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Integer

Integers encompass all whole numbers and their negatives, represented by the symbol Z, including positive integers, negative integers, and zero. Key properties of integers include closure, commutative, associative, and identity properties for addition and multiplication, along with operational rules for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The order of operations must be followed when simplifying expressions, adhering to the BODMAS/PEMDAS hierarchy.

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4 views2 pages

Integer

Integers encompass all whole numbers and their negatives, represented by the symbol Z, including positive integers, negative integers, and zero. Key properties of integers include closure, commutative, associative, and identity properties for addition and multiplication, along with operational rules for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The order of operations must be followed when simplifying expressions, adhering to the BODMAS/PEMDAS hierarchy.

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bhavyakapilsharma2015
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ntegers are a set of numbers that include all whole numbers and their negative

counterparts, extending infinitely in both directions without any fractional or decimal


components. The set is represented by the symbol \(\mathbb{Z}\) and is written as \(\
mathbb{Z} = \{..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...\}\).
Here is a comprehensive breakdown of the properties, rules, and operations governing
integers.

Core Conceptual Framework

 Positive Integers: Numbers greater than zero (\(1, 2, 3, ...\)), representing gains,
heights above sea level, or rightward movement.
 Negative Integers: Numbers less than zero (\(-1, -2, -3, ...\)), representing losses,
depths below sea level, or leftward movement.
 Zero (\(0\)): A neutral integer that is neither positive nor negative, serving as the origin
on a number line.
 Absolute Value: The distance of an integer from zero, always resulting in a non-
negative value. It is denoted by vertical bars: \(\vert{}-7\vert{} = 7\) and \(\vert{}7\vert{} =
7\).

Mathematical Properties of Operations

Integer operations are governed by four fundamental algebraic properties.

Property Addition (\(a + b\)) Multiplication (\(a \times b\))


Closure Always results in an integer. Always results in an integer.
Order does not matter: \(a + b = b +
Commutative Order does not matter: \(a \times b = b \times a\).
a\).
Grouping does not matter: \((a + b) Grouping does not matter: \((a \times b) \times c
Associative
+ c = a + (b + c)\). = a \times (b \times c)\).
The identity element is \(0\): \(a + 0
Identity The identity element is \(1\): \(a \times 1 = a\).
= a\).
 Distributive Property: Multiplication distributes over addition and subtraction:
\(a\times (b+c)=(a\times b)+(a\times c)\)
Operational Rules and Sign Conventions

1. Addition and Subtraction

 Same Signs: Add the absolute values and retain the common sign.
\(\text{Example:\ }(-5)+(-8)=-13\)
 Different Signs: Find the difference between the absolute values and apply the sign of
the integer with the larger absolute value.
\(\text{Example:\ }(-12)+7=-5\)
 Subtracting a Negative: Subtracting an integer is equivalent to adding its additive
inverse (change the minus-minus to a plus).
\(a-(-b)=a+b\implies 6-(-4)=6+4=10\)
2. Multiplication and Division
 Like Signs: Multiplying or dividing two integers with the same sign always yields a
positive result.
\((+)\times (+)=(+)\quad \text{and}\quad (-)\times (-)=(+)\)
\(\text{Example:\ }(-6)\times (-4)=24\)
 Unlike Signs: Multiplying or dividing two integers with different signs always yields a
negative result.
\((+)\times (-)=(-)\quad \text{and}\quad (-)\times (+)=(-)\)
\(\text{Example:\ }15\div (-3)=-5\)

Order of Operations (BODMAS / PEMDAS)

When simplifying multi-operational integer expressions, steps must strictly follow this
hierarchy:

1. Brackets / Parentheses ( ), { }, [ ]
2. Orders / Exponents and Roots
3. Division and Multiplication (from left to right)
4.

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