COLEGIO DE SAN JOSE JARO, ILOILO CITY, INC.

E. Lopez St., Brgy. Our Lady of Fatima, Jaro, Iloilo City

Contact Numbers: (033) 329-1595 or 329-4151 Fax Number (033) 329-6629
Member: Daughters of Charity - St. Louise de Mariilac Educational System

Integrated Basic Education Department

Activity Set # 2 in Statistics & Probability – Grade 11 - HUMSS 1 & 2 and ABM
Fourth Quarter
Name: _______________________ Grade 11 – ______ Section: _______________
Introduction:
Every day you always tend to describe things based on what you see or what you perceived. When
you buy a kilo of rice from a rice store, you don’t need to see the whole contents of tons or sacks of rice,
a handful of it is enough to describe the whole characteristics of that rice. A restaurant manager looked at
the average time (in minutes) it takes customers to be served in the restaurants. Of the hundreds or
perhaps thousands of customers, the manager may consider only 40 samples of customers to be asked on
this matter.
The idea is that, we try to get an impression that best describes the object as a whole. In the case
of the rice, we try to describe its characteristics based on a sample of a handful of rice. The manager
estimates the actual average of time (in minutes) it takes customers to be served in the restaurant by
considering about 40 random customers.
Let’s Start!

You will be introduced to terms involving estimation of parameters and computing for the point
estimate of the population mean and estimator of the population standard deviation.
A. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct term to make a true statement. (6 pts.)
1. A ___________________ is a characteristic of the population which is usually unknown and
needs to be estimated.
2. A ___________________ is computed from a random sample and hence, it is known and is
used to estimate the unknown parameter.
3. A ____________________ is a single value used to estimate a population parameter.
4. A range of values called ____________________ is also used to estimate a population
parameter.
5. A good estimator is both __________________ and __________________.
6. A good estimator has no ________________.

B. The example below is your guide to compute for the point estimate of the population mean and standard
deviation.
Mr. Santiago’s company sells bottled coconut juice. He claims that a bottle contains 500 ml of such
juice. A consumer group wanted to know if his claim is true. They took six random samples of 10
bottles and obtained the capacity in ml of each bottle. The result is shown as follows:

Based on the random samples of 10, the point estimate of the population mean is 497.83.
We interpret the result by saying that the claim is different from the computed value. That is,
the computed mean 497.83ml based on the sample is less than the claimed value of 500 ml.

Now, based on the sample result, you may decide whether to continue patronizing the product.
Grade 11- Stat&Prob 4th Qtr-Act.Set2
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 To compute for the standard deviation:
1. Find the sum of the values 𝑠2 =
∑(𝑋−𝑋)2

in the numerator and divide it 𝑛−1

(499.33−497.83)2 + (497.33−497.83)2 +⋯+(496.83−497.83)2
by 9. =
10−1
𝑠 = 0.5
2

This result is called the variance.

2. Extract the square root of the s = 0.71
variance. This value is called standard deviation.

B. Directions: Provide the missing information in the solution. s

The following salaries (in pesos) were obtained from a sample of 12 executive secretaries:

7,500 13,000 10,300 10,600 7,600 8,350

8,400 5,800 6,300 9,200 7,500 9,466

a. Find the point estimate. Formula: X =

𝛴𝑋
where X is the salary
𝑛
X = __________

b. Compute the standard Formula: 𝑠 2 =

∑(𝑋−𝑋)2

deviation. 𝑛−1
(7,500 − ________)2 + (8,400 − ________)2 +⋯+(9,466 −________)2
=
−1
𝑠 2 = _______
𝑠 = _______
Let’s Move-on!

When we describe population values, we want to be confident about our estimates. A point estimate
with its limitation cannot information about how close we are to the true value of the parameter being
estimated. With this, we can use a range of values. This range of values is called interval estimate or
confidence interval. The confidence interval gives the information about the confidence one has on
the given estimate based on its precision. Often, this information is essential to the proper
interpretation of the sample.

The general format for a confidence interval (CI) is given by

point estimate ± margin of error

𝑿−𝑬<𝝁 <𝑿+ 𝑬
The margin of error is a multiple of the standard error (SE), i.e. given a sample mean as a point
𝝈
estimate, then we have Sample Mean ± SE of the Mean = x ± 𝒏
√

A degree of confidence (generally in percent such as 95%) can be assigned before an interval
estimate is prepared. The following are confidence levels:

90% Confidence 95% Confidence 99% Confidence

The 90% confidence interval is The 95% confidence interval is The 99% confidence interval is
the proportion of the area bound the proportion of the area bound the proportion of the area bound
by Z = - 1.65 and z = +1.65. by z = -1.96 and z = +1.96. by z = -2.58 and z = +2.58.

If the confidence is 90%, then If the confidence is 95%, then If the confidence is 99%, then
the 𝛼 is the remaining 10% or the 𝛼 is the remaining 5% or the 𝛼 is the remaining 1% or
0.1. 0.05. 0.01.

The most commonly used confidence intervals:

1− 𝛼 𝛼 𝛼/2 𝒁_(𝜶/𝟐)
0.90 0.10 0.05 1.65
0.95 0.05 0.025 1.96
0.99 0.01 0.005 2.58

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 These intervals are said to be interval estimates for the population mean as they provide a
range of values within which we are confident that the true value of the population mean
𝝈
lies. The margin of error 𝐳𝛂 ( ) (read as “zee sub alpha over 2) denoted by E, which is
𝟐 √𝒏
defined as the maximum likely difference between the observed sample mean and the
true value of the population mean 𝜇. Thus, another way of writing the formula for finding
the confidence interval for the population parameter 𝜇 is:
𝝈
𝑿−𝑬<𝝁 <𝑿+ 𝑬 where E = 𝐳𝛂 ( ).
𝟐 √𝒏

Directions: Fill in the missing information.

A researcher wants to estimate the number of hours that 5-year old children spend watching
television. A sample of 50 five-year old children was observed to have a mean viewing time of 3 hours. The
population is normally distributed with a population standard deviation 𝜎 = 0.5 hours, find:
a. the point estimate of the population mean
b. the 95% confidence interval of the population mean.

a. point estimate
Steps Solution
a. Describe the population The parameter of interest is the _____________ of the TV viewing
parameter of interest. time of all 5-year old children.

b. Check the assumptions. The sample size of _________ children is large enough for the
Central Limit Theorem to hold. So, the sampling distribution of
means is normal.
c. Determine the test
statistic to be used to The test statistic is the z, using 𝜎 = ____________
calculate the interval.
d. State the level of
confidence. The question asks for a __________ confidence or 𝛼 = ___________
This means that if more random samples were taken from the
target population, and an interval estimate is made for each
sample, then 95% of the intervals will contain the true parameter
value.

e. Collect the sample

information. The sample information consists of X = ______, n = ________,
𝜎 = ____________

f. Find the point estimate. The point estimate for the population mean is __________.

b. 95% confidence interval

a. Determine the confidence
coefficient. The confidence coefficient is ________.
b. Find the maximum error E. E = zα ( )
𝜎
2 √𝑛

= _______ = _________

c. Find the lower and the upper 𝑋−𝐸 <𝜇 <𝑋+ 𝐸

confidence limits.
________ - ________ < 𝜇 < ________ + ________

_____________________
d. Describe the results. Thus, we can say with 95% confidence that the interval between
___________ hours and ___________ hours contain the
population mean 𝜇 based on 50 five-year old children’s TV
viewing time.

Grade 11- Stat&Prob 4th Qtr-Act.Set2

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Let’s Go Beyond!

This part will enhance your understanding on the computation of the confidence interval.

Directions: Perform what is being asked for.

1. The mean and standard deviation for the quality point indices (QPI) of a random sample of 36 San
Juan college sophomores are 2.6 and 0.3 respectively. Find the 95% and 99% confidence intervals
for the mean of the entire sophomore batch. Show your solution.

2. The contents of 8 similar bottles of acetic acid are 110, 112, 111, 109, 107, 113, 110, and 109
mm. Find the 95% confidence interval for the mean of all such bottles, assuming an approximate
normal distribution for the population of the acetic acid contents.

April 2024

Grade 11- Stat&Prob 4th Qtr-Act.Set2

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