[Link](cm, annot=True, fmt='d')

[Link]("Predicted")
[Link]("Actual")
[Link]("Confusion Matrix")

[Link]()

Output:

Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem
Shiv Shukla
Btech AIML 4th Sem

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