Muhammad’s Journey to Sham

2
 Muhammad was 12 years old his uncle
(Abu Talib) brought him to Sham (Syria)
 When they reached Busra (A part of
Sham), Bahira, a monk noticed a not
ordinary sight, a cloud was moving
directly above a certain caravan.
 Bahira recognized the mark below his
shoulders. It was a seal of prophethood.
He instructed Abu Talib to return
Muhammad to Makkah as his people will
harm him if they notice the seal on
Muhammad.

Battle of Al Fujjar (Sacrilegious War)

REBUILDING OF THE KA’BAH

 When Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬was 35  Zakah is an obligatory act of worship
years old, a flood damaged the Kaʿbah in for every Muslim who owns wealth
Makkah. subject to zakah.
 The Quraysh tribe decided to rebuild it  It must be given by Muslims of all
using only lawful and clean wealth. types: male or female, adult or child,
 During construction, the funds ran out, sane or insane.
leaving about six meters on the northern  Qur’an guidance: Allah says:
side unfinished. “Take (O Muhammad ‫ )ﷺ‬from their
 A short fence was placed around this wealth a zakah (alms) to purify and
area to show it was still part of the sanctify them, and invoke Allah for
Kaʿbah. them.” (At-Tawbah 9:103)
 This fenced area became known as al- Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬said:
Hijr or al-Hatīm. “Islam is built on five pillars: testifying
 When rebuilding reached the placement there is no God but Allah and
of the Black Stone (al-Ḥajar al-Aswad), Muhammad is His Messenger,
the Quraysh disputed over who should performing Salah, giving Zakah,
place it. performing Hajj, and fasting in
 The disagreement lasted for several days Ramadan.” (Agreed upon)
and nearly led to fighting.  Zakah is a financial worship and a
 Abū Umayyah ibn al-Mughīrah pillar of Islam, which requires having
suggested that the first person to enter wealth.
the mosque should decide the matter.  Islam encourages Muslims to earn
 The Quraysh agreed, and the first to lawful wealth, so they can fulfill the
enter was Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬. obligation of zakah.
 Known as al-Amīn (the Trustworthy),  Giving zakah helps eliminate
his judgment was immediately accepted. poverty and strengthens the Muslim
 He placed the Black Stone on a cloth and community.
asked leaders of all tribes to lift it  Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬said:
together. “The upper hand (giving) is better than
 When it reached the proper height, he the lower hand (receiving).”
placed the stone in its position himself. Definition of az-Zakah
 The conflict was resolved peacefully  Zakah is an Arabic term that means a
through wisdom and cooperation. mandatory portion of wealth given to
 The event teaches lessons of unity, trust, qualified recipients.
peace, and fair leadership.  It is given based on specific conditions
 Muhammad’s ‫ ﷺ‬wisdom and and minimum amount (niṣāb).
trustworthiness were signs of his future  Zakah purifies the giver and his/her
prophethood, by the will of Allah. wealth.
 It is an obligatory act of worship and the
third pillar of Islam.
 Zakah is mentioned together with Ṣalāh in
28 verses of the Qur’an, showing its
importance.

ZAKAH Wisdom of the Legalization of Zakah

 To purify the soul from selfishness,  40–120 goats → 1 sheep
greed, stinginess, and excessive love of  121–200 goats → 2 sheep
wealth.  201–300 goats → 3 sheep
 To help the poor and the needy in  Above 300 → Add 1 sheep for every
society. additional 100 goats
 To support public welfare and
community needs. Zakah on Cows and Carabaos
 To limit the concentration of wealth  30 cows → 1 tabīʿ (1-year-old calf)
among the rich and promote social  40 cows → 1 musinnah (2-year-old cow)
balance.  60 cows → 2 tabīʿ
Kinds of Wealth Subject to Zakah  Zakah increases according to the number
The wealth from which Zakah must be owned following this pattern.
taken is of four kinds:
 Currencies The Recipients of az-Zakah
 Animals
 Crops The Qur’an specifies the people who are eligible
to receive Zakah. They are:
 Commodities (trade goods)
 Al-Fuqarā’ – the very poor who cannot
1. Zakah on Currencies find enough provision for their basic
 Currencies include gold, silver, and needs.
banknotes.  Al-Masākīn – the poor who have some
means but still lack sufficient provision.
 Gold:
 Zakah collectors – those assigned to
o Niṣāb: 85 grams
collect and distribute Zakah who do not
o Zakah rate: 2.5% receive a salary.
 Silver:  New Muslims or those inclined toward
o Niṣāb: 200 dirhams Islam – given Zakah to strengthen their
o Zakah rate: 2.5% hearts and encourage them to embrace
Islam.
 Banknotes:
 Slaves or captives – those seeking to buy
o Must reach the value of 85 grams
their freedom from their masters.
of gold or 200 dirhams of silver  Debtors – people burdened with debt due
o Zakah rate: 2.5% to resolving disputes or lack of basic
 These currencies must be owned for one necessities.
lunar year (ḥawl) before Zakah is due.  Those in the cause of Allah – individuals
who dedicate themselves to protecting the
Muslim community or calling people to
2. Zakah on Animals (Bahīmat al- Islam, such as defenders and religious
Anʿām) scholars.
Animals subject to Zakah:
 Goats
 Cows and carabaos
 Camels
Conditions:
 Animals must be raised for breeding and
growth, not for labor.
 They must be kept for one lunar year
before Zakah becomes obligatory.

Zakah on Goats
THE SURAH OF THE QUR-AN
 The Phenomenon of the Dawn
 SURAH AL-LAYL 89th Surah of the Qur-an
The Phenomenon of the Night 30 verses
92nd Surah of the Qur-an - The dawn is when the day is about
21 Verses to come. It mentions the first ten
- Succession of day and night, days of the month of Dhul Hijjah.
creating of male and female. - It mentions the even and the odd of
- Gender comprehends all life. There the creations of Allah.
is attraction between opposite - These are witnessed by man every
genders. day. These are proofs for man to
- Allah mentioned again the fate of believe in Allah.
those who reject the Truth. Those - Man should avoid all kinds of sins
who reject the Truth will enter hell forbidden by Allah.
or the Fire of Punishment. - Allah mentioned the story of the
people of ʿĀd and Thamūd.
 SURAH AS SHAMS - When they rejected the worship of
The Phenomenon of the Sun Allah, a strong punishment came to
91st Surah of the Qur-an them. The punishment killed them
15 verses all.
- The sūrah discusses natural - Allah also mentioned the story of
phenomena: the sun, the moon, the Firʿawn. Firʿawn claimed lordship
day, and the night. on earth. He ordered his people to
- The sun rises and sets every day worship him as lord.
and never fails. - Allah sent Mūsā to advise him and
- The tribe of Thamūd is mentioned call him to submit to the will of
for their wicked behavior. They Allah. Firʿawn refused.
killed the she-camel, a miracle of - Allah commanded Mūsā to bring
Allah given as a test. Not one of the people of Israel out of Egypt.
them survived the punishment of - When they reached the Red Sea,
Allah. Allah commanded Mūsā to strike
 SURAH AL BALAD the sea with his stick.
The Township (Makkah) - The people of Israel crossed the
90th Surah of the Quran sea. Firʿawn and his soldiers
20 verses followed them. Allah caused the
- Makkah is the birthplace of sea to return to its form. Firʿawn
Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬. and his soldiers were drowned.
- It mentions the Quraysh tribe who
dwelled in Makkah.
- The Quraysh forgot their Lord over
time. They worshiped images of
false deities taken from Shāms.
- Many men in Makkah opposed the
calling of Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬.
- The weak Muslims who believed
in Allah were tortured. Their belief
was stronger than the mountains.
They stood firm. They became
victorious over the disbelievers.
 SURAH AL FAJR  SURAH AL-GHASHIYAH
 The Hereafter  SURAH AT TARIQ
88th Surah The Shining Star
26 verses 86th Surah
- The people will be divided into 17 verses
two groups. The group of believers - The sūrah is about the oath of
will receive their rewards from Allah by the heaven and the
their Lord Allah. shining star (at-Tāriq).
- The group of disbelievers will - The shining star appears in the
receive the punishment of Allah in night.
Hell-fire. The sūrah describes - Man was created from the semen
Paradise and Hell. of his father and the ova of his
- The sūrah mentions the camel as mother.
an animal useful to man. Man uses - Man is a weak creature on earth.
the camel as a mode of - When man reaches the age of
transportation across the vast strength, he refuses the will of his
deserts of Arabia. Lord Allah. In his return to his
- Man, despite these numerous signs Lord, man becomes weak again.
of Allah, lost his way. Man forgot Man has no helper to escape from
Allah. Allah promised that the punishment of his Lord.
mankind will return to Him - Allah mentioned the heaven that
someday. gives rain.
- Allah will decide over them. - Allah mentioned the earth that
allows seeds to grow.
 SURAH AL- A’LA - Allah revealed the Qur’an in truth.
The Divine Attribute - The Qur’an is a criterion for right
87th Surah from wrong.
19 verses
- Allah ordered Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬to
glorify Him.
- Allah revealed His works in the
sūrah.
- It mentions His creations. Allah
gave limits and portions to each
creation.
- The revelation was received from
Angel Jibrīl. Those who obey
Allah will be successful in the
hereafter. Those who prefer the
present life over the hereafter will
not be successful. The hereafter is
the best and endless abode.
- Worldly life is bound to end.
 SURAH AL BURUJ  SURAH AL-INFITAR
The Big Stars The Cleaving
85th Surah of the Qur-an 82nd Surah of the Qur-an
22 verses 19 verses
- Three purposes of the creation of - The sūrah discusses the changes in
the stars; decorations of the nature when the Hereafter comes.
heaven, missiles to hit the devils - The heaven will be cleft asunder.
and signs to guide the travellers. The stars will fall and scatter. The
- They will receive the gardens and seas will burst forth.
abundance of Paradise. Beneath the - The graves will turn upside down
gardens rivers flow. and bring out their contents.
- Man, who rejected his Lord will be
 SURAH AL-INSHIQAQ questioned.
The Splitting Asunder - The Hereafter is the Day of
84th Surah of the Qur-an Recompense. On that day, the sole
25 verses Power and Authority will be in the
- The sūrah discusses the events that hands of Allah alone.
will happen in the Hereafter.
- The heaven will be cleft asunder  SURAH AT-TAKWIR
like carded wool. The earth will be The Phenomenon of Divine Ability
stretched forth. 81st Surah of the Qur-an
- The earth will cast out all that is in 29 verses
it and become empty. - Discussed the natural phenomenon
- The believers will receive their that will occur in the end of this
records by their right hands. dunya.
- The believers will be given the - The sun will lose its light, the stars
mercy of Allah. will fade, the mountains will be
- The unbelievers will receive their uprooted and the ocean will boil.
records behind their backs.
 SURAH ABASA
 SURAH AL-MUTAFIFFIN The Divine Preference of Believers in
Those who deal in fraud Allah
83rd Surah of the Qur-an 80th surah of the Qur-an
36 verses 42 verses
- The sūrah discusses the behavior of - When the Prophet turned away a
traders who deal with fraud. blind companion (Abdullah bin
- Severe punishment is due to those Ummi Maktum).
who deal with fraud in business - The ayah reminded the Prophet
transactions. that what he did was undesirable.
- The record of the sinner is in Sijjīn.
The owner of that record will be
fuel of the fire in Hell-fire.
- The record of the pious believer is
in ʿIlliyyīn.

 SURAH NAZI’AAT
The Divine ability to create the unseen
 79th Surah of the Qur-an - Shirk is a big sin in the sight of
46 verses Allah.
- Discusses the certainty of - Shirk means the association of
resurrection and life after death. Allah with other deities in worship.
- The oath sworn by angels who are - Allah does not forgive the sin of
tasked to take the soul of the setting up partners in worship with
people who die. Him.
- Whoever sets up partners in
worship with Allah is forbidden
 SURAH AN-NABA Paradise.
The Divine Information - The Fire will be his abode.
78th Surah of the Qur-an
40 verses - Shirk has three kinds:
- Allah reminded the mankind of the - A. Shirk Akbar (Big Shirk):
Great news which was the Offering any kind of worship to
revelation of the Qur-an and the deities other than Allah.
Resurrection and the Hereafter. - Shirk Akbar has four kinds:
- Shirk ad-Da‘wah (shirk of
 KUFR supplication).
- To be a true Muslim, one must - Shirk an-Niyyah (shirk of
know the acts that nullify belief. intentions).
- One of these acts is al-Kufr. - Shirk at-Ta‘ah (shirk of
- The Arabic word kufr means cover. obedience).
- A Kāfir is someone who covers - Shirk al-Maḥabbah (shirk of love).
and conceals the truth after
realizing it. B. Shirk Asghar (Minor Shirk):
- Kufr has two kinds. - Acts of worship done to gain praise
- A. Kufr that expels a person or fame rather than to please Allah.
from the religion of Islam (five
kinds): C. Shirk Khafī (Secret Shirk):
- Kufr by attributing Allah as a liar. Shirk that is very secret. It is more
-Kufr by refusal and arrogance hidden than the crawling of a black
(istikbār). ant on a black stone in the darkness
-Kufr by doubt. of the night.
-Kufr by I‘rāḍh (turning away from
Allah).
-Kufr by hypocrisy.
- B. Kufr an-Ni‘mah: Kufr that
does not expel a person from the
religion of Islam. It is disbelief by
not appreciating the bounty of
Allah. It is denying the favours of
Allah.

 SHIRK  NIFAQ
- Avoid all kinds of hypocrisy because it
can nullify your faith.
- Nifāq (hypocrisy) means making an
outward display of Islam while
inwardly concealing kufr (disbelief).
Nifāq started in Madinah after
migration (Hijrah). Wealth was
introduced to Muslims by way of
plunder.
- Nifāq is of two kinds:
- Nifāq in Belief (Nifāq I‘tiqādī).
- Nifāq in Action (Nifāq ‘Amalī).

- Nifāq in Belief has six kinds:

- To make Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬a
liar.
- To belie some of the things that
Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬brought forth.
- To be angry with Prophet
Muhammad
- To be angry with some of the things
that Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬brought forth.
- To rejoice when the religion of
Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬is in a
decreasing position.
- To hate the victory of the religion of
Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬.

- Nifāq in Action has five kinds:

- Al-Kadhib (telling a lie).
- Al-Ikhlāf (not fulfilling a promise).
- Al-Khiyānah (not fulfilling something
entrusted to him/her).
- Al Fujr (work of a traitor)
- Al Gadr (Betrayal of trust or contract)

The Prophet Muhammad said: A

hypocrite has three distinguishing signs;
first when he speaks, he tells a lie; second,
when he makes a promise, he breaks it;
third, when something is entrusted to him,
he misappropriates it.”
Al Bukhari wa Muslim