Module 1:

Communications in a
Connected World
Instructor Materials
Networking Essentials (NETESS v2.0)
Instructor Materials – Module 1 Planning Guide

This PowerPoint deck is divided in two parts:

• Instructor Planning Guide
• Information to help you become familiar with the module
• Teaching aids
•Instructor Class Presentation
• Optional slides that you can use in the classroom
• Begins on slide # 10

Note: Remove the Planning Guide from this presentation before sharing with anyone.

For additional help and resources go to the Instructor Home Page and Course Resources for this
course. You also can visit the professional development site on [Link], the official Cisco
Networking Academy Facebook page, or Instructor Only FB group.

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What to Expect in this Module
To facilitate learning, the following features within the GUI may be included in this module:

Feature Animations
Videos Expose learners to new skills and concepts.

Check Your Understanding (CYU) Per topic online quiz to help learners gauge
content understanding.

Labs Labs designed for working with physical equipment.

Packet Tracer Activities Simulation and modeling activities designed

to explore, acquire, reinforce, and expand
skills.
Module Quizzes
Self-assessments that integrate concepts and
skills learned throughout the series of topics
presented in the module.
Module Summary
Briefly recaps module content.
3

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Expose learners to new skills and concepts.

Check Your Understanding
 • Check Your Understanding activities are designed to let students quickly determine if they understand
the content and can proceed, or if they need to review.

• Check Your Understanding activities do not affect student grades.

• There are no separate slides for these activities in the PPT. They are listed in the notes area of the
slide that appears before these activities.

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Module 1: Activities
 Page # Activity Type Activity Name Optional?
1.0.3 Video Welcome to the Cisco Networking Academy recommended

1.0.4 Video Meet Your Video Instructors recommended

1.1.4 Video Different Network Connections recommended

1.1.8 CYU Network Types recommended

1.2.1 Video Types of Personal Data recommended

1.2.3 Interactive Activity Character to ASCII Translation recommended

1.2.4 Animation Common Methods of Data Transmission recommended

1.2.5 CYU Data Transmission recommended

1.3.2 Video Throughput recommended

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Module 1: Activities (Cont.)
 Page # Activity Type Activity Name Optional?
1.3.4 CYU Bandwidth and Throughput recommended

1.4.5 CYU Clients and Servers recommended

1.5.1 Video Network Infrastructure Symbols recommended

1.5.3 Animation Data Flowing Through a Network recommended

1.5.4 Lab My Local Network recommended

1.5.5 CYU Identify End and Intermediary Devices recommended

1.6.2 Module Quiz Communications in a Connected World Quiz recommended

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Module 1: Best Practices
Prior to teaching Module 1, the instructor should:
• Review the activities and assessments for this module.

• Try to include as many questions as possible to keep students engaged during classroom presentation.
 Topic 1.1
• Give the students examples of a network and ask them to classify it as a small home network, SOHO,
medium to large network, or world wide network.
• One company has two retail outlets for swimwear, but almost all sales are done online. The
company rents a floor of an office building for staff. Servers are kept at a local data center
and maintained by the company’s own staff.
• A bistro has free Wi-Fi for its customers and has business class internet connectivity. The web
site is hosted by an outside vendor.
• The network used to connect to online vendors, email, web searches, etc.
• A teacher has a wired computer and wireless laptop in an apartment.

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Module 1: Best Practices (Cont.)
Topic 1.2
• Have a student give you a character and use the activity on 1.2.3 to show the ASCII bit translation. Do
a couple of these.
• Explain how computer systems today use 1s and 0s to transmit data through wired or wireless
 connectivity.
• While showing the animation on 1.2.4, have the students get in three teams. Each team is assigned
one of the three methods of data transmission. Give them just a couple of minutes to have a quick
discussion on where the method would be used. Have one person from the group share the findings
with the class.
Topic 1.3
• After doing a basic discussion of the difference between bandwidth and throughput, have the class do
the Check Your Understanding questions together.
Topic 1.4
• After reviewing common server types, ask the students to tell you the type of server they used the last
time they got on the internet. Follow up with asking what role the computer they were using played in
that type of communication.
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Module 1: Best Practices (Cont.)
Topic 1.4 (Cont.)
• If local printers are available in the class, consider sharing one to show an example of a P2P network.
Topic 1.5
• Use a web browser to search for network diagram and just view images. Ask the students to identify
the key components including a computer, laptop, printer, IP Phone, wireless router, router, LAN
switch, multilayer switch, and firewall. Ask another student to identify whether it is an end device,
intermediate device, or network media.

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 Module 1:
Communications in a
Connected World
Networking Essentials (NETESS)
Module Objectives

Module Title: Communications in a Connected World

Module Objective: Explain the concept of network communication.
Topic Title Topic Objective
Network Types Explain the concept of a network.
Data Transmission Describe network data.

Bandwidth and Explain the network transmission speed and capacity.

Throughput

Clients and Servers Explain the roles of clients and servers in a network.

Network Explain the roles of network infrastructure devices.

Components

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1.1 Network
Types

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 they are not referring to
the physical connections
in the real world. Rather,
they tend to think of it as
a formless collection of
connections. It is the
“place” people go to find
or share information.

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Network Types
Everything is Online
The internet has become
such a part of everyday
life that we almost take it
for granted.

Normally, when people

use the term internet,
 Who Owns “The Internet”?
The internet is not owned
by any individual or
group. The internet is a
worldwide collection of
interconnected networks
(internetwork or internet
for short), cooperating
with each other to
exchange information
using common
standards.

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Network Types
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Network Types
 or a remote office to connect to a corporate network, or
Local Networks access centralized, shared resources.

Small home networks connect a few computers to each

other and to the
internet.

The SOHO network allows computers in a home office

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Network Types thousands of interconnected hosts.

Local Networks (Cont.)

Medium to large networks, such as those used by
corporations and schools, can The internet is a network of networks that connects
have many locations with hundreds or hundreds of millions of computers world-wide.
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Network Types
Video - Different Network Connections
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Network Types Smart phones combine the functions of
Mobile Devices many different products together, such
as a telephone, camera, GPS receiver,
 media player, and touch screen so users are able to do many of the
computer. things they used to do on their laptop
computer, such as composing emails or
browsing the web.

Tablets come with on-screen keyboards,

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Network Types phone to provide the user with alerts
and messages and other functions, such
Mobile Devices (Cont.) as heart rate monitoring and counting
steps, can help people who are wearing
A smartwatch can connect to a smart
 the device to track their health. that displays information to the wearer in a
similar fashion to the Head-Up Display (HUD)
of a fighter pilot.

A wearable computer in the form of glasses,

such as Google Glass, contains a tiny screen

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Network Types
Connected Home Devices
 ovens, and
With a connected security system, dishwashers can be connected to the internet.
many items in a home, such as
lighting and climate controls, can be monitored
and configured remotely using a mobile device.

Household appliances such as refrigerators,

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Network Types equipment.

Connected Home Devices

(Cont.)
Gaming consoles can connect to the internet to
A smart TV can be connected to the download games and play with friends online.
internet to access content without the
need for TV service provider

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Network Types
Other Connected Devices

Many modern cars, known as Smart Cars, can Radio frequency identification (RFIDs) tags can
connect to the internet to access maps, audio and be placed in or on objects to track them or monitor
video content, or sensors for many conditions.
information about a destination.

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Network Types
Other Connected Devices
 pumps, and hospital monitors provide users or
(Cont.) medical professionals with direct feedback or alerts
when vital signs are at specific levels.

Connected sensors can provide

temperature, humidity, wind speed,
barometric pressure, and soil moisture
data. Actuators can then be automatically
triggered based on current conditions

Medical devices such as pacemakers, insulin

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1.2 Data Transmission

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Data Transmission
Video - Types of Personal Data
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Data Transmission
Types of Personal Data
 The following categories are used to classify types of personal data:

• Volunteered data - This is created and explicitly shared by individuals, such as social network profiles.
This type of data might include video files, pictures, text or audio files.
• Observed data - This is captured by recording the actions of individuals, such as location data when
using cell phones.
• Inferred data - This is data such as a credit score, which is based on analysis of volunteered or observed
data.

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Data Transmission
The Bit
 Did you know that computers and networks only work with binary digits, zeros and ones? Each bit
can only have one of two possible values, 0 or 1. The term bit is an abbreviation of “binary digit” and
represents the smallest piece of data. Humans interpret words and pictures, computers interpret
only patterns of bits. Each group of eight bits, such as the representations of letters and numbers, is
known as a byte.

Using the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), each character
is represented by eight bits. For example:

Capital letter: A = 01000001

Number: 9 = 00111001
Special character: # = 00100011

This page includes an ASCII bit translation engine where you can enter any character and see the
8 bit translation.

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Data Transmission
Transmission
Common Methods of Data After the data is transformed into a series of bits, it
must be infrared, microwave, or radio waves through the air.
converted into signals that can be sent across the
network
media to its destination. Media refers to the physical 28

medium on
which the signals are transmitted. Examples of media
are
copper wire, fiber-optic cable, and electromagnetic
waves
through the air. A signal consists of electrical or optical
patterns
that are transmitted from one connected device to
another.

There are three common methods of signal

transmission used
in networks:
• Electrical signals - Transmission is achieved by
representing data as electrical pulses on copper wire.
• Optical signals - Transmission is achieved by
converting
the electrical signals into light pulses.
• Wireless signals - Transmission is achieved by using
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 1.3 Bandwidth and Throughput

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Bandwidth and Throughput
Bandwidth

Bandwidth is the capacity of a medium to carry data. Digital bandwidth measures the amount of data
that can flow from one place to another in a given amount of time. Bandwidth is typically measured in
the number of bits that (theoretically) can be sent across the media in a second.
 Unit of Bandwidth Abbreviation Equivalence
Bits per second bps 1 bps = fundamental unit of bandwidth Kilobyte: Thousands of bits per second kbps 1 kbps = 1,000 bps = 103 bps
Megabyte: Millions of bits per second Mbps 1 Mbps = 1,000,000 bps = 106 bps Gigabyte: Billions of bits per second Gbps 1 Gbps =
1,000,000,000 bps = 109 bps Terabyte: Trillions of bits per second Tbps 1 Tbps = 1,000,000,000,000 bps = 1012 bps

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Bandwidth and Throughput
Video - Throughput
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Bandwidth and Throughput
Throughput
Like bandwidth, throughput is the measure of the transfer of bits across the media over a
given period of time. However, due to a number of factors, throughput does not usually match
the specified bandwidth. Many factors influence throughput including:

• The amount of data being sent and received over the connection
• The types of data being transmitted
• The latency created by the number of network devices encountered between source and
destination

Latency refers to the amount of time, including delays, for data to travel from one given point
to another.

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1.4 Clients and Servers

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Clients and Servers
Clients and Server Roles
Clients are computer hosts that have software installed that enables the hosts to request and display
the information obtained from the server. Servers are hosts that have software installed which
enable them to provide information, like email or web pages, to other hosts on the network.

Type Description
 Email The email server runs email server software. Clients use mail client software, such as Microsoft Outlook, to access
email on the server.
Web The web server runs web server software. Clients use browser software, such as Windows Internet Explorer, to access web
pages on the server.

File The file server stores corporate and user files in a central location. The client devices access these files with client
software such as the Windows File Explorer.

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Clients and Servers
Peer-to-Peer Networks
In small businesses and homes, many computers function as the servers and clients on the network.
This type of network is called a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. The simplest P2P network consists of
two directly connected computers using either a wired or wireless connection.

Advantages of P2P:
• Easy to set up
• Less complex than other networks
• Lower cost because network
devices and dedicated servers may
not be required • Can be used for
simple tasks such
 as transferring files and sharing
printers

Disadvantages of P2P:
• No central administration
• Not as secure as other networks
• Not scalable
• All devices may act as both clients and server which can slow their performance

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Clients and Servers
Peer-to-Peer Applications
A P2P application allows a device to act as both a client and a server within the same communication,
as shown in the figure. In this model, every client is a server and every server is a client. P2P
applications require that each end device provide a user interface and run a background service. In the
figure, both clients can simultaneously send and receive messages.
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Clients and Servers shown in the figure.
Additionally, a single
Multiple Roles in the Network
A computer with server
software can provide
services simultaneously to
one or many clients, as
computer can run multiple
types of server software. In a
home or small business, it
may be necessary for one
computer to act as a file
server, a web server, and an
email server.

37

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 1.5 Network Components

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Network Components
Video - Network Infrastructure Symbols
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Network Components
The network infrastructure contains three
Network Infrastructure categories of hardware components, as
shown in the figure:

• End devices
• Intermediate devices
• Network media

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Network Components
End Devices
The network devices that people are most familiar
with are called end devices, or hosts. These devices
form the interface between users and the underlying
communication network.

Some examples of end devices are as follows:

• Computers (workstations, laptops, file servers,

web servers)
• Network printers
• Telephones and teleconferencing equipment
• Security cameras
• Mobile devices (such as smart phones, tablets,
PDAs, and wireless debit/credit card readers
and barcode scanners)

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Network Components
Lab - My Local Network

In this lab, you will complete the following objectives:

• Record all the different network-attached devices in your home or classroom.

• Investigate how each device connects to the network to send and receive information. •
Create a diagram showing the topology of your network.
• Label each device with its function within the network.

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 1.6 Communications in a
Connected World
Summary

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Communications in a Connected World Summary
What Did I Learn in this Module?
• The internet is a worldwide collection of interconnected networks cooperating with each other to
exchange information using common standards.
• Some types of networks that you may use are small home, SOHO, medium to large networks such
 as those created by corporations and schools, and the internet.
• Mobile devices include smart phones, tablets, smart watches, and smart glasses. • Connected home
devices include security systems, smart appliances and TVs, and gaming consoles. • Other connected
devices include smart cars, RFIDs, sensors/actuators, and medical devices. • Types of personal data
are categorized as volunteered, observed, and inferred.
• Each bit can only have one of two possible values, 0 or 1. Each group of eight bits is known as a
byte.
• There are three common methods of signal transmission used in networks: electrical signals, optical
signals, and wireless signals.
• Bandwidth is typically measured in the number of bits that (theoretically) can be sent across the
media in a second.
• Many factors influence throughput including: the amount of data being sent and received over the
connection, the types of data being transmitted, and the latency created by the number of network
devices encountered between source and destination. You can measure your throughput by going
to [Link].
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Communications in a Connected World Summary
What Did I Learn in this Module? (Cont.)
• Clients are computer hosts that have software installed that enables the hosts to request and display
the information obtained from the server. Servers are hosts that have software installed which
enable them to provide information, like email or web pages, to other hosts on the network.
• The simplest P2P network consists of two directly connected computers using either a wired or
 wireless connection.
• A P2P application allows a device to act as both a client and a server within the same
communication.
• A computer with server software can provide services simultaneously to one or many clients.
Additionally, a single computer can run multiple types of server software.
• The network infrastructure contains three categories of hardware components: end devices,
intermediate devices, and network media.
• The network devices that people are most familiar with are called end devices, or hosts. These
devices form the interface between users and the underlying communication network.

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Communications in a Connected World Summary Module

1 – New Terms and Commands

(SOHO) network • smartwatch
• internet • medium to large network • • smart glasses
• small home network smartphone • connected home devices •
• small office and home office • tablet smart car
• RFID tag • bandwidth peer-to-peer applications • end
• sensor • throughput device
• actuator • bits per second (bps) • intermediate (intermediary)
• volunteered data • kilobyte (kbps) device
• observed data • megabyte (Mbps) • network media
• inferred data • gigabyte (Gbps) • wireless router
• bit • terabyte (TBps) • LAN switch
• American Standard Code for • client • router
Information Interchange (ASCII) • • server • multilayer switch
media • email server • firewall appliance
• electrical signal • web server • wireless media
• optical signal • file server • LAN media
• wireless signal • peer-to-peer (P2P) network • • WAN media

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