Friction Class 8

Friction is a force opposing motion. Friction is a force that slows things down.

It acts between touching surfaces. **Definition**: **What is Friction**: It stops moving objects after some time.

It tries to stop objects from moving. It acts when objects touch each other.

Push a book, and it stops soon. A car slows when brakes are pressed.

Friction acts opposite to the push. **How It Works**: 1. Introduction **Everyday Examples**: A bicycle stops when you stop pedalling.

It resists the book’s movement. A ball rolling on ground halts eventually.

2. Force of Friction
If you push left, friction acts right. Friction affects how we move things.

If you push right, friction acts left. **Direction**: **Why It Matters**: It explains why we slip on wet floors.

It always fights the applied force. It’s part of daily life activities.

Friction is present in all motion.

Rough surfaces have more friction.
It works where surfaces meet. **Key Fact**:
**Surface Smoothness**: Smooth surfaces have less friction.
It’s why things don’t slide forever.
Surface type changes friction’s strength.

It stops objects from starting to move. Surfaces have tiny bumps and dips.

It acts when an object is at rest. **Static Friction**: **Surface Irregularities**: These bumps lock when surfaces meet.

It’s stronger than other frictions. More bumps mean more friction.

It acts when objects slide over each

3. Factors Affecting Friction Pressing surfaces harder increases
other. friction.

It’s less than static friction. **Sliding Friction**: **Pressure Between Surfaces**: Less pressure reduces friction.

It keeps objects moving slower. Force between surfaces affects friction.

4. Types of Friction
Starting a box needs more force. A brick slides easier on polythene.

Moving it needs less force. **Comparison**: **Examples**: It’s harder to move on jute cloth.

Sliding is easier than starting. A heavy mat is tougher to drag.

Pushing a heavy box feels harder at first.

Friction lets us hold things tightly.
Once it moves, it’s easier to push. **Example**:
**Why It’s Helpful**: It helps us walk without slipping.
This shows static and sliding friction.
It keeps nails fixed in walls.

Writing needs friction to grip the pen.

**Helpful Examples**: Tyres stop cars due to road friction.

More friction helps grip surfaces. Chalk sticks to boards because of

friction.
It stops slipping in some cases. **Why Increase It**:
Friction wears out shoes and tyres.
It makes tasks safer.
5. Friction: A Necessary Evil **Why It’s Harmful**: It makes machines lose energy.
Shoe soles are grooved for grip.
It produces unwanted heat.
Tyres have treads to hold roads. **Methods**: 6. Increasing Friction
Soles of shoes get worn over time.
Brake pads use friction to stop wheels.
**Harmful Examples**: Mixer jars heat up when used.
Kabaddi players rub hands with soil.
Matchsticks catch fire due to friction.
Gymnasts use powder for better hold. **Examples**:
Friction is both good and bad.
Spikes in shoes increase grip.
**Key Fact**: It helps and harms in different ways.

We need it but try to control it.

Less friction makes movement easier.

**Why Reduce It**: It saves energy in machines.

It improves efficiency.

It’s friction when objects roll over Lubricants like oil reduce friction.
surfaces.
**Methods**: Grease smooths moving parts.
It’s less than sliding friction. **What is Rolling Friction**:
Powder on carrom boards helps coins
Rolling is easier than sliding. slide.

Wheels make heavy loads easy to move. They form a layer between surfaces.

They reduce resistance to motion. **Why It Helps**: 7. Reducing Friction **Lubricants**: This stops surfaces from locking.

They save effort in transport. Movement becomes smoother.

8. Wheels and Rolling Friction
Luggage with rollers moves smoothly. Oil on door hinges makes them swing.

Ball bearings help fans spin easily. **Examples**: **Examples**: Grease in bicycles eases pedalling.

Logs under machines make them movable. Air cushions reduce friction in machines.

Wheels are a great invention. Friction can’t be zero.

They lower friction for efficiency. **Key Fact**: **Key Fact**: Even smooth surfaces have some friction.

Rolling replaces sliding in machines. Lubricants only lower it.

Fluids like air and water cause friction.

**What is It**: It’s called drag or fluid friction.

It slows objects moving through fluids.

Faster movement increases drag.

**Factors Affecting It**: Object shape changes friction.

Fluid type affects resistance.

Aeroplanes face air friction.

9. Fluid Friction **Examples**: Boats feel water resistance.

Both lose energy to drag.

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Special shapes lower fluid friction.

**Reducing Fluid Friction**: Birds and fish have streamlined bodies.

Aeroplanes copy these shapes.

Nature inspires low-friction designs.

**Key Fact**: Streamlined shapes save energy.

Vehicles use them to move faster.