Algebra (Basic Identities)

Basic Identities

2 2 2
(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑏
2 2 2
(𝑎 − 𝑏) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2𝑎𝑏
2 2
𝑎 − 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
2 2 2 2
(𝑎 + 𝑏) + (𝑎 − 𝑏) = 2 𝑎 + 𝑏 ( )
2 2
(𝑎 + 𝑏) − (𝑎 − 𝑏) = 4𝑎𝑏

2 2
Example 1: If 𝑝 + 𝑞 = 12 and 𝑝𝑞 = 14, then find the value of 𝑝 − 𝑝𝑞 + 𝑞 .

Solution:

Given:

𝑝 + 𝑞 = 12𝑝𝑞 = 14

Formula used:
2 2 2
(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑎 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏

Calculation:

⇒ 𝑝 + 𝑞 = 12

square on both side

2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒(𝑝 + 𝑞) = 12 ⇒ 𝑝 + 2𝑝𝑞 + 𝑞 = 144 ⇒ 𝑝 + 2×14 + 𝑞 = 144

(put, pq = 14)
2 2
⇒ 𝑝 + 𝑞 = 144 − 28 = 116

Now,
2 2
⇒ 𝑝 − 𝑝𝑞 + 𝑞 = 116 − 14 = 102.

∴ The correct answer is 102.

 2 2
Example 2: If 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 9 and 𝑎𝑏 = 20, then 𝑎 + 𝑏 .

Solution:

Applying the formula

2 2 2
(𝑎 − 𝑏) = 𝑎 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏
2 2 2
⇒ 9 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2 × 20
2 2
⇒81 + 40 = 𝑎 + 𝑏
2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 121

∴ The correct answer is 121.

2 2
Example 3: Simplify the expression: (𝑐 + 𝑑) − (𝑐 − 𝑑)

Solution:

Formula used:
2 2
𝑎 − 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
Calculation:
2 2
⇒(𝑐 + 𝑑) − (𝑐 − 𝑑)

⇒(𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑐 − 𝑑)(𝑐 + 𝑑 − (𝑐 − 𝑑))

⇒2𝑐 × (𝑐 + 𝑑 − 𝑐 + 𝑑)

⇒2𝑐 × 2 𝑑 = 4 𝑐𝑑

∴ The correct answer is 4cd.

1
Type 1: If 𝑥 + 𝑥
= 𝑛 then

Case 1:-

2 1 2
𝑥 + 2 =𝑛 − 2
𝑥
 4 2 2
𝑥 +
𝑥
1
4 (
= 𝑛 − 2 ) − 2

(( )
8 2 2
𝑥 +
1
8
𝑥
= 𝑛 − 2 ) − 2 − 2

Case 2:-

3 1 3
𝑥 + 3 = 𝑛 − 3𝑛
𝑥

6 3 2
𝑥 +
1
𝑥
6 = 𝑛 − 3𝑛 ( ) −2

Note :- When the power of the second expression is double the power of the
first expression, to find the value of the second expression, the value which will
be equal to the first expression is squared and subtracted by 2.

Case 3:-
5
⇒𝑥 +
1
𝑥
5 (
= 𝑥 +
2 1
2
𝑥 )(𝑥 + ) − (𝑥 +
3 1
3
𝑥
1
𝑥 ) = (𝑛 2
)(
− 2 𝑛 − 3𝑛 − 𝑛
3
)
Explanation:
2 1 3 1
● For power 5 , we write power 2 as 𝑥 + 2 and power 3 as 𝑥 + 3
𝑥 𝑥

1
● Subtract the power 1 term, i.e., 𝑥 + 𝑥
.

Similarly, we can write:

( )( )
2
7
⇒𝑥 +
1
𝑥
7 = 𝑥 +
3 1
𝑥
3 𝑥 +
4 1
𝑥
4 − 𝑥 + ( 1
𝑥 ) = (𝑛 3
− 3𝑛 ⎡⎢ 𝑛 − 2
⎣
2
)( ) − 2⎤⎥ − 𝑛
⎦
Explanation:
3 1 4 1
● For power 7 , we write power 3 as 𝑥 + 3 and power 4 as 𝑥 + 4 .
𝑥 𝑥
 1
● Subtract the power 1 term, i.e., 𝑥 + 𝑥
.

5 2 3
𝑥 +
1
5
𝑥
(
= 𝑛 − 2 𝑛 − 3𝑛 − 𝑛 )( )
2
= 𝑛 − 3𝑛 ⎡⎢ 𝑛 − 2 − 2⎤⎥ − 𝑛
7 3 2
𝑥 +
1
7
𝑥 ⎣
( )( ) ⎦

1
Example 4: 𝑥 + 𝑥
= 5 then find
2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1
(𝑖) 𝑥 + 2 (𝑖𝑖) 𝑥 + 3 (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑥 + 4 (𝑖𝑣) 𝑥 + 5 (𝑣) 𝑥 + 6 (𝑣𝑖) 𝑥 + 7
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

Solution:
1
Given: 𝑥 + 𝑥
=5

2 1 2 2
(i) 𝑥 + 2 = 𝑛 − 2 = 5 − 2 = 25 − 2 = 23
𝑥

3 1 3 3
(ii) 𝑥 + 3 = 𝑛 − 3𝑛 = 5 − 5 × 3 = 125 − 15 = 110
𝑥

4 2 2 2 2 2
(iii) 𝑥 +
1
𝑥
4 (
= 𝑛 − 2 ) − 2= ( 5 −2 ) − 2 = (25 − 2) − 2 = 527

5 2 3 2 3
(iv) 𝑥 +
1
𝑥
5 ( )(
= 𝑛 − 2 𝑛 − 3𝑛 − 𝑛 = 5 − 2 5 − 15 − 5 = 2525 ) ( )( )
2
= 𝑛 − 3𝑛 ⎡⎢ 𝑛 − 2 − 2⎤⎥ − 𝑛
7 3 2
(v) 𝑥 +
𝑥
1
7 ( ⎣
)( ) ⎦
Given 𝑛 = 5, substitute this value into the equation.
7 1
We get, 𝑥 + 7 = 57965
𝑥
 1
Type 2 : If 𝑥 − 𝑥
= 𝑛 then

2 1 2
𝑥 + 2 =𝑛 + 2
𝑥

3 1 3
𝑥 − 3 = 𝑛 + 3𝑛
𝑥

4 2 2
𝑥 +
𝑥
1
4 = 𝑛 + 2 ( ) − 2

5 2 3
𝑥 −
𝑥
1
5 (
= 𝑛 + 2 𝑛 + 3𝑛 − 𝑛 )( )
6 3 2
𝑥 +
1
𝑥
6 (
= 𝑛 + 3𝑛 ) + 2

1
Example 5: 𝑥 − 𝑥
= 3 then find
2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1
(𝑖) 𝑥 + 2 (𝑖𝑖) 𝑥 − 3 (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑥 + 4 (𝑖𝑣) 𝑥 − 5 (𝑣) 𝑥 + 6
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

Solution:
1
Given: 𝑥 + 𝑥
=5

2 1 2
(i) 𝑥 + 2 =𝑛 + 2
𝑥

Substitute 𝑛 = 3:
2 1 2
𝑥 + 2 = 3 + 2 = 9 + 2 = 11
𝑥

3 1 3
(ii) 𝑥 − 3 = 𝑛 + 3𝑛
𝑥

Substitute 𝑛 = 3:
3 1 3
𝑥 − 3 = 3 + 3(3) = 27 + 9 = 36
𝑥

4 2 2
(iii) 𝑥 +
1
𝑥
4 (
= 𝑛 + 2 ) −2

Substitute 𝑛 = 3 :
 4 2 2 2 2
𝑥 +
1
4
𝑥
= 3 +2 ( ) − 2 = (9 + 2) − 2 = 11 − 2 = 121 − 2 = 119

5 2 3
(iv) 𝑥 −
𝑥
1
5 (
= 𝑛 + 2 𝑛 + 3𝑛 − 𝑛 )( )
Substitute 𝑛 = 3 :
5 2 3
𝑥 −
1
5
𝑥
( )( )
= 3 + 2 3 + 3(3) − 3 = (9 + 2)(27 + 9) − 3 = 11(36) − 3 = 396 − 3 = 393

6 3 2
(v) 𝑥 +
1
6
𝑥
(
= 𝑛 + 3𝑛 ) +2

Substitute 𝑛 = 3 :

6 3 2 2 2
𝑥 +
1
6
𝑥
(
= 3 + 3(3) ) + 2 = (27 + 9) + 2 = 36 + 2 = 1296 + 2 = 1298

Type 3 : Concept of reverse

From a higher power expression to a lower power expression, you need to half
the power of the higher power expression or add 2 to the number equal to the
higher power expression to take the square root.

4 1
Example 6: 𝑥 + 4 = 47 then find
𝑥
1 1
(i) 𝑥 + 𝑥
(ii) 𝑥 − 𝑥

Solution:

Given equation:
4 1
𝑥 + 4 = 47
𝑥

Transforming the equation: We know that:

2 1
𝑥 + 2 = 47 + 2 = 49 = 7
𝑥

1
This is a common identity derived from squaring 𝑥 + 𝑥
and simplifying.
2 1
Now using another identity: Once we know 𝑥 + 2 = 7, we can find the value of
𝑥
1 1
𝑥+ 𝑥
and 𝑥 − 𝑥
using the following:
 1
𝑥+ 𝑥
= 7 + 2= 9= 3

Similarly,
1
𝑥− 𝑥
= 7 − 2= 5

Some special cases:

1 1 2
𝑥+ 𝑥
= 𝑛 , Then :- 𝑥 − 𝑥
= 𝑛 −4

1 1 2
𝑥− 𝑥
= 𝑛, Then :- 𝑥 + 𝑥
= 𝑛 +4

1 1
Example 7: If 𝑥 + 𝑥
= 5 find 𝑥 − 𝑥
.

Solution:

1 2
Using the identity 𝑥 − 𝑥
= 𝑛 − 4, where 𝑛 = 5 :

1 2
𝑥− 𝑥
= 5 − 4 = 25 − 4 = 21

1 2 1
Example 8: If 𝑥 + 𝑥
= 3 find 𝑥 − 2
𝑥

Solution:

Step 1: Use the identity:

2
𝑥 −
𝑥
1
2 (
= 𝑥 +
1
𝑥 )(𝑥 − ) 1
𝑥

1
Step 2: Find 𝑥 − 𝑥

1 2
using the identity 𝑥 − 𝑥
= 𝑛 − 4, where 𝑛 = 3 :

1 2
𝑥− 𝑥
= 3 − 4= 9 − 4= 5
Step 3: Multiply:
2 1
𝑥 − 2 = 3× 5 = 3 5
𝑥

Type 4: Concept of unequal coefficient

Given:
1
𝐾1𝑥 + 𝐾2𝑥
=𝑎

Step 1:
2 2 1 2 1
𝐾1𝑥 + 2 2 = 𝑎 − 2 × 𝐾1𝑥 × 𝐾2
𝐾2𝑥

Step 2:
3 3 1 3 1
𝐾1𝑥 + 3 3 = 𝑎 − 3𝑎 × 𝐾1𝑥 × 𝐾2
𝐾2𝑥

Note :- When there are different coefficients, then in all expressions they will be
like this.

1 2 1
Example 9: If 𝑥 + 2𝑥
= 4 then find 𝑥 + 2 .
4𝑥

Solution:

Step 1: Use the identity:

2
𝑥 +
1
4𝑥
2
2
= 𝑛 − 2× 𝑥 × ( 1
2𝑥 )
Where 𝑛 = 4.

Step 2: Substitute the values:

2 1 2 1
𝑥 + 2 = 4 − 2×1× 2
= 16 − 1 = 15
4𝑥
 1 3 1
Example 10: If 2𝑥 + 3𝑥
= 4 then find 8𝑥 + 3 .
27𝑥

Solution:

Step 1: Use the identity:

1 2 1
𝑥+ 2𝑥
= 𝑛 + 2×1× 2
, Where 𝑛 = 2.

Step 2: Substitute the values:

1 2 1
𝑥+ 2𝑥
= 2 + 2×1× 2
= 4+ 2 = 6

1 2 1
Example 11: If 5𝑥 − 4𝑥
= 6, 𝑥 > 0, then find the value of 25𝑥 − 2 .
16𝑥

Solution:

Step 1: Start by squaring both sides of the given equation:

1 2
(5𝑥)
2
− ( ) = (5𝑥 − )(5𝑥 + )
4𝑥
1
4𝑥
1
4𝑥
2
= 6× 6 + 4 × 5𝑥 ×
1
4𝑥

Step 2: Simplifying:

= 6× 41

= 6 41

Type 5: If 𝑁 = 𝑎 ± 𝑏
(where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are numbers):

Conditions: (i) Difference of squares of a number.

(ii) When the difference of a number is 1 . Then,

1
𝑥+ 𝑥
= 2× (the bigger number)

1
𝑥− 𝑥
= 2× (the smaller number)
 1
Example 12: If 𝑥 = 2 + 3, find 𝑥 + 𝑥

Solution:
Difference of square of a number is 1
Bigger number = 2
Smaller number = 3
1
𝑥+ 𝑥
= 2 × ( 𝐵𝑖𝑔 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 ) = 2 × 2 = 4

1 3
Example 13: If 𝑥 = 1 − 2 then find 𝑥 + ( 𝑥)
Solution:

Difference of square of a number is 1

Bigger number =− 2
Smaller number = 1

1 3
𝑥+
1
𝑥
= 2 × 𝑏𝑖𝑔𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑜 = 2× − 2 𝑥 + ( 𝑥) 3
= (− 2 2) =− 16 2

Some important points:

1
𝑥+ 𝑥
= 2 then 𝑥 = 1

1
𝑥+ 𝑥
=− 2 then 𝑥 =− 1

2
Type 6: Question based on (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)

2 2 2 2
1. (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑐)
2 2 2 2
2. (𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2(− 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑐)
 2 2 2 2
3. (𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2(𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑐)
2 2 2 2
4. (𝑎 − 𝑏 − 𝑐) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2(− 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑐)

Example 14: If 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 10 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 30, then the value of

2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 is ?
Solution:

Using the identity:

2 2 2 2
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)

Substitute the known values:

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(10) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2(30) 100 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 60
2 2 2
Now, solve for 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 :
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 100 − 60 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 40

Example 15: If 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐 = 5 and 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑐 = 10, then find the value of

2 2 2
𝑎 +𝑏 +𝑐 .
Solution:

Using the identity:

2 2 2 2
(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2(𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑐)

Substitute the known values:

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(5) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2(10) 25 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 20
2 2 2
Now, solve for 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 :
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 25 − 20 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 5
 3 3 3 3 3 3
Type 7: Question based on (𝑎 + 𝑏) , (𝑎 − 𝑏) & (𝑎 + 𝑏 ), (𝑎 − 𝑏 )
3 3 2 2 3
1. (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑎 + 3𝑎 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏
3 3 3
2. (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏)
3 3 2 2 3
3. (𝑎 − 𝑏) = 𝑎 − 3𝑎 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏
3 3 3
4. (𝑎 − 𝑏) = 𝑎 − 𝑏 − 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 − 𝑏)
3 3
(2
5. 𝑎 + 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏) 𝑎 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏
2
)
3 3 2 2
6. 𝑎 − 𝑏 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 )

3
Example 16: Expand (2𝑥 + 3𝑦)

Solution:
3 3
To expand (2𝑥 + 3𝑦) , you can use the formula for (𝑎 + 𝑏) :
3 3 2 2 3
(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑎 + 3𝑎 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏

Here, 𝑎 = 2𝑥 and 𝑏 = 3𝑦.

Now, apply the formula:

3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3
(2𝑥 + 3𝑦) = (2𝑥) + 3(2𝑥) (3𝑦) + 3(2𝑥)(3𝑦) + (3𝑦) 8𝑥 + 36𝑥 𝑦 + 54𝑥𝑦 + 27𝑦

3
Example 17: Expand (5𝑥 − 4𝑦)

Solution:
3 3 2 2 3
(𝑎 − 𝑏) = 𝑎 − 3𝑎 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏

Here, 𝑎 = 5𝑥 and 𝑏 = 4𝑦.

Now, apply the formula:

3 3 2 2 3
(5𝑥 − 4𝑦) = (5𝑥) − 3(5𝑥) (4𝑦) + 3(5𝑥)(4𝑦) − (4𝑦)
3 2 2 3
=125𝑥 − 300𝑥 𝑦 + 240𝑥𝑦 − 64𝑦
 3 3
Example 18: If (𝑎 − 𝑏) = 4 and 𝑎𝑏 = 2, then 𝑎 − 𝑏 ( ) is equal to ?
Solution:

Using the identity:

3 3 2 2
(
𝑎 − 𝑏 = (𝑎 − 𝑏) 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 )
2 2
We know 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 4 and 𝑎𝑏 = 2, but we need 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 . To find that, use the
identity:
2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = (𝑎 − 𝑏) + 2𝑎𝑏

Substitute the known values:

2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = (4) + 2(2) = 16 + 4 = 20
2 2
Now calculate 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 :
2 2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 = 20 + 2 = 22
3 3
Now, use the formula for 𝑎 − 𝑏 :
3 3 2 2
(
𝑎 − 𝑏 = (𝑎 − 𝑏) 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 ) = 4 × 22 = 88

3 3
Example 19: If (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 6 and 𝑎𝑏 = 8, then 𝑎 + 𝑏 ( ) is equal to?
Solution:

Using the identity:

3 3 2 2
(
𝑎 + 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏) 𝑎 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 )
2 2
We know 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 6 and 𝑎𝑏 = 8, but we need 𝑎 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 . To find that, use the
identity:
2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏) − 2𝑎𝑏

Substitute the known values:

2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = (6) − 2(8) = 36 − 16 = 20
2 2
Now calculate 𝑎 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 :
2 2 2 2
𝑎 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏 = 20 − 8 = 12
 3 3
Now, use the formula for 𝑎 + 𝑏 :
3 3 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏) 𝑎 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 ( ) = 6 × 12 = 72

3 3 3
Type 8: Question based on 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 ( )

3 3 3 2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑐 ( )
3 3 3 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) − 3(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑐) [ ]
3 3 3
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 =
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
2 [3(𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐2) − (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2]
3 3 3
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 =
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
2 [(𝑎 − 𝑏)2 + (𝑏 − 𝑐)2 + (𝑐 − 𝑎)2]

3 3 3
If 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0, then: 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 0
3 3 3
If 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0, then: 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 0
3 3 3
If 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐 = 0, then: 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐 + 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 0
3 3 3
If 𝑎 − 𝑏 − 𝑐 = 0, then: 𝑎 − 𝑏 − 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 0

2 2 2
Example 20: 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 10 , 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 20 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 30 find
3 3 3
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐.

Solution:

Using the identity:

3 3 3 2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − (𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)[ ]
Substitute the new values into the formula:
 3 3 3
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = (10)[20 − 30]

Simplify the equation:

3 3 3
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 10 × (20 − 30) = 10 × (− 10)

Calculate the final value:

3 3 3
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 10 × (− 10) =− 100

3 3 3
Example 21: 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 10 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 15. find 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐.

Solution:

Using the identity:

3 3 3 2
[
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) − 3(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎) ]
Substitute the given values:
3 3 3 2
[
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 10 (10) − 3(15) ]
3 3 3
𝑎 +𝑏 +𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 10[100 − 45] = 10 × 55 = 550

2 2 2 3 3 3
Example 22: 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 10 and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 20 find 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐.
Solution:

Using the identity:

3 3 3
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 =
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
2 [3(𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐2) − (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2]
Substitute the given values:
3 3 3
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 =
10
2 [3×20 − (10)2]
Simplify the equation:

= 5[60 − 100] = 5×(− 40) = − 200

 3 3 3
Example 23: If 𝑎 = 100, 𝑏 = 101&𝑐 = 102 find 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐.

Solution:

Using the identity:

3 3 3
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 =
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
2 [(𝑎 − 𝑏)2 + (𝑏 − 𝑐)2 + (𝑐 − 𝑎)2]
Calculate the sum 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 :

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 100 + 101 + 102 = 303

Calculate the differences:
2 2 2 2 2 2
(𝑎 − 𝑏) = (100 − 101) = 1 (𝑏 − 𝑐) = (101 − 102) = 1 (𝑐 − 𝑎) = (102 − 100) = 4

Substitute the values into the formula:

3 3 3 303 303
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 2
[1 + 1 + 4] = 2
×6

Simplify and calculate the result:

3 3 3
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 303 × 3 = 909

Type 9: Question based on 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑎 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏)

4 4 2 2 4 2 4 2

4 4 2 2 2 2 1 1
Example 24: 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑎 𝑏 = 50 and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 = 10 Find 2 + 2 using the
𝑎 𝑏
2 2
values of 𝑎 + 𝑏 and 𝑎𝑏.

Solution:

We know the identity:

4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
(
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏 )( )
Substitute the known values:
2 2
(
50 = 10 × 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏 )
2 2
Solve for 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏 :
2 2 50
𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏 = 10
=5
 2 2
Now, solve for 𝑎 + 𝑏 and 𝑎𝑏 :

Use the formulas:

2 2 2 2
𝑎 +𝑏 = (
2 2 𝑎 +𝑏 +𝑎𝑏) + (𝑎 +𝑏 −𝑎𝑏) 10 + 5
2
= 2
= 7. 5
2 2 2 2
𝑎𝑏 = (
𝑎 +𝑏 +𝑎𝑏) − (𝑎 +𝑏 −𝑎𝑏) 10 − 5
2
= 2
= 2. 5

1 1
Find 2 + 2 :
𝑎 𝑏

We use the identity:

2 2
1 1 𝑎 +𝑏
2 + 2 = 2
𝑎 𝑏 (𝑎𝑏)

Substitute the values:

1 1 7.5 7.5
2 + 2 = 2 = 6.25
𝑎 𝑏 (2.5)

7.5
Simplify: 6.25
= 1. 2

2 2 2
Type 10: Question based on Triplet (𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑐 )
Here are the Pythagorean triplets provided:

● 3, 4, 5

● 5, 12, 13

● 7, 24, 25

● 8, 6, 10

● 9, 40, 41

● 8, 15, 17

● 11, 60, 61

● 16, 63, 65

● 28, 45, 53

● 39, 80, 89
 ● 33, 56, 65

● 84, 135, 159

3𝑥 3𝑥 3𝑥
Example 25: If 5 + 12 = 13 , then the value of 𝑥 is?
Solution:

Recognize that the equation resembles a Pythagorean triplet in exponential

form:
2 2 2
5 + 12 = 13

This triplet holds true as:

25 + 144 = 169

To simplify:
3𝑥 3𝑥 3𝑥
5 + 12 = 13

If 3𝑥 = 2, then:
2 2 2
5 + 12 = 13 holds true.
Therefore:
2
3𝑥 = 2 ⟹ 𝑥 = 3

Type 10: Concept Based on perfect square

We make the form of
2 2
(i) (𝑎 + 𝑏) &(𝑎 − 𝑏)
2 2 2
(ii) (𝑎 ± α) + (𝑏 ± β) + (𝑐 ± γ)

If you see something like this in the question then,

(𝑎 ± α) = 0, (𝑏 ± β) = 0, (𝑐 ± γ) = 0
 2 2 2
Example 26: If (𝑎 − 3) + (𝑏 − 4) + (𝑐 − 9) = 0, then find 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐.
Solution:

The equation is a sum of squares:

2 2 2
(𝑎 − 3) + (𝑏 − 4) + (𝑐 − 9) = 0

Since the sum of squares is zero, each term must individually be zero:

𝑎 − 3 = 0⟹𝑎 = 3

𝑏 − 4 = 0⟹𝑏 = 4

𝑐 − 9 = 0⟹𝑐 = 9

Now, calculate 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 :

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 3 + 4 + 9 = 16

Finally, 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 16 = 4

2 2 2
Example 27: If 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 2(𝑎 − 𝑏 − 𝑐) − 3, find the value of 4𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 5𝑐.

Solution:

Start with the given equation:

2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 2(𝑎 − 𝑏 − 𝑐) − 3

Expand both sides:

2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 2𝑎 − 2𝑏 − 2𝑐 − 3

Rearrange the equation:

2 2 2
𝑎 − 2𝑎 + 𝑏 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2𝑐 + 3 = 0

This is a sum of squares:

2 2 2
(𝑎 − 1) + (𝑏 + 1) + (𝑐 + 1) = 0

For the sum of squares to be zero, each term must individually be zero:

𝑎 − 1 = 0⟹𝑎 = 1

𝑏 + 1 = 0⟹𝑏 =− 1
𝑐 + 1 = 0⟹𝑐 =− 1

Now, calculate 4𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 5𝑐 :

4𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 5𝑐 = 4(1) − 3(− 1) + 5(− 1) = 4 + 3 − 5 = 2

Type 11: Question Based on value putting

In the value putting concept, we can assume as many values as there is
difference between the variable and the equation.i.e
putting value = number of variable − number of equation

Example 28 : If 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 10 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 30, then find the value of

2 2 2
𝑎 +𝑏 +𝑐 .
Solution:

Number of variable = 3
Number of equation = 2
Putting value = 3 − 2 = 1
Let putting value of 𝑐 = 0
2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 10 & 𝑎𝑏 = 30 then find 𝑎 + 𝑏

Use the identity:

2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏) − 2𝑎𝑏

Substitute the given values:

2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = (10) − 2(30)
2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 100 − 60
2 2
Simplify: 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 40

Type 12: Concept of symmetricity

When a question and an equation look similar then the symmetry concept will
apply to it. i.e. all variables will be equal.
 2
1+𝑦
Example 29: If 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥 = 1, then find the value of (𝑥 + 𝑦) (𝑦 + 𝑧)
.

Solution:

Substitute 𝑥 = 𝑦 = 𝑧 into the given equation 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥 = 1

2 2 1
3𝑥 = 1⟹ 𝑥 = 3

Now, calculate the expression:

2
1+𝑦
(𝑥 + 𝑦) (𝑦 + 𝑧)

Since 𝑥 = 𝑦 = 𝑧, this becomes:

2 1
1+𝑥 1+ 3
(𝑥 + 𝑥)(𝑥 + 𝑥)
= 2
4𝑥

Simplify the numerator:

1 4
1+ 3 3
2 = 2
4𝑥 4𝑥
2 1
Substitute 𝑥 = 3
into the expression:
4 4
3 3
1 = 4 =1
4× 3 3

𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎
Example 30: If
2+𝑎
𝑎
+
2+𝑏
𝑏
+
2+𝑐
𝑐
= 4 then find the value of 𝑎𝑏𝑐
.

Solution:

Since 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 𝑐, the equation becomes:

2+𝑎
3× 𝑎
= 4

Simplify the equation

3× 1 +( 2
𝑎 )= 4
6
3+ 𝑎
=4
6
𝑎
=1

Solve for 𝑎:

𝑎=6

Thus, 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 𝑐 = 6. so:

𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 6×6+6×6+6×6 36 + 36 + 36 108 1
𝑎𝑏𝑐
= 6×6×6
= 216
= 216
= 2