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19. CRITICAL REASONING

Directions (1-2): Read the following passage Directions 3:To protect certain fledgling industries,
carefully and answer the questions that follow: the government of Country Z banned imports of the
The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Bill, 2016 was types of products those industries were starting to
passed .Women working in the organised sector make. As a direct result, the cost of those products
will now be entitled to paid maternity leave of 26 to the buyers, several export-dependent industries
weeks, up from 12 weeks. The Bill also provides in Z, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those
for maternity leave of 12 weeks to mothers industries to compete effectively in their export
adopting a child below the age of three months as markets.
well as to commissioning mothers (defined as a 3. Which of the following conclusions about
biological mother) who uses her egg to have a Country Z’s adversely affected export-
surrogate child. In such cases, 12-week period of dependent industries is best supported by the
maternity leave will be calculated from the date the passage?
child is handed over to the adoptive or (A) Profit margins in those industries were not
commissioning mother. high enough to absorb the rise in costs
1. Which of the following can be hypothesized mentioned above.
from the Maternity Benefit Bill? (B) Those industries had to contend with the
(I) Amendment to maternity bill will fortify to fact that other countries banned imports from
surrogacy. Country Z.
(II) Commissioning mother will demand for 26 (C) Those industries succeeded in expanding
weeks leave same as normal mothers will get. the domestic market for their products.
(III) Mothers will prefer to adopt a baby which (D) Steps to offset rising materials costs by
is less than 3 months to other older babies. decreasing labor costs were taken in those
(Marks 2) industries.
(A) Only III (E) Those industries started to move into export
(B) All of the above markets that they had previously judged
(C) Only I and II unprofitable
(D) Only I Directions (4-5) Read the following passage
(E) None of these carefully and answer the questions that follow:
2. Which of the following abrogate the The Budget session began on a stormy note as
contribution of surrogate mother. opposition members demanding a debate on the
(I) Generally surrogate mother demands a recent hate crimes against Indians living in the
heavy amount for surrogacy. USA. Congress blamed the Modi government for
(II) Surrogate mother gives a chance to fill the remaining silent on the attacks against Indians in
gap of happiness for commissioning couple. US. In his reply, Union Home Minister said that the
(III) Society shows disrespect towards government has taken a serious note and PM will
surrogate mother. (Marks 2) reply in next week of Parliament session. In recent
(A) Only II weeks, at least two Indians have been killed in
(B) Only III incidents of hate crime in the US. ―Each attack
(C) Only I and III involved a slogan. Go back to your country‖.
(D) All of the above America condemned it but is not taking any steps to
(E) None of these address the issue.
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4. What may be the repercussions after recent III. Craving to earn money in short time may give
attacks on Indians in US? them wrong direction, and its impact may be
(I) There may be impact on Indian-US trade reflected to their earning.
policy. (A) Only III (B) Both I and III
(II) Indian Government will coerce US (C) Both II and III (D) Only II
Government. (E) None of these
(III) American Govt. will give life 7. It is unfortunate for a country, specially for the
imprisonment to accused to make a set mark poor and women, that whenever any kind of
that America is against racism. disincentive – even of the mildest nature such
(A) Only I as debarring a person with more than two
(B) Only I and III children from contesting any local body
(C) Only III election – is introduced to promote family
(D) Only I and II planning, there are always some activists and
(E) None of these organizations who unnecessarily oppose the
5. Which of the following substantiates the laxity measures without realizing that the voluntary
of Indian-American Govt.? family planning programmes area miserable
(I) Modi govt. has taken a serious note and flop as clearly highlighted by the national
ready to reply in next week of parliament family health surveys.
session. Question: Which of the following if true would
(II) Condemning the attack but not taking any strengthen the author’s contention?
steps by American Govt. (A) Percentage of rural women voluntarily
(III) Still there is no action as racism slogan seeking family planning services in government
―Go back to your country‖ is spreading. (Marks health centre facilities has drastically come
2) down over the last decade.
(A) Only III (B) Only I and II (B) One child policy on China, where
(C) All of three (D) Only II employees with more than one child are
(E) None of these discriminated against, has been very effective
Direction 6: Many employees of a company whose in controlling their population.
basic salary is 20k starts playing IPL game on (C) Activists and organization which seem to
Dreams11 in office premises. Five employees have advocate civil rights issues typically have their
won 5k each as a prize money in a single day and own vested interests and hidden agendas.
its craze is increasing among other office (D) Punitive measures are the best deterrents
employees. But it is just like betting and starting for refraining people from committing deeds
phase of compulsion. which adversely affect the society at large.
Question No.6 Which of the following can be the (E) None of these
fallout of this activity? 8. There is a shift in the orientation of our
I. There may be adverse impact on working in economy from manufacturing to service. The
office premises. increased demand in service sector will require
II. Income from Dream11 will boost net earning up managers to work with people rather than with
to 25k, which will be supplement for office objects and things in the assembly line.
employees.
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Question: This passage best supports which of Hard work and dedication towards work will be
the following statements? applauded.
(A) Managers should have a balanced mind. Just to quantify an amount in the salary
(B) Assembly line will exist in service-oriented package of employee with no reason will not be
organisations. entertained.
(C) Interpersonal skills will become more Question: Which of the following undermines
important at work place in future. the statement given by Manager?
(D) Manufacturing-oriented organisations (I) Increment of 15% has been done for all the
ignore the importance of people. employees whose 1 year is completed.
(E) Service-oriented organisations will not deal (II) Performance chart has been prepared by
with objects. leaders of different department based on their
9. Statement: The current active wet spell over the proficiency.
two states A and B, the largest producer of (III) Relaxation time for late coming of 240
wheat, brought cheers to farmers, especially minutes in a year i.e. of 10 minutes twice in a
wheat growers. month is given to all employees.
Question: Which of the following can be the (A) Only II (B) Both II and III
reason of happiness of wheat growers from the (C) Both I and III (D) Only I
given statement? (E) None of these
(I) The rain will help in improving 11. A factory was trying out a new process for
photosynthesis resulting in better growth of the producing one of its products, with the goal of
crop, which will result in improved yield. reducing production costs. A trial production
(II) The minimum temperature has also come run using the new process showed a fifteen
down which is good for wheat crop as it thrives percent reduction in costs compared with past
in cold conditions. performance using the standard process. The
(III) Rain will help in reducing pressure on production managers therefore concluded that
groundwater and would also help in retaining the new process did produce a cost savings.
soil moisture. Question: Which of the following, if true, casts
(IV) As the both states A and B are biggest most doubt on the production managers'
crop producer and completely dependent on conclusion?
farming as occupation so adequate amount of (A) In the cost reduction project that eventually
rain at right time is a matter of joy for them. led to the trial of the new process, production
(A) Only I and II are implicit managers had initially been seeking cost
(B) Only III is implicit reductions of fifty percent.
(C) Only III and IV are implicit (B) Analysis of the trial of the new process
(D) All are implicit showed that the cost reduction during the trial
(E) Only I, II and III are implicit was entirely attributable to a reduction in the
10. Study the information carefully and answer the number of finished products rejected by quality
questions given below. control.
There are some criteria which will be (C) While the trial was being conducted,
considered during appraisal of employee- production costs at the factory for a similar
Statement by manager of a company. product, produced without benefit of the new
Punctuality and sincerity are one of the key process, also showed a fifteen percent
points which will surely reviewed. reduction.
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(D) Although some of the factory's managers Question: The argument in the passage
have been arguing that the product is outdated depends on which of the following
and ought to be redesigned, the use of the new assumptions?
production process does not involve any (A) The supply of illegal drugs dropped
changes in the finished product. substantially in 1987.
(E) Since the new process differs from the (B) The price paid for most illegal drugs by the
standard process only in the way in which the average consumer did not drop substantially in
stages of production are organized and ordered, 1987.
the cost of the materials used in the product is (C) Domestic production of illegal drugs
the same in both processes. increased at a higher rate than did the entry of
12. Passengers must exit airplanes swiftly after such drugs into the country.
accidents, since gases released following (D) The wholesale price of a few illegal drugs
accidents are toxic to humans and often increased substantially in 1987.
explode soon after being released. In order to (E) A drop in demand for most illegal drugs in
prevent passenger deaths from gas inhalation, 1987 was not the sole cause of the drop in their
safety officials recommend that passengers be wholesale price.
provided with smoke hoods that prevent 14. Property taxes are typically set at a flat rate per
inhalation of the gases. $1,000 of officially assessed value.
Question: Which of the following, if true, Reassessments should be frequent in order to
constitutes the strongest reason not to require remove distortions that arise when property
implementation of the safety officials' values change at differential rates. In practice,
recommendation? however, reassessments typically occur when
(A) Test evacuations showed that putting on the they benefit the government—that is, when
smoke hoods added considerably to the overall their effect is to increase total tax revenue.
time it took passengers to leave the cabin. Question: If the statements above are true,
(B) Some airlines are unwilling to buy the which of the following describes a situation in
smoke hoods because they consider them to be which a reassessment should occur but is
prohibitively expensive. unlikely to do so?
(C) Although the smoke hoods protect (A) Property values have risen sharply and
passengers from the toxic gases, they can do uniformly.
nothing to prevent the gases from igniting. (B) Property values have all risen—some very
sharply, some less so.
(D) Some experienced flyers fail to pay
(C) Property values have for the most part risen
attention to the safety instructions given on
sharply; yet some have dropped slightly.
every commercial flight before takeoff.
(D) Property values have for the most part
(E) In many airplane accidents, passengers who
dropped significantly; yet some have risen
were able to reach emergency exits were
slightly.
overcome by toxic gases before they could exit
(E) Property values have dropped significantly
the airplane. and uniformly.
13. The program to control the entry of illegal 15. To persuade consumers to buy its personal
drugs into the country was a failure in 1987. If computers for home use, SuperComp has
the program had been successful, the wholesale enlisted computer dealers in shopping centers
price of most illegal drugs would not have to carry its product and launched a major
dropped substantially in 1987. advertising campaign that has already increased
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public awareness of the SuperComp brand. (B) Skeletons of most animals did not have
Despite the fact that these dealers achieved damages typical of the skeletons of animals that
dramatically increased sales of computers last had been killed, cut, and cooked.
month, however, analysts doubt that (C) Tribes that inhabited Northern Asia 1000
SuperComp’s products accounted for much of years ago used fire to cook food.
that increase. (D) Another study indicated that there was a
Question: Which of the following, if true, best great famine in Northern Asia at that time,
supports the claim that the analysts’ doubt is which forced local tribes to look for alternative
well founded? sources of food.
(A) In market surveys, few respondents who (E) A further study indicated evidence of a
had been exposed to SuperComp’s advertising large fire that had occurred in Northern Asia
campaign said they thought there was no point approximately 1000 years ago.
in owning a home computer. DIRECTIONS for the question (17 to 21):
(B) People who own a home computer often Identify the most appropriate summary for the
buy a second such computer, but only rarely do paragraph and write the key for most appropriate
people buy a third computer. option.
(C) SuperComp’s dealers also sell other brands 17. Eight percent of the Earth's crust is aluminum,
of computers that are very similar to and there are hundreds of aluminum-bearing
SuperComp’s but less expensive and that afford minerals and vast quantities of the rocks that
the dealers a significantly higher markup. contain them. The best aluminum ore is
(D) The dealers who were chosen to sell bauxite, defined as aggregates of aluminous
SuperComp’s computers were selected in part minerals, more or less impure, in which
because their stores are located in shopping aluminum is present as hydrated oxides.
centers that attract relatively wealthy shoppers. Bauxite is the richest of all those aluminous
(E) Computer-industry analysts believed before rocks that occur in large quantities, and it yields
the SuperComp campaign began that most alumina, the intermediate product required for
consumers who already owned home the production of aluminum. Alumina also
computers were not yet ready to replace them. occurs naturally as the mineral corundum, but
16. A recent archeological expedition in Northern corundum is not found in large deposits of high
Asia revealed a great number of skeletons of purity, and therefore it is an impractical source
animals that died about 1000 years ago. Further for making aluminum. Most of the many
research indicated that all the skeletons had abundant nonbauxite aluminous minerals are
been subjected to temperatures in excess of 300 silicates, and, like all silicate minerals, they are
degrees Celsius. This fact provided grounds for refractory, resistant to analysis, and extremely
speculation that they were killed and cooked by difficult to process.
tribes that lived in Northern Asia at that time. Which of the following best summarises the
However, some of the skeletons belonged to above paragraph?
(A) Talks about the various sources of
animals that were considered sacred by those
aluminium in nature, and narrows down on
tribes and were never hunted or eaten.
bauxite as the ore from which it is most
Question: Which of the following best explains
convenient to extract aluminium.
the apparent discrepancy above?
(B) A mineral must either be alumina or readily
(A) Some of the skeletons found during the
supply it in order to be classified as an
expedition belonged to animals that no longer
aluminum ore.
inhabit the area.
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(C) Corundum would be used to produce man would take the trouble to produce anything
aluminum if many large deposits of very high without desiring to have anything. If he desires
quality corundum were to be discovered. one thing, and produces another, it is only
(D) Aluminum silicates are unsuitable because the thing which he desires can be
alternatives to bauxite because considerably obtained by means of the thing which he
more energy is required to extract alumina from produces, and better obtained, than if he had
them. endeavoured to produce it himself.
18. Globalization is one of the great issues facing (A) The purpose of producing something that is
universities today, particularly in humanities not desired can only to obtain something in
departments. It means different things to exchange.
different people, but most agree that (B) The purpose of producing something in
globalization pluralizes. In the words of excess that desired by oneself is to obtain
Jonathan Arac, globalization "opens up every something he desires in exchange for it.
local, national or regional culture to others and (C) The purpose of producing something that is
thereby produces 'many worlds'." However, this desired can only to obtain something in
rapid pluralization is occurring in the age of exchange that is not desired.
English, when a single language has achieved a (D) The purpose of producing something is
dominance hitherto unknown in world history. desired is further justified by exchanging it for
As a result, the many worlds opened up by something is also desired but not produced.
globalization are increasingly likely to be DIRECTION(20) For the question: The question is
known through that single language alone. based on a passage or a set of conditions. Select the
(A) The English language is bound to become best answer from the answer choices numbered (1),
more complicated with the coming in a (2), (3) and (4) given.
globalized world that heavily promotes a Question No.20
culture of pluralization In contrast to the earlier predictions, demand
(B) Even the English language cannot escape for sugarcane has not risen in recent years, yet,
globalization and pluralization even though production amounts and price have
(C) In a globalized world, characterized by also been stable during the last 3 years. Last
pluralization, English assumes an even more year, sugarcane growers increased their profits
significant position as a tool for people to by more than 10 percent over the previous
communicate amongst themselves year’s level.
(D) In a globalized world, English, with its Any of the following statements, if true, about
language dominance of the world, is in prime last year, helps explain the rise in profits
position to become the carrier of local, national EXCEPT:
and regional cultures across the world (A) Many sugar factories that are large
19. When a man produces a greater quantity of any consumers of sugarcane increase their
commodity than he desires for himself, it can production of sugarcane-based ethanol, yet
only be on one account; namely, that he desires their overall consumption of sugarcane
some other commodity which he can obtain in decreased.
exchange for the surplus of what he himself has (B) Rainfall in sugarcane-growing regions was
produced. It seems hardly necessary to offer higher than it had been during previous year,
any thing in support of so necessary a allowing the growers to save money on
proposition; it would be inconsistent with the expensive artificial irrigation.
known laws of human nature to suppose, that a
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(C) Sugarcane growers have saved money on (C) American researchers found that successful
wages by switching from paying labourers a team members tended to rate their fellow
daily wage to paying them by the amount members more favourably
harvested. (D) Industrial Psychologists of UK found that
(D) Many small sugarcane growers joined work groups who tended to participate in after-
together to form an association of sugarcane
hours social activities were more productive
producers and began to buy supplies at low
DIRECTIONS(22) for the question: Refer the
group rates.
following and answer the question that follows:
DIRECTIONS(21) for the question: Answer the
question based on the information given. If highways were restricted to cars and only those
Question No. :21 trucks with capacity of less than 8 tons, most of the
A highly cohesive work group is a prerequisite truck traffic would be forced to run outside
for high team performance. Sociologists point highways. Such a reduction in the amount of truck
out that the association between success and traffic would reduce the risk of collisions on
group cohesion owes to the support individual highways.
team members give to one another and their Question No. : 22
acceptance of the group's activities and goals. Which of the following, if true, would most
Each of the following, if true, either supports or strengthen the conclusion drawn in the second
cannot weaken the sociologists' assumption sentence?
about the relationship between success and (A) Highways are experiencing overcrowded
cohesion EXCEPT traffic mainly because of sharp increases in car
(A) A group of Japanese researchers found that traffic
the successful work teams were led by (B) Many drivers of trucks would rather buy
dominant leaders trucks with a capacity of less than 8 tons than
(B) University researchers found that there was be excluded from highways.
a significant correlation between team (C) The number of collisions that occur near
productivity and the extent to which team highways has reduced in recent years
members understood and complied with the (D) Trucks that have a capacity of more than 8
group's objectives tons cause a disproportionately large number of
collisions on highways
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