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Grade 6 Chapter 8 Theory

The document discusses the importance of the Internet in daily life, highlighting its uses and potential threats such as malware, viruses, and spyware. It also covers the concept of netiquette, the advantages of email, and provides a guide on how to create an email account and use email features. Additionally, it explains Google Drive as an online storage service for various file types.

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3 views16 pages

Grade 6 Chapter 8 Theory

The document discusses the importance of the Internet in daily life, highlighting its uses and potential threats such as malware, viruses, and spyware. It also covers the concept of netiquette, the advantages of email, and provides a guide on how to create an email account and use email features. Additionally, it explains Google Drive as an online storage service for various file types.

Uploaded by

Only for Youtube
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Services on the ‘Qe Internet | Really, Turbo? You al 2 [,_.1 the solution to every problem Will you teach me Feet to use the Internet?) Look, Turbo. These are all my cousins. T miss them so much. I wish I could write letters to them. But that would bbe so costly, isn’t Hs Sure, Tina. Let's learn about the good and the bad of the Internet. Not at all, Tina. All you need to do is create an email account Internet has become an essential part of our lives these days. There are so many tasks for which we | can use the Internet such as reading stories, news * Potential Threats While = 9) nd other informative articles; watching videos, news. Using ie sports, animations, and movies: listening to music; and oa downloading different things of [Link] be able to | © Google Drive use Internet responsibly and safely, we must be aware * Introduction to 1) of the various dangers and etiquettes associated with - E-commerce | Let us learn about them in this chapter. * Online Modes of Payment ae eee POTENTIAL(THREATS) WHILE USING THE INTERNET The main threat while using the Internet is that someon? might steal personal information from your computer ia one of the following ways. 1 Malware y Malware is short for malicious software, The word refes to any program that infiltrates and harms a computer without the user's consent, Maiware ba worms, Trojan horses, spyware, ‘and spar networks: it Can be annoying, or it can General term that includes computer viruses, mM. Malware can slow down computers and be actively destructive Virus “Geomputer virus is a software pro make copies of itself, and to attac! Avirus may Or May not be destructive. Viruses are written by expert computer programmers and are intended to run on computer systems without the user's knowledge) Always be gram that has the ability to careful, frends. h itself to other programs or files: Inthe same way that biological viruses enter our body and attack certain cells, computer viruses enter a computer system and — 9: attach themselves to an item such as the startup area (master boot record) or an executable file (a file with a exe extension)] The startup area or the master boot record is the first sector of the computer hard drive. It tells the computer how to load the operating system and how the hard drive is partitioned. Thus, it is an important area and often the target of viruses. (host firuses stay active in the memory until you turn off the computes When you do so. the virus is removed from the computer's memory, bul Gorfrom the file(s) or the disk it has infected. So, the next time you use your computer, the virus program is ac! may then attach itself to more programs and/or files. 3 Trojan Horse Qrojan horse is a program that appears useful, but is actually programmed to pass the user's data to someone else) Trojan horses attempt fo steal and pass on confidential information such as Passwords ond credit card numbers, They|do not reproduce}by infecting other files or by self teplicating like viruses and worms. ATrojan horse enters a computer system because a user installs it, under the wrong — impression that it is a useful and harmless program. When a Trojan horse is activated it typically changes existing desktop icons or creates new ones. It may also delete imeortant system files. lis main aim, however. is to steal sensitive information stored on the infected Computer. Some common|rojan horses are Netbus, SubSeven, Beast, and Zeus} yy 3 Worms 1 (A worm is a program capable of reproducing and spreading itself to another computer System, usually by means of a computer network, Sale Giffar from viruses VIFUSES Spread ¥ Worms spread without any human action, and thus " spred ny hum ion eS When the user does something, such as running an infected program or aHfaching cn infected file, @ worm emails copies of itself io other computers, infects ther, and thes wees the 20k oF Ihe infected computer lo spread further fbomputor works usUClY 49 net co Girect damage to programs and files, However ney consume large amour Fe oe ry and/or network bandwiath, thus slowing down the computer and raring i girs impossible for the user to work. Examples of computer worms are CodeRed, [Link] ee y lovevou> ee Spyware refers fo computer programs that secretly gather information about the use ‘elay it tadvertiser or other interested partiesyThey are also called spybots or tracking SoftwareSpyware is offen Installed without the-user’s- consent when the user: #1 downloads something from the Internet or ‘clicks on something in a popup window that appears while browsing.) Spyware can consume a lot of memory, making the computer very slow and difficult to work with. The biggest problem with spyware is that it can steal your information ang misuse your computer. Drs Gadware or advertisement supported software displays advertisement to users when they are online, in order to generate revenue for the author. It can also gather your persone! information, track the websites you visit, or even record everything you typ) € Spam Gpam refers to unsolicited, unwanted email It may cary advertisements or serve os wo ¢ of spreading malware, such as viruses and worms. Some way of avoiding spam are: Do not give your email address to unknown people, he spam filter of your email program to block unwanted emails, Delete spam mails without reading them, is a malicious code installed in your computer or server, that directs the user to fraudulent websites without his/her consent, The ems to resemble the origina! website; therefore, the user cannot easily recognis® He fraud website) The idea is to gett? f important information, such as credit card details and Password. Co A i ing Its a cybercrime in which frauidstors 1 iS 'Y to obtain, financial or other confidentiat inforrriat! on from an Internet user, by sending arfemriail or an SMS)with a link to 6 tare wetvsite the user clicks on the link, thinking it 1o be zation it toe the fake website that resembles the origin on this website is stored and misused byt V Reylogge! (tis a computer program that records even fo get fraudulent access to passwords an JNETIQUETTES 9, - The Intemet, just like the world we live in, has certain rules that people should follow Netiquette is a special set of manners that need to be followed while using the | includes the following: ~~ Spell-check what you have written to help others understand you correctly. from a legitinate organization. if 1a {al website (Any information that the he fraudsters. J 'Y keystrake made by the cornputer user. in order id other confidential inforrnation.) Do not use ALL CAPS in your mails or online messages because it is considered to b= equivalent to shouting. 4 Be truthful in the information you provide online. However, mind the rules for oni safety. ote yourself even when you are online and do not say or do things that you will not do otherwise. \ y Respect other people's views, even if you don't agree with them. ? EMAIL CEmail stands for electronic mail, An email is an electronic message sent from on computer to another. The message can include text, pictures, videos, and sound: B)advantages of Email Following are some advantages of using email: Fact Bytes i ; Emails are so fast that the conventona T> Speed Email is much quicker than normal mails are now termed as "snail rea” Postal services’ message can reach any to signify the difference in soved. part of the world in a fraction of a second. & Content An email message can consist of only a few lines of text or of several thousand lines. Unlike the postal services, the message is not charged by weighf) s Cost There is no charge to be paid for sending and receiving email messaged even . 7 though the message travels across the world. ud) Receiving messages We need not be present at our computer alll the a [Link] message sent to us is stored safely in our email accou! ime to receive E Addresses = H ach usor fps a unique email cdaross. haf two pa computer's address (domain name). The users lag from the computer's fully qualified domain namelty Ir’ Sign’), For exampiol in the email address alsan compa is the username and hotmail, com Is the domain nan.) name 797s hes & Sy ASO Y [Link], © & Features of Email _ An email program usually has the following cornmon feat | Email Folders 3 Email programs use folders to store emails. The folders are (Grrange< some Qn the leff side of your email screeny(Fig. 8.1). Following are som important folders that can be seen in an email account: (1) Inbox (stores the incoming email messages. mostly showing cll unread messages in/bold}Whenever you want fo check your email messages, just click InBox on the left side of your email screen. (I}) Drafts (It stores messages that you started to write but have not yet sent] (LtDsent (It stores the messages that you have already sent] ( C19 outbox (1 stores the outgoing messages that you have composed.) (w) Seam Lit stores all suspected spam messages. Email spam is also referred as junk molar unsolicited messages sent in biIK> ‘vilrrash (It stores deleted messages> Vildontacts (It stores email addresses of your friends and other email contacts) & -ommands for Working with Email The following commands are commonly used for working with email: CL) Compose (This lets you create a new email messagS> Ct V Reply (ou can reply to. a message using this command, which appears for every message that you open to rea? ny) Forward Gris lets you forward a received email message to someone else) 1 Delete (You can delete old and unwanted Messages using this command) Vv) Print (vou can take a printout of the message using this command, fit) y attachment This option allows you to | attach and send files, such as a Word, Excel. or FE file, along with the email, This option appears when you are writing a messagé) “ 26 TT )How to Open an Email Account . To open an email account, follow the steps fi , steps listed bel we whl tare GTC Oe Sas acl F bolow. (Hore, wa vill tave Grr fy, Connect to the Intemet and open any wob browser, say Intamet Explorer 2. Type [Link] in the address bar and J prose ENTER The Google Horne appears (Fig. 8.2). Click Sign in. ae he Garise Horne wage Google congesenen tno iny upectance ot eo Bess HOR ety THEA ess comme Sot Fig. 8.2 Google Home page en appears (Fig. 8.3). Click Use another account. The 3. The Choose an account scre 1 Next button. Sign in screen appears (Fig. 8.4). Click Create account. Click th Fig. 8.4. Signin screen 2 required details Fig. 8.3 Choose an account screen Account screen appears (Fig. 8.5). Enter the 4, The Create your Google and click Next. 5. The Welcome to Google screen apP' for account recovery and click Next. provided by you. You may verify it or skip the step. ears (Fig. 8.6). Enter the information required Google will prompt you to verity the information | | | l J cise eee Fig. 2.5 Create your Google Account screen Fig.2.6 Welcome to Google meg A signature is text, such as your contact information, Display density that is qutomatically inserted at the bottom of every wey message you creatéJo create your email signature, Configure inbox icon follow these steps: Settings L_Click the Settings icon at the top-right corner of the oe Gmail window ¢Fig.8zb?). From the drop-down menu options, select Settings) Send feedback | _2-The Settings menu appears. Scroll down to the Signature Help section and type the text to be used as your eee Gmail Setup (10%) You can also format the text using the buttons available for text formatting (Fig. 8.12). Fig. 8.11 Settings menu Settings General Labels Inbox Accountand import Fitersand Boched Adreses * smset + Ts BT VAL ORE Brljesh Kumar © sign ot ° (cliék four account name or pholo to {he right of the a ‘window and select the Sign out option ¢Fig. 6.13). It Is important to close your account properly, especially - when you are using a public or shared computer. This a willprevent Jnisuse of your account by other people nga who will usé this computer afer you. | crags yoo dwg homme GOOGLE DRIVE | @ wee. Google Drive is an online file storage service provided : Bt Add another sccourt py Google. You can keep photos, documents, presentations, videos, etc., in Google Drive. You can view these files from anywhere using your smartphone, computer, or tablet. You can also share oe Fig. 8.13. Sign out option these files and folders by inviting others to view, - download, or collaborate on these files. Suppose you have created a docu! and want to save it in Google Drive, To do this, follow these steps: Sign out 5 ment 1. Open a web browser, say Google Chrome. 2. Open [Link]. Log into your Google account. 3. Click the drop-down arrow of My Drive and select New folder to create a folder (Fig. 8.14). ew folder 4, To upload files or folders, click and drag them into the Google Drive folder. 5. You can also share these files by selecting files rere ere clicking the three dots, and selecting th hare ig. 8.14 Create file or foice! option (Fig. 8.15). Gik Sree dos se ae Download sts npn) gg BA ts ete te an i esr ener rts 8 Share ‘option eer pretation ed | Cae ioommeern tiie Fig. 8.15 Google Drive —z Entor tho email address of the person with 6. The window whom you want to share this file. Now, click the Send button 7. You can also click on the Get shareable link» The nev! screen (Fig.6.17) opps Copy link (fou can paste the link in email or any Messaging platiorn. Anyone whe this link, just needs fo click it to view the file. ar with emers on enent 60 — erent cor s Fig. 8.16 Sharing files on Google Drive Fig. 8.17 Copy link option to share with @® Downloading File from Google Drive Ae a To download a file from Google Drive, frst select the file, Right-click and select Downleeg from the shortcut menu that appears (Fig. 8.18). Q Search Drive jt Onenwat > My Drive ~ (c= | us ” © Get sharsble ok Yousharedtoger etme: tr Asta stared - A Renee &©oageo i 4 1 oenng aed 1D rearsening Fig. 8.18 Shortcut menu () INTRODUCTION TO E-COMMERCE @ Commerce refers to the exchange of goods and services, usually for moneyThee oe v — » three parties to any such exchange: buyers, sellers, and producers. e Buyers are the people with money who want to purchase goods or services. to buyers. Sellers are of two types (etailers\who sell directly to consumers and\wh: alers_or distributor§ who sell to retailers and other businesses" I e Sellers are the people who offer goods and servi Producers are the people who create the products and services that sel buyers.A producer is always, by necessily, a seller as wall. He may sell the produ wholesalers, retailers, or directly to the consumer, We can also say that commerce refers to the buying and selling of products. Thus, ommerce is simply an extension of this concepf, Electronic commerce (6-6! Means transactions conducted electronically or through the Internet. If is a way of enabling or doing business over the Interne}.In recent years, e-commerce has grou" exponentially in India. Let us understand more about e-commerce. mmarce) J) Features of E-Commerce commerce is a way of doing business over the Internet. Companies set up wé provide details of their products and services, and consumers can buy what they w using credit cords, e-banking/net banking, cash on delivery, efc, E-commerce site implement extra security features that other websites do not need. Therefore, -comme websites must have payment gateways fo enable secure online payments. Four k’ ecommerce models pxist at present. These models are as follows: 2- e Business-to-Consumer (B2C) inds \e Business-fo-Business (B2B) 2° Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) ue Digital middlemen Siness-to-Business Model is model involves transactions taking place betw company selling to or buying from other companies ‘een companies, for example, a through the Internet. Basiness-to-Consumer Model Tis model refers to transactions between a company and a customerfor example. & company establishes a website on the Internet. Such a company provides information about its products and services on the website. Thi€enables consumers fo order any product or gain information about a product from thiabsite. Cow poy Ye website : diver _Aonsumer-to-Consumer Model Ciis model refers to e-commerce between consumers or individuals. For example. & websites where individual consumers. put up items, and other individual consumers © them. Some examples are sites such as [Link], [Link], and [Link]. | Middlemen Model This model refers to the e-commerce model that provides information about produc from many interested buyers/sellers. Such a company gathers information from all those companies that provide the similar type of products (cars. computer hardware, etc.) oF services (travel and tourism, etc.) and display information about their products. Acommission is. charged for each transaction (buying/: selling) in this case. iG for o — i Advantages of Online Shopping The following are some advantages of shopping online: 2-475 available 24 x 7. #1 easier to start a business, as upfront investments or setup cost are relatively ly, _Itoffers better service to customers, because distance is no hindrance -Customers can select the product easily and they have greater number of cho) from different providers. The process of buying and selling is relatively fast. +-Ecommerce is attractive for businesses because it can reduce their running costs 2 Consumers are drawn to e-commerce for the convenience of shopping from home (@P disadvantages of Online Shopping * Many people are still concerned about data security and the{possibllty of fraug) hesitate to enter sensitive information, such as credit card numbers, on Webs fear that third parties could intercept and misuse the information. Companies working hard to resolve these issues. Security has improved a lot since e-commerce first started. * Customers hesitate to buy online because they[cannot examine the product shy Thus, they doubt whether the product will match their expectations. Computer engineers are trying fo get around this problem by creating three-dimensionci images and software that will help the consumer experience the product. Some companies also allow customers to try a product (such as clothes and footwear) Ind also to return/exchange a defective product Poe oun @ ONLINE MODES OF PAYMENT (OR E-PAYMENTS) Some of the online modes of payment are as follows: D Debit Card. ‘A debit card js like a digitized version of a cheque| itis linked to a bank _ account and when there is a transaction, money is debited from the bank account 2) Credit Card A credit card allows you to borrow money from your bank to make purene The bank sends the user regular bills for the transactions made using the credit care. E-Money E-Money (Electronic Money) is a Citra” en \ $I = 3 digital form of cash. E-Money can be held (3 J bit > | * on cards, devices, or on a server. Example BHIM (Bharat Interface fo ney) AP |The government of india has launched digita|__ it i such as metro ached a deool cae lets such os Payim, —, Payient app called BHIM, Based onthe | Ceebelel tee telltale | Unified Payments Interface (UPD, the app is | PayPal, MokiKwik, PayUMoney, and State | directly linked to the user's bank account and Bank Buda\ | allows them to send and receive money S WEBSITE, SOCIAL NETWORKING, AND BLOG Awebsite is a collection of linked web pages with related information. Wats 92965 Con links to other places on the same web page, fo web pagas on the sarne web ; g web pages on other websites They can also contain filkin forms, photos, clickable irrages audio files, and videos : - Facebook and X (formerly known Qs Twitter) are popular special Facebook helps)users stay in touch with friends and tai messages called tweets for anybody to read.) . Qblog is a personal website that is like a diary where the owner can write requir e regulorty Ti articles on a blog are called Posts)Most blogs allow anybody to read ai usually arranges the posts in chr Ind comme logical order from the most recent at the too older entries towards the bottom/The Person who owns or manages a blog is called [Link] act of writing a post for a blog is called blogging) PODCASTS (podcast is an audio or video file made available for download on the Internet, usually as a [Link] term‘podcast'isa your own blog, visit any blog combination of the terms iPod’ (a popular _ platform, create an account, choose 2 portable audio player released by Apple —_ template, and begin blogging! Inc.) and ‘broadcast’. Podcasts are usually = free and have become quite popular in recent years. Platforms such as iTunes. Spotify, anc Google Podcasts manage the playback devices > Computer Manners Always use the Internet responsibly. Think before each action. Do not click on a hyperlink in an email, if you are unsure where the hyperlink will take you ~ even if you know the sence : may lead to a worm or virus entering your computer and causing damage to your personal 33 Exer _ Mer ses ay ‘4 O ectve Type Questions <=> r ili the blanks with the correct Words, Blogger Credit inbox Share |. Acomputer—_____ has the abili Virus ity to attach itself to other Program or files. 1 : 2, Asa person who owns or manages a blog, a card allows you to borrow money from your bank to make pu ian and download file stored on Google Drive. the Stores the incoming email messages, wi ite T for the true statement and F for the false one. Correct the false statemen 1, A Trojan horse seems to be a useful rogram but itive ir tion stored on your computer, Prog steals sensitive informatio st{s). 2, You cannot download files from Google Drive, : 3. You cannot do online shopping after 10pm. — 4, You can use debit card anywhere for any amount. a 5. Facebook and Twitter are two popular social networking websites, i hoose the correct option. 1. Which of these is a computer program that records eve ry keystroke made by the come a. Pharming b. Phishing c. Keyloggers d. Spam 2. Which of these stores the messages that you have already sent? a. Inbox b. Outbox ce. Draft d. Sent Mail 3. Which one is not an advantage of online shopping? a. Itis available 24 x7 b, Setup cost is low c. There are more choices d. Sometimes products are not same as they look online 4. Which of the following is a digital form of cash? a. Debit card b. Credit card c. E-money d. Allof these 5. Which of the following is an act of writing a post for a blog? - a. Blogger b. Blogging c. Blogspot d, None of these ji ; *scriptive Type Questions Answer the following. |. What are the threats while working on the Internet? ~ What is a spam? How will you avoid spam? * What is netiquette? Write any two netiquette rules you should follow. See ea Eee a 4. Mention any two advantages of email. . What is the difference between Ce and Bec options? » What is Google Drive? Is it accessible from anywhere using your smartphone, Come tablet? 7. Write any two advantages and two disadvantages of online shopping. . What are the three modes of e-Payments? 324 Questions © @ , 7 1. Malvika's mother got a phone call from a bank asking her to submit sorne importany information by clicking a link given by them. What should Malvika's mother do? | 2. Whenever you do any transaction through online payments, you will get an OTP (eng, | time password). If someone asks you about this password, will you tell him/her? 3. Nitish wants to send an email to 50 friends. Find out about the software/apps he can download to be able to type the email in his native language. £ . Jatin wants to open an email account in Google. Create a document listing the steps :> follow for doing this task. 2. The computer science teacher has asked the class monitor to create a Poster on potents threats while working on the Internet. Create a similar poster in MS Paint. 3. Ashima's teacher has asked her to write a blog on how she managed her studies during the pandemic. Create a similar blog and share with your friends. 4. Nita’s mother gets an electricity bill of Rs. 50,000 for two months through an email. It seems to be a mistake made by the concerned department. Her mother asks Nita to wr an email to the department head (abc@[Link]) and send the same copy to two ome people (xyz@[Link] and Imn@[Link]) such that the recipients do not know sot the emails to others. Create this email, then take the screenshot and send it as an ev! attachment to your teacher. For the Teachers ‘* Demonstrate how to open an email account and compose a mail with attachments. © Discuss the difference between a website and a blog, * Familiarize students with the threats while working on the Internet. * Discuss netiquettes and their importance, —

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