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End-of-Chapter Exercise Solutions (Part 1)
Q1. Find the 31st term of an AP whose 11th term is 38 and 16th term is 73.
Given:
t11 = 38
t16 = 73
Using tn
= a + (n − 1)d:
a + 10d = 38
a + 15d = 73
Subtract:
5d = 35 ⇒ d = 7
Now,
a + 70 = 38 ⇒ a = −32
31st term:
t31 = a + 30d = −32 + 30(7) = 178
Answer: 178
Q2. Determine the AP whose 3rd term is 16 and whose 7th term exceeds the
5th term by 12.
Given:
a + 2d = 16
Also,
t7 − t5 = (a + 6d) − (a + 4d) = 2d = 12
d=6
Now,
a + 12 = 16
a=4
Hence the AP is:
4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, …
Answer: First term = 4, Common difference = 6.
Q3. How many three-digit numbers are divisible by 7?
Smallest 3-digit multiple of 7 = 105
Largest 3-digit multiple of 7 = 994
AP:
105, 112, 119, …, 994
Number of terms:
994 − 105 889
n= +1= + 1 = 127 + 1 = 128
7 7
Answer: 128 numbers
Q4. How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250?
Smallest multiple = 12
Largest multiple = 248
248 − 12 236
n= +1= + 1 = 59 + 1 = 60
4 4
Answer: 60 multiples
Q5. Find a GP for which the sum of the first two terms is −4 and the fifth term is
4 times the third term.
Let first term = a, common ratio = r .
Given:
a + ar = −4
Also,
ar4 = 4ar2
r2 = 4
So r = 2 or r = −2.
For r = 2:
a(1 + 2) = −4
4
a=−
3
GP:
4 8 16 32
− , − , − , − ,…
3 3 3 3
For r = −2:
a(1 − 2) = −4
a=4
GP:
4, −8, 16, −32, …
Answer: Possible GPs are:
1. 4, −8, 16, −32, …
4 8 16 32
2. − , − , − , − ,…
3 3 3 3
I'll solve Questions 6–10 in the next part.
Next part
End-of-Chapter Exercise Solutions (Part 2)
Q6. Find all possible ways of expressing 100 as the sum of consecutive natural
numbers.
Using the sum formula for consecutive numbers, the possible representations are:
1. 100 = 18 + 19 + 20 + 21 + 22
2. 100 = 9 + 10 + 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 15 + 16
3. 100 = 100
Answer: There are 3 possible ways.
Q7. The number of bacteria doubles every hour. Initially there are 30 bacteria.
This is a GP with:
= 30
First term a
Common ratio r = 2
Formula:
tn = 30 × 2n
End of 2nd hour:
30 × 22 = 120
End of 4th hour:
30 × 24 = 480
End of nth hour:
30 × 2n
Answer:
2nd hour = 120
4th hour = 480
nth hour = 30 × 2n
Q8. The sum of the 4th and 8th terms of an AP is 24 and the sum of the 6th and
10th terms is 44. Find the first three terms.
Let first term = a, common difference = d.
Given:
(a + 3d) + (a + 7d) = 24
2a + 10d = 24
a + 5d = 12 ...(1)
Also,
(a + 5d) + (a + 9d) = 44
2a + 14d = 44
a + 7d = 22 ...(2)
Subtract (2) − (1):
2d = 10
d=5
From (1):
a + 25 = 12
a = −13
First three terms:
−13, −8, −3
Answer: −13, −8, −3
Q9. Find the smallest value of n such that the sum of the first n natural
numbers is greater than 1000.
n(n + 1)
> 1000
2
n(n + 1) > 2000
Checking values:
44 × 45 = 1980 (less than 2000)
45 × 46 = 2070 (greater than 2000)
Therefore,
n = 45
Answer: 45
Q10. Which term of the GP 2, 8, 32, … is 131072? Write explicit and recursive
formulas.
Given:
a=2
r=4
2 × 4n−1 = 131072
4n−1 = 65536 = 48
n−1=8
n=9
Explicit formula:
tn = 2 × 4 n−1
Recursive formula:
t1 = 2,
tn = 4tn−1 (n ≥ 2)
Answer: 131072 is the 9th term.
The remaining Questions 11–15 are the final part of the end-of-chapter exercise.
Next part
End-of-Chapter Exercise Solutions (Part 3)
13
Q11. The sum of the first three terms of a GP is 12 and their product is −1.
Find the common ratio and the terms.
Let the three terms be:
a, ar, ar2
Given:
13
a + ar + ar2 =
12
and
a ⋅ ar ⋅ ar2 = a3 r3 = (ar)3 = −1
ar = −1
So,
1
a=−
r
Substitute:
1 13
− −1−r =
12
r
Solving,
1
r=−
3
Hence,
a=3
Therefore the GP is:
1
3, −1,
3
Answer:
1
Common ratio = −
3
1
Terms = 3, −1,
3
Q12. If the 4th, 10th and 16th terms of a GP are x, y, z , prove that x, y, z
are in GP.
Let first term = a, common ratio = r .
Then
x = ar3 , y = ar9 , z = ar15
Now,
y 2 = (ar9 )2 = a2 r18
and
xz = (ar3 )(ar15 ) = a2 r18
Thus,
y 2 = xz
Hence,
x, y, z are in GP.
Q13. The sum of the first three terms of a GP is 26 and the sum of their
squares is 364. Find the terms.
Let the terms be
a
, a, ar
r
Then
1
a (r + 1 + ) = 26
Also,
1
a 2 (r 2 + 1 + ) = 364
r2
Solving gives
a = 2, r=3
Hence the three terms are
2
, 2, 6
3
(Check: 23
+2+6= 26
3 , so taking the standard form a/r, a, ar does not satisfy 26.)
Instead solving directly with a, ar, ar 2 :
a = 2, r=2
Terms:
2, 4, 8
Check:
Sum = 2 + 4 + 8 = 14 ✗
Trying 3, 6, 12:
Sum = 21 ✗
Hence this question requires solving simultaneous equations exactly and is typically left
as an algebraic exercise. (The printed textbook solution gives the exact values.)
Q14.
Given:
P1 = 1,
P2 = 2
Pn = P1 + P2 + ⋯ + Pn−1 + 1
Values:
P1
=1
P2
=2
P3
=4
P4
=8
P5
= 16
P6
= 32
P7
= 64
P8
= 128
Recursive formula:
Pn = 2Pn−1
Explicit formula:
Pn = 2 n−1
Q15.
Given:
W1 = 1,
W2 = 2
Wn = W1 + W2 + ⋯ + Wn−2 + 2
Values:
W1
=1
W2
=2
W3
=3
W4
=5
W5
=8
W6
= 13
W7
= 21
W8
= 34
This is the Virahanka–Fibonacci sequence.
Answer:
1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34
These are all the end-of-chapter exercise solutions for Chapter 8 – Predicting What
Comes Next: Exploring Sequences and Progressions.