Republic of the Philippines
Region 12 – SOCCSKSARGEN
Schools Division Office of Cotabato
SAHMYOOK INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY, INC
Purok – 4, Gambodes, Arakan, 9417, North Cotabato
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
SCIENCE 7 HANDOUT
QUARTER 1 – PARTICLE MOTION AND STATES OF MATTER
Name: _______________________________
Grade & Section: ______________________
Date: ________________________________
Topic:
PARTICLE MOTION AND STATES OF MATTER
Learning Competencies
At the end of this lesson, learners should be able to:
1. Describe that particles are constantly in motion.
2. Explain that particles have spaces between them.
3. Describe the attractive forces between particles.
4. Explain how heat affects particle movement.
5. Compare the particles found in solids, liquids, and gases.
6. Use diagrams and illustrations to describe the arrangement, spacing,
and movement of particles in the three states of matter.
Learning Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
✔ Describe particle motion.
✔ Explain that particles have spaces between them.
✔ Describe particle attraction.
✔ Explain how heat affects particle movement.
✔ Compare particles in solids, liquids, and gases.
✔ Use diagrams to describe particle arrangement.
Essential Question
How does the motion of particles explain the different states of
matter?
Introduction
Everything around us is made of matter. The air we breathe, the water we
drink, the books we read, and even our own bodies are forms of matter.
Matter may look solid and continuous, but scientists discovered that all
matter is actually made of extremely tiny particles called atoms and
molecules.
These particles are so small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye.
Even though we cannot see them, they are always moving.
The way these particles move, arrange themselves, and interact with one
another determines whether matter exists as a solid, liquid, or gas.
What is Matter?
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Matter is anything that:
• has mass
• occupies space (has volume)
Examples:
Water
Air
Rocks
Wood
Metal
Plants
Animals
People
Examples of things that are NOT matter:
Light
Heat
Sound
Electricity
The Particle Theory of Matter
Scientists use the Particle Theory of Matter to explain the behavior of
matter.
The theory states that:
1. All matter is made of tiny particles.
Everything consists of very small particles called atoms or molecules.
Example:
A drop of water contains billions of water molecules.
2. Particles are constantly moving.
Even though objects appear still, the particles inside them are continuously
moving.
The speed of movement depends on the temperature.
Example:
The molecules in ice vibrate in place.
The molecules in steam move rapidly in all directions.
3. There are spaces between particles.
Particles are not packed completely together.
The amount of space depends on the state of matter.
Solids → very little space
Liquids → moderate space
Gases → very large space
This explains why gases can be compressed while solids cannot.
4. Particles attract one another.
Particles pull on each other through attractive forces.
The strength of attraction differs among solids, liquids, and gases.
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Strong attraction → particles stay close.
Weak attraction → particles spread apart.
5. Heating increases particle movement.
Adding heat increases the kinetic energy of particles.
As particles gain energy:
they move faster
collide more often
spread farther apart
Cooling removes energy.
Particles:
slow down
move closer together
Particle Motion
Particle motion refers to the continuous movement of particles.
Even objects that appear motionless have moving particles.
Example:
A wooden table looks still.
However, the particles inside the wood are vibrating continuously.
Kinetic Energy
The energy of moving particles is called kinetic energy.
More heat → more kinetic energy.
Less heat → less kinetic energy.
Effect of Temperature on Particles
When heat is added:
✓ particles move faster
✓ spaces become larger
✓ matter may change state
When heat is removed:
✓ particles slow down
✓ particles become closer
✓ matter may freeze or condense
States of Matter
Matter commonly exists in three states:
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
Each state has different particle arrangements and movements.
SOLIDS
Properties
• Definite shape
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• Definite volume
• Difficult to compress
Particle Arrangement
Very close together
Neatly packed
Strong attraction
Particle Motion
Particles only vibrate in fixed positions.
Diagram
Examples
Rock
Chair
Ice
Coin
Book
LIQUIDS
Properties
• Definite volume
• No definite shape
• Takes the shape of its container
Particle Arrangement
Particles are close together but not fixed.
Particle Motion
Particles slide past one another.
Diagram
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Purok – 4, Gambodes, Arakan, 9417, North Cotabato
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Examples
Water
Juice
Milk
Cooking oil
GASES
Properties
• No definite shape
• No definite volume
• Easily compressed
Particle Arrangement
Particles are very far apart.
Particle Motion
Particles move freely in all directions.
Diagram
Examples
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Steam
Helium
Comparison of the Three States of Matter
Property Solid Liquid Gas
Shape Definite Takes shape of container No definite shape
Volume Definite Definite No definite volume
Particle Arrangement Very close Close Far apart
Particle Motion Vibrate Slide Move freely
Attractive Force Very strong Moderate Very weak
Compressibility Very low Low High
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Republic of the Philippines
Region 12 – SOCCSKSARGEN
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SAHMYOOK INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY, INC
Purok – 4, Gambodes, Arakan, 9417, North Cotabato
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Particle Attraction
Particle attraction refers to the force that pulls particles toward each other.
Strong Attraction
Solids
Moderate Attraction
Liquids
Weak Attraction
Gases
The stronger the attraction, the less the particles move.
Heat and Changes in State
Heating and cooling cause matter to change state.
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Melting
Solid → Liquid
Example:
Ice melts into water.
Freezing
Liquid → Solid
Example:
Water freezes into ice.
Evaporation
Liquid → Gas
Example:
Wet clothes dry under the sun.
Condensation
Gas → Liquid
Example:
Water droplets form on a cold glass.
Real-Life Applications
Cooking
Heat changes solid butter into liquid butter.
Perfume
Perfume particles spread throughout a room because gas particles move
freely.
Inflating Balloons
Air particles occupy space and expand when heated.
Refrigerators
Cooling slows particle motion, preserving food.
Key Vocabulary
Matter – Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Particle – Tiny building block of matter.
Atom – Smallest unit of an element.
Molecule – Two or more atoms joined together.
Kinetic Energy – Energy of motion.
Temperature – Measure of how hot or cold something is.
Heat – Energy transferred because of temperature difference.
Solid – State with fixed shape and volume.
Liquid – State with fixed volume but changing shape.
Gas – State with no fixed shape or volume.
Particle Attraction – Force pulling particles together.
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Republic of the Philippines
Region 12 – SOCCSKSARGEN
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Purok – 4, Gambodes, Arakan, 9417, North Cotabato
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Remember!
✔ All matter is made of tiny particles.
✔ Particles are always moving.
✔ Particles have spaces between them.
✔ Particles attract one another.
✔ Heat makes particles move faster.
✔ Cooling makes particles move slower.
✔ Particle arrangement determines the state of matter.
Quick Check!
A. Identification
Write the correct answer.
1. Anything that has mass and occupies space is called __________.
2. Tiny building blocks of matter are called __________.
3. The energy of moving particles is __________.
4. Which state has particles that are farthest apart? __________
5. Which state has the strongest particle attraction? __________
B. True or False
Write TRUE if correct; otherwise, write FALSE.
_____ 1. Particles stop moving when matter is cold.
_____ 2. Gas particles are very far apart.
_____ 3. Heat causes particles to move faster.
_____ 4. Solids have the weakest attraction.
_____ 5. Liquids have definite volume.
C. Multiple Choice: Encircle the Letter of the correct answer.
1. Which statement about particles is correct?
A. They never move.
B. They are always in motion.
C. They disappear when heated.
D. They have no attraction.
2. Which state has particles that only vibrate?
A. Gas
B. Liquid
C. Solid
D. Plasma
3. Which process changes a liquid into a gas?
A. Freezing
B. Condensation
C. Evaporation
D. Melting
4. Heating matter causes particles to
A. stop moving
B. move slower
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Region 12 – SOCCSKSARGEN
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SAHMYOOK INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY, INC
Purok – 4, Gambodes, Arakan, 9417, North Cotabato
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
C. move faster
D. disappear
5. Which has the strongest attractive force?
A. Gas
B. Liquid
C. Solid
D. Steam
ACTIVITY: WORKSHEET
Part A: Draw the particle arrangement (30 points)
Using a separate A4 Bondpaper:
Draw the particle arrangement of:
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
Below each drawing, explain:
• the arrangement of particles
• the spaces between particles
• how the particles move
• the strength of attraction between particles
Use different colors and label each illustration properly.
Part B. Identify the State of Matter (5 points)
Direction: Write Solid, Liquid, or Gas.
1. Water vapor inside a kettle ________
2. Ice cube ________
3. Juice in a glass ________
4. Oxygen in the air ________
5. A wooden chair ________
Part C. Answer the Questions (6 points)
1. According to the particle model of matter, what is matter made of?
2. How are particles arranged in a solid?
3. How do particles move in a liquid?
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Republic of the Philippines
Region 12 – SOCCSKSARGEN
Schools Division Office of Cotabato
SAHMYOOK INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY, INC
Purok – 4, Gambodes, Arakan, 9417, North Cotabato
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. How do particles move in a gas?
5. Which state of matter has particles that are farthest apart?
6. Why can gases be compressed more easily than solids and liquids?
Reflection (5 points)
In 3–5 sentences, explain how the particle model helps us understand the
different properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
Rubric
* Correct drawings and labels – 30 points
* Identification – 5 points
* Questions – 6 points
* Reflection – 5 points
Total: 46 points
Exit Ticket
Complete the sentences.
Today I learned that ________________________________________________.
The most interesting fact I discovered is ________________________________.
I still want to learn more about _______________________________________.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
SIA – Basic Education Program | Soaring High for God’s Glory Through Adventist Education
Send us an email on: sahmyookinternationalacademy@[Link]
Republic of the Philippines
Region 12 – SOCCSKSARGEN
Schools Division Office of Cotabato
SAHMYOOK INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY, INC
Purok – 4, Gambodes, Arakan, 9417, North Cotabato
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
SIA – Basic Education Program | Soaring High for God’s Glory Through Adventist Education
Send us an email on: sahmyookinternationalacademy@[Link]