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IR Notes

International Relations (IR) examines how countries interact, focusing on politics, economics, and global issues such as war and cooperation. Major theories include Realism, Liberalism, Marxism, and Constructivism, which explain state behavior and global challenges. The document also discusses the evolution of the international system, the significance of sovereignty, and the roles of various actors and institutions in global politics.

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3 views3 pages

IR Notes

International Relations (IR) examines how countries interact, focusing on politics, economics, and global issues such as war and cooperation. Major theories include Realism, Liberalism, Marxism, and Constructivism, which explain state behavior and global challenges. The document also discusses the evolution of the international system, the significance of sovereignty, and the roles of various actors and institutions in global politics.

Uploaded by

t66588101
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to International Relations – Detailed Notes

IR as an Academic Field

International Relations (IR) is the study of how countries interact with each other. It combines
politics, economics, history, and law. It focuses on issues like war, peace, diplomacy, trade, and
global cooperation.

Major Theories

Realism: States seek power and survival in an anarchic world. Liberalism: Cooperation is possible
through institutions and democracy. Marxism: Focuses on economic inequality and class struggle.
Constructivism: Emphasizes ideas, beliefs, and identities.

Relevance to Current Issues

IR helps explain global challenges like conflicts, climate change, terrorism, and economic crises.

US, Russia and Rise of China

The USA is a dominant global power. Russia has strong military influence. China is rapidly growing
economically and politically.

Development of International System

The international system evolved from isolated states to interconnected global relations.

History of State Development

States evolved from city-states to empires and then to modern nation-states.

Westphalian System

The Peace of Westphalia (1648) introduced sovereignty, meaning states control their own affairs.

Industrial & French Revolutions


Industrial Revolution brought economic growth and technology. French Revolution promoted
nationalism and democracy.

World Wars I & II

Two major global conflicts that reshaped international politics and led to formation of global
institutions.

Cold War & Post-Cold War

Cold War was rivalry between USA and USSR. Post-Cold War era saw US dominance and
globalization.

States and Other Actors

Besides states, actors include NGOs, multinational corporations, and international organizations.

Sovereignty & Nationalism

Sovereignty means independence. Nationalism is strong loyalty to one's nation.

IGOs & TNAs

IGOs (e.g., UN) and Transnational Actors influence global politics.

Globalization

Increasing interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and societies.

Foreign Policy

Strategies used by states to interact with others.

Diplomacy

Peaceful negotiation between states.

Domestic Politics & Public Opinion


Internal politics and public views influence foreign policy.

International Institutions

Organizations like UN maintain peace and cooperation.

UN Agencies, World Bank, IMF

Provide aid, financial support, and development assistance.

Regional Organizations

NATO, ASEAN, SAARC promote cooperation among regions.

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