ENSV2SE TEST 1 2016 MODEL ANSWER
QUESTION 1 = ½ [14]
POINT BS IS FS COLL RL AL FL
TSM1A 2,424 27,850 25,426 25,426 25,426
SR 1,896 25,954-3 25,951
MH 2,218 4,663 25,405 23,187-3 23,184
TEL 1,111 3,567 22,949 21,838-6 21,832
STEP 1,826 21,123-9 21,114
CULV +2,223 25,172-9 25,163
WM 2,612 4,237 21,324 18,712-9 18,703
TSM1B 3,729 17,595-12 17,583 17,583
8,365 16,196 25,426
16,196 -7,831
-7,831
QUESTION 2 = ½ [16]
PT BS IS FS RISE FALL RL AL FL
A 2,816 228,160 228,160 228,160
B 2,287 0,529 228,689+3 228,692
C 1,849 0,438 229,127+3 229,130
D 1,236 0,613 229,740+3 229,743
E 2,314 0,516 0,720 230,460+3 230,463
F 1,694 0,620 231,080+6 231,086
G 1,687 0,007 231,087+6 231,093
H 2,387 0,700 230,387+6 230,393
J 3,148 0,761 229,626+6 229,632 229,632
5,130 3,664 2,927 1,461 228,160
3,664 1,461 1,466
1,466 1,466
TEST 1 2016 MODEL ANSWER PAGE 1
ENSV2SE TEST 1 2016 MODEL ANSWER
QUESTION 3 =½
The South African coordinate system is based on the "GAUSS CONFORM or
TRANSVERSE MERCATOR PROJECTION". This system consists of belts running
NORTH and SOUTH, two degrees of longitude wide, with the CENTRAL meridian
being the odd meridian.
In the South African coordinate system the Y coordinate is measured positive to the
WEST of the origin and negative to the EAST. The X coordinate value increases
from zero at the EQUATOR in a southern direction.
In survey work angles are always measured in a CLOCKWISEdirection. (4)
SKETCHES: (2)
[6]
TEST 1 2016 MODEL ANSWER PAGE 2
ENSV2SE TEST 1 2016 MODEL ANSWER
QUESTION 4 (Marks given for significant facts)
4.1 Name and discuss the three axes of an electronic angle measuring theodolite (6)
The three axes (Textbook p37)
The standing axis is what the instrument revolves around. When setting up, the surveyor sets
this axis vertical.
The trunnion axis is what the telescope tilts around. The manufacturer makes this at right
angles to the standing axis. It is also called the tilting axis and horizontal axis.
The line of sight is the pointing line. It passes through the intersection of standing and trunnion
axes and is meant to be at right angles to the trunnion axis.
(Additional materials p23):
• The Line of sight L is perpendicular to the Tilting axis
• The Trunnion axis T is perpendicular to the Vertical axis V
• The Vertical axis V is perfectly vertical
4.2 Name and describe the two circles of an electronic angle measuring theodolite (5)
The two circles (Textbook p38):
The observed direction and zenith angle are sensed on the horizontal and vertical axes
respectively.
The horizontal circle can be rotated or oriented with respect to the survey grid by
keying in the true oriented direction when the line of sight is towards a target with
known direction on the grid.
The vertical circle is usually set so that when the line of sight is vertically upwards
towards the zenith, the reading is zero.
(Additional materials p23):
The horizontal circle is generally stationary during the measurement of a horizontal angle and
the centre of the graduations must be placed vertically above the ground mark. Setting the plane
of the horizontal circle into coincidence with the horizontal plane is often called levelling the
theodolite. Placing the centre of the circle graduations vertically above the ground mark is called
centring the theodolite.
The vertical circle has its centre of graduation on the trunnion axis, and it rotates with the
telescope about this axis. The position of the vertical circle when viewed from the eyepiece
TEST 1 2016 MODEL ANSWER PAGE 3
ENSV2SE TEST 1 2016 MODEL ANSWER
end of the telescope is used to describe the attitude of the theodolite; if it is on the left of the
telescope the theodolite is said to be in the face-left (F.L. or C.L.) attitude and if it is on the right
of the telescope the theodolite is in the face-right (F.R. or C.R.) attitude.
To change face, the telescope is rotated 180° about the trunnion axis (i.e. it is transited) and
then the theodolite is rotated 180° about the vertical axis. This operation is nearly always
used because it eliminates the effects of some instrumental errors.
[11]
QUESTION 5
An EDM was used to measure three distances at Mean Sea Level. The survey was done in an
area where the mean Y- coordinate approached 0 metres. (i.e. very close to the central
meridian)
Slope correction: - s(1-cosα)
Met correction: +20mm per 1000m (20ppm)
Zero (prism constant) error: +0,034m
MSL: - C = SH/R
Scale enlargement: C = SY²/2R²
Assume the radius of the earth to be 6367km
Calculate the reduced distances of the measured distances below, by calculating and adding all
necessary corrections.
Measured Vert Slope Met MSL Scale Zero Corr Reduced
Distance Angle Corr Corr Corr Corr Distance
852,383m 2°13'46” -0,645 +0,017 0 0 -0,034 851,721m
641,574m 2°40'27” -0,699 +0,013 0 0 -0,034 640,854m
1 009,792m 1°18'53” -0,266 +0,020 0 0 -0,034 1 009,512m
[5]
QUESTION 6
Complete the following table, by ticking in the appropriate block.
STATEMENT TRUE FALSE
Engineering Surveying has to do with the mapping of the
sea bed
Hydrographic Surveying has to do with the measurement
of dam wall construction
Cadastral Surveying has to do with the surveying of
boundaries of erven in a town or of farms.
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ENSV2SE TEST 1 2016 MODEL ANSWER
STATEMENT TRUE FALSE
Mine Surveying has to do with the setting out of tunnels
for roads
When an area to be surveyed is so small that the effect
of the curvature of the earth may be neglected, such a
survey is called a Geodetic Survey
The most commonly used DATUM in levelling is the Low
Water Mark
A direction on the South African Coordinate system is
measured clockwise from north
Magnetic North is always used when doing survey
calculations on the SA survey system
The Mercator projection preserves shape on a map
Equal backsights and foresights are absolutely essential
in all types of levelling
Accurate levelling is not possible in very strong wind
The line of sight and line of collimation is the same thing
A circular hand bubble can be used to hold the levelling
staff vertical, but is not essential
The first reading when starting a line of levels could
sometimes be a foresight
A levelling instrument was set up midway between two
staffs, A and B. The readings taken were 1,185 and
1,729 on A and B respectively. The level was then
moved and set up near staff A. The reading on staff A
was then 1, 397. For zero collimation error, the reading
on staff B should be 1,941
[8]
TEST 1 2016 MODEL ANSWER PAGE 5