Renaissance/ Elizabethen period / Shakespear's period

Rebirth of knowledge
1450-1660

Importance /
Background Events Literature
characteristics

-Invention of printing Elizabethen theatre-- queen support to art and lit..newness in

press by Johannes form like tragycomedy, triaology comedy etc
-King Henry VIII's
Gutenberg- 1450 imperial Humaism
-Press in UAE by sovereignty, elizabethen drama
Wiilliam Caxton in Philip Sudney-
declaration of Elizabehen pose adn poetry Criticism, prose
1476 independance
Independent inquiry fiction
-Fall of from papal
constantinopole- overleadership, Metaphysical elements Edmund
Fleeing Greek to asserted in 1533- Specser-Faire
female character on stage
Europ/Itly preamble to the Queen
act fo pariliament development of open thinking
-Tudor Dynasty 1485- William
progress in all domains of life Shakespeare
1603, king tudor
supported english a - parliament cut greek literature and work spread arround euripe Christopher
lot off future legal vasco da gama circum nevigated the earth Marlow
-compas discovered referenfe to columbus found america John flectcher
superior authority John Lyly
-Discovery of America coper discovered solar system
of rome---
1492 Galleleo-- Thomas
procalimed king
- Start of Protestant bein only church authority got weakend and human mind become more Midelton-
Reformation 1517 authority logical and scientific Paradise Lost
- English reformation -no more Thomas Kyd
Humanism developed as centre offocus/ contemplation --before
1533 interfarence from was religion and churcha and devine Ben Jhonson
- Technological any foreign prince
indivitual got focus
innovation-rise of or potentates
humanism Thomas More in Itly wroter Utopia in Latin (1516)
-- Martin luther
(1517)(a religious human nature, interest, behaviours, strengths and weakness in
reformer)--- focus
(people bring same can bee seen in the work of shakespear and marlow
positive changes
men responsible for his actions e.g Julius ceasur roman king at
in relions)--he
whom Shakespear wrote a play/ drama
wrote 95 thesis &
pasted on focs on material worls / external worls
churches--in thesis sensitiveness towards beauty and esthetic sense
he has criticized elizabeth time---drama in trend
many of the
practives and university wits--qualified people attached with oxford an Drama in lead
rituals of Roman cabmbridge
catholic church--- Marlow, Lilly, George peele, thomas Kyd, robert green
(god do not wash
sins by taking
money), now a Marlow: 1564 birth, 1593 death
new sect in shakespear 1564born, 1616 death
christianity 1587 1st play tamburlaine--written in blank verse and sensitive
(catholic) with a to beauty
name of
protestants- later dr faustus-tragic history by marlow--story of scholar who sells
called protestans his soul to satin for worldly enjoymen--
reformation- spirtual matters adn money in focus in this time
- his writings were Shakespear-imaginaive, romantic, element, almost all type of
read widely charactere in his plays--human psychology, greed and other
he translated bible human nature element--dramatist
new testiments, wrote 37 play, 154 sonnets, 2 narrative poems, 24 years litrary
5k copies printed career
and sold like hot in start he worked as revisor of old plays like hennry 6, comedy
cake-- thats why of errors, richard-iii, romeo juliet
he said "printing
is the ultimate gift chronological plays like richard-ii, merchant of venus(tragedy)
of god and the (conflict of jew and christian, 12th night
greatest one" greatest tragedy adn bitter comedy-Julius cessor (based on real
story), hamlet, otherlo king lear, macbeth etc
new words added comedy and romance- the tempest, the winter's tale
Malow--tragedy more in writuing
ben johnson (1573-1637death)-- style classist, moralilst,
reformer, satirical element, social reforms, realistic portyl,
comedy writer--volpone, every man in his humor etc, gave
theory of humor--classical writer--work governed by logic
 Tudor poets: poets in court of kings / queens

DRAMA Poetry Prose

university wits shakespeare- famous for philip sydney-- Arcadia kind

Shakespeare---king lear- powerful dialogues-- is pastoral romance)--full of
prose poetry, themes are-- sonnets, narrative poems, pathetic falacy(it attributes
loyalty, madnerss, power venus and adonis- and human emotion to natureal
sonnet 18, sonnet 116 etc-- or non natural elements),
marlow- dr faustus--form is written in iambic pentametr, john lyly-Euphues - replete
blank verse and free verse have 14 lines. have rymic ith maxims,alliteration,
both--unrhymic iambic scheme, theme is: stability antithesis(used for
pentameter---tragedy-- of love and its power to decoration, opposie one
themes are folly(foolishness) immortaloze someone statement to another)--full
of ambition, true versus edmund spenser--faere of allusions// referrences
illusive power, good versus queene-epic--written (means with historical
evil---writer oresents pride delibrately in archaic style-- examples-so are literate)
as sin--irony is excessive verse form called spenserian francis bacon-Essays
pride od dr anf his faith in verse , blend of medieval
his ownmortal powers to and elizabethen age-
command the service of allegory in trend--lyrical--
devil shivalric- theme is the
importance of performing language quiety refined and
one's duty and accepting flowery
ben jonson--everyman in resposibility to complete the grandiloquent phrases
his humour- 5act play- quest and virtue
satiristic play, in prologue
ben says he wrote it being in
trend and secondly he philip sydney-1554-
desired to make ppl laugh 1586(soldier , poet,
like kids--loved by courtier)--queen said for
shakespear that he acted in him as one of the jewels of
it as well--- drama setting her crown, verstyle, sonnet
urban middle and lower sequence is his imp work,
class--satiristic nature,every Astrophil and stella---
charcater important themes: SYDNEY'S poetry--
it examins what it mean to apology(greek word
be authentic, mankind apologia--argument) for
fokkies, power of law, youth poetry-wrote to response
vs old, city vs country, imp on Litrary criticism/charges
of harmony, humour to defense poetry--have
7parta-has 2 editions--,
Faere Queene by Edmund Spencer:

3 volume epic

Allegorical

Romantic—have chivalric code-based legend

Imaginary/ out of reality mythological characters like dragons, beast, wood gods etc

Moral lessons---qualities of a knight

Themes (universal ideas):

1. Virtue:
Edmund wants reader to learn good virtue to be cultivated in life---what those virtues can be—epic clear
who can be hero or villains and what good behaviors look like
2. Interdependent of the virtues:
No signal virtue is greater than the rest. While Some are superior than other—they require one another to
strengthen the integrity of the whole person.
3. Chivalric society and social class
Spenser choose to set his poem in a romanticized medieval fantasy world full of knight’s monsters and
damsels in distress. This way he gives power to his allegorical statements and same time criticism to feudal
Britain, (and class system his own age inherited it). along with virtuous knights, Spenser included noble
savage, honorable squires and even battle-hardened women. The knight who is supposed to be the ideal
virtue are often the most wrong-headed characters in the epic.
4. Christian humanism (all human hv equal rights)
While ostensibly, constructing an epic devoted to theological virtue of the Cristian faith. Spenser cannot
resist including his beloved classical mythology and legends in the work. Alongside the redcross knight the
half satyre Satyrane; Calidone, the knight of courtesy, spends time with rustic shepherded and magical
storyteller; and the virtuous queen of England herself is depicted as Gliriana , queen of faere. To Spenser
there was no contradiction between classical aesthetic value and protestant Christianity.
5. Protestantism vs catholism:
Although faere queene can be read as simple allegory of virtue, there are too many over criticisms of the
catholic church to keep the work theologically neutral. The monster Error vomits catholic tracts upon
redcross I book 1. Throughout the epic, Godliness is equated with protestants theology, while falsehood and
destruction of lives are attributed to Catholic sources.
6. Chastity: (pakdamni)
Spenser makes much of female chastity. Britomart is is the ideal of chastity, yet she does not seek to remain
a maiden; her quest to find the man she has fallen in love with and marry him. Arthur himself looks forward
to the day when he will woo and win the faire queen herself. Each of these strong female figures pints to the
real life queen whose continued celibacy caused great concern among many of her subjects (who feared she
would leave no hier to continue her gloious reign). In some ways, the entire epic is not dedicated to qeen
Elizabeth 1 but it also aims to change her mind and push her mind into accepting a suitor.