LESSON PLAN
Date: ____________________ Taught By: Ameer ul Hassan
Subject: ABB Class: 3nd Year
Auto & Diesel Department & Mechanical Department Time:80 Minutes
Topic:Vehicle aerodynamics
Objective(s): Students will be able to:
Understand the Importance of body shape
Understand the Forces and moments acting on the body
Skill focused on:Vehicle aerodynamics
Resources:
Marker, Board, Multimedia, Text Book
Forces and Moments acting on a vehicle
Aerodynamic drag
Aerodynamic means the behavior of the air motion relative to the car body.
Aerodynamic drag is also called as air resistance.
Air drag force acts in the direction of vehicle motion.
The total aerodynamic drag of a vehicle include many factors such as profile drag
(57%), induced drag (8%), skin friction (10%), interference drag (15%) and cooling
and ventilation drag (10%).
Stream line of air flow around the vehicle should be continuous and separation of
the boundary layer with its attendant vertices should be avoided.
Skin drag coefficient should be decrease by smooth and well-polished of body
surface.
The accessories such as mirror, door handle aerials and badges which project
outward from normal surface of body produce interference drag and projection
below the vehicle such as axle, propeller shaft, tow bar also contribute interference
drag hence such projection should be avoided.
Aerodynamic lift
It is the vertical component of the resultant force caused by the pressure distribution
on the vehicle body.
The aerodynamic lift and pitching moment are undesirable effects.
The aerodynamic lift tends to reduce the pressure between the Tyre and the ground.
This causes the loss of steering on the front axle and loss of traction on the rear axle.
Pitching causes rear wheel lift off the ground and reduces available traction.
It is the rocking chair or rotating action about the transverse axis through the vehicle
parallel to ground.
Due to pitching, the front suspension moves out of phase with the rear resulting in
rocking effect in a vehicle.
Side force
The imbalance of the wheel due to centrifugal force acts on the vehicle during
turning which produces a side thrust.
To sustain that force, the plane of the wheel makes some angle with the direction of
motion of the vehicle. This is achieved by the direction of tyre which is flexible.
The angle form during taking turn to sustain the side thrust is known as slip angle
and the force produce to counter acts the side thrust is called as cornering force.
Yawing movement (Bouncing)
It is vertical movement of the complete body.
Depending upon the movement of front end or rear end the bounce is known as
front end bounce or rear end bounce.
Rolling movement
It is the movement of a vehicle about its longitudinal axis produced due to
centrifugal force act during cornering.
The retarding and cornering forces are applied at road levels but the center of gravity
of a vehicle is at a certain height.
During cornering, a turning couple is produced about the longitudinal axis of the
vehicle owing to centrifugal force acting at center of gravity and forces acting at the
point of contact of road and Tyre patch.
This results in a motion known as rolling.
A combination of rolling and pitching is called diagonal pitch.
Activity- 1: Effect of Lift and drag force
Activity- 2: Different moments acting on body
Success Criteria:
Students were listening attentively and asked valid questions regarding topic
Students were participating in active discussions
Assessment Plan:
Couple of questions will be asked from students to clarify the understanding of the whole class,
for example:
importance of good aerodynamic shape?
Different forces acting on body?
C.W: Explain Different forces on vehicle in motion
H.W: Write down different methods to reduce drag.
HOD Sign: _______________________ Date: ______________________