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Complex Numbers

A complex number is defined as a combination of a real number and an imaginary number in the form a + bi, where 'a' is the real part and 'bi' is the imaginary part. The document explains operations on complex numbers, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, providing examples for each. It also introduces the concept of the conjugate for division and offers practice problems for further understanding.

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2 views2 pages

Complex Numbers

A complex number is defined as a combination of a real number and an imaginary number in the form a + bi, where 'a' is the real part and 'bi' is the imaginary part. The document explains operations on complex numbers, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, providing examples for each. It also introduces the concept of the conjugate for division and offers practice problems for further understanding.

Uploaded by

sanfransokyogoalslife00
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

COMPLEX NUMBERS

Definition: A complex number is a number that combines a real number and an imaginary number, written in the form 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊,
where ‘𝒂’ is the real part and ‘𝒃𝒊’ is the imaginary part.

Remarks:
(i) Standard Form: 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊
(ii) Real part (𝒂) : It is the real number component.
(iii) Imaginary part (𝒃): It is the real number multiplying the imaginary unit ‘𝒊’.
(iv) Imaginary unit (𝒊): It is the square root of −1 (𝑖 = √−1 𝑠𝑜 𝑖 2 = −1).

Examples: The following are complex numbers:


1) 𝟐 + 𝟕𝒊 : Real part = 𝟐 , Imaginary part = 𝟕
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
2) − 𝒊 : Real part = , Imaginary part = −
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
3) 𝟒 + 𝒊 : Real part = 𝟒 , Imaginary part = 𝟏
4) −𝟏𝟓𝒊
5) 𝟐𝟕

Operations on Complex Numbers

I. Addition/Subtraction
How to solve . . . .
To add/subtract complex numbers, combine the real parts and the imaginary parts. Write the final answer in
standard form.

Examples:
1) (2 + 5𝑖) + (3 − 2𝑖) = (2 + 3) + (5 − 2)𝑖 = 𝟓 − 𝟑𝒊
2) (7 + 6𝑖) − (9 + 5𝑖) = 7 − 9 + 6𝑖 − 5𝑖 = −𝟐 + 𝒊
3) (−8 + 3𝑖) − (1 − 𝑖) = −8 − 1 + 3𝑖 + 𝑖 = −𝟗 + 𝟒𝒊

II. Multiplication
How to solve . . . .
To multiply complex numbers, use the FOIL method or the distributive property and combine the real and
imaginary terms.
Note: 𝒊𝟐 = −𝟏.

Examples:
1) (2 + 5𝑖) ∙ (3 − 2𝑖) = (2)(3) + (2)(−2𝑖) + (5𝑖)(3) + (5𝑖)(−2𝑖)
= 6 − 4𝑖 + 15𝑖 − 10𝑖 2
= 6 + 11𝑖 − 10(−1) , since 𝑖 2 = −1.
= 6 + 11𝑖 + 10
= 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟏𝟏𝒊

2) (6𝑖) ∙ (9 + 5𝑖) = (6𝑖)(9) + (6𝑖)(5𝑖)


= 54𝑖 + 30𝑖 2
= 54𝑖 + 30(−1)
= 54𝑖 − 30
= −𝟑𝟎 + 𝟓𝟒𝒊
III. Division
Definition: The conjugate of a complex number 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑖 is 𝑐 − 𝑑𝑖. To find it, simply change the sign of the imaginary part.
How to solve . . . .
 Write as a fraction.
 Find the conjugate of the denominator
 Multiply both the numerator and the denominator by the conjugate of the denominator.
 Combine and simplify.
 Write the final result in standard form.

Examples:
1) (2 + 5𝑖) ÷ (4 − 𝑖)
Solution: Conjugate of the denominator 𝟒 − 𝒊

2 + 5𝑖 4 + 𝑖 (2 + 5𝑖)(4 + 𝑖) 8 + 2𝑖 + 20𝑖 + 5𝑖 2 8 + 22𝑖 + 5(−1) 3 + 22𝑖 𝟑 𝟐𝟐


∙ = = = = = + 𝒊
4−𝑖 4+𝑖 (4 − 𝑖)(4 + 𝑖) 42 − 𝑖 2 16 − (−1) 17 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕

20 − 4𝑖
2)
3 + 2𝑖
Solution:
20 − 4𝑖 3 − 2𝑖 (20 − 4𝑖)(3 − 2𝑖)
∙ =
3 + 2𝑖 3 − 2𝑖 (3 + 2𝑖)(3 − 2𝑖)
60 − 40𝑖 − 12𝑖 + 8𝑖 2
=
32 − (2𝑖)2
60 − 52𝑖 + 8(−1) 52 − 52𝑖 52 − 52𝑖 52 52
= = = = − 𝑖 = 𝟒 − 𝟒𝒊
9 − 4𝑖 2 9 − 4(−1) 13 13 13

Try this!
Perform the indicated operations and simplify:
1) (𝟑 + 𝒊) + (𝟕 − 𝒊)
2) (𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏𝒊) − (−𝟖 + 𝟓𝒊)
3) (𝟏𝟓 − 𝟒𝒊) + (𝟐𝟑𝒊)
4) (−𝟓 + 𝒊) − (𝟏𝟑 − 𝟔𝒊)
5) (𝟒 + 𝟗𝒊) ∙ (𝟖 + 𝟑𝒊)
6) (𝟔 + 𝒊) ∙ (𝟔 − 𝒊)
7) (−𝟏 + 𝟗𝒊) ∙ (−𝟒 − 𝟐𝒊)
𝟐+𝒊
8)
𝟕𝒊
𝒊
9)
𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊
𝟓 − 𝟔𝒊
10)
−𝟓 + 𝟏𝟎𝒊

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