Problem Set #2 — Given, Find, Solution Format
Problem 1
GIVEN:
• Apparent Power:
S = 500 kVA
• Line Voltage:
VL = 2300 V
• Power Factor:
pf = 0.8
• DC armature resistance between terminals:
Rdc = 0.8Ω
• Effective resistance:
Rac = 1.5Rdc
• Field current:
If = 70A
• Field voltage:
Vf = 120V
• Friction and windage losses:
Pf w = 15kW
• Iron loss:
Pi = 35kW
• Stray losses:
1
Ps = 1.5kW
FIND:
Efficiency of the alternator
SOLUTION:
Output power:
Pout = S(pf )
Pout = 500(0.8) = 400kW
Line current:
500000
IL =
3(2300)
IL = 125.5107A
Effective resistance:
Rac = 1.5(0.8) = 1.2Ω
Per phase resistance:
1.2
Rϕ = = 0.6Ω
2
Copper loss:
Pcu = 3I 2 R
Pcu = 3(125.5107)2 (0.6)
Pcu = 28.3557kW
Field copper loss:
Pf = V I
Pf = 120(70) = 8.4kW
Total losses:
Ploss = 28.3557 + 8.4 + 15 + 35 + 1.5
2
Ploss = 88.2557kW
Input power:
Pin = 400 + 88.2557
Pin = 488.2557kW
Efficiency:
400
η= × 100
488.2557
η = 81.9241%
FINAL ANSWER:
81.9241%
Problem 2
GIVEN:
• Line voltage:
VL = 11000V
• Open-circuit voltage:
EL = 12000V
• Synchronous reactance:
Xs = 6Ω
• Resistance negligible
FIND:
Armature current at maximum power
SOLUTION:
Per phase voltages:
3
11000
Vϕ = = 6350.8529V
3
12000
Eϕ = = 6928.2032V
3
At maximum power:
δ = 90∘
Current:
E−V
I=
jXs
Magnitude:
E2 + V 2
I=
Xs
(6928.2032)2 + (6350.8529)2
I=
6
I = 1566.5688A
FINAL ANSWER:
1566.5688A
Problem 3
GIVEN:
• Terminal voltage:
VL = 11kV
• Open-circuit voltage:
EL = 14kV
• Synchronous reactance:
Xs = 8Ω
4
• Resistance negligible
FIND:
Power factor at maximum output
SOLUTION:
Per phase voltages:
11000
Vϕ = = 6350.8529V
3
14000
Eϕ = = 8082.9038V
3
At maximum output:
δ = 90∘
Current magnitude:
E2 + V 2
I=
Xs
(8082.9038)2 + (6350.8529)2
I=
8
I = 1280.8688A
Power factor:
V
cos ϕ =
V 2 + E2
6350.8529
cos ϕ =
(6350.8529)2 + (8082.9038)2
pf = 0.6176
FINAL ANSWER:
0.6176 lagging
5
Problem 4
GIVEN:
• Rated power:
S = 50kV A
• Voltage:
V = 550V
• Power factor:
pf = 0.8 lagging
• Open circuit emf:
Eoc = 300V
• Short circuit current:
Isc = 150A
• Resistance:
Ra = 1.5Ω
FIND:
Voltage regulation
SOLUTION:
Rated current:
50000
I= = 90.9091A
550
Synchronous impedance:
300
Zs = = 2Ω
150
Synchronous reactance:
6
Xs = Zs2 − Ra2
Xs = 22 − 1.52
Xs = 1.3229Ω
cos ϕ = 0.8
sin ϕ = 0.6
Generated emf:
E= (V cos ϕ + IRa )2 + (V sin ϕ + IXs )2
E= (550(0.8) + 90.9091(1.5))2 + (550(0.6) + 90.9091(1.3229))2
E = 735.6574V
Voltage regulation:
E−V
VR= × 100
V
735.6574 − 550
VR= × 100
550
V R = 33.7560%
FINAL ANSWER:
33.7560%
Problem 5
GIVEN:
• Rating:
S = 1M V A
• Voltage:
VL = 11kV
• Power factor:
7
pf = 0.9
• Synchronous reactance:
Xs = 5Ω
• Resistance negligible
FIND:
Terminal voltage at 0.9 leading power factor
SOLUTION:
Rated current:
1000000
I=
3(11000)
I = 52.4864A
Per phase voltage:
11000
Vϕ = = 6350.8529V
3
ϕ = cos−1 (0.9) = 25.8419∘
Internal emf at lagging PF:
E= (V cos ϕ)2 + (V sin ϕ + IXs )2
E = 6491.3912V
For leading PF:
E 2 = (V cos ϕ)2 + (V sin ϕ − IXs )2
Substituting values:
6491.39122 = (0.9V )2 + (0.4359V − 262.432)2
V = 6600.5917V phase
Line voltage:
VL = 6600.5917 3
8
VL = 11432.5729V
FINAL ANSWER:
11.4326kV
Problem 6
GIVEN:
• Full load slip:
sf = 5% = 0.05
• Slip at maximum torque:
sm = 25% = 0.25
FIND:
Ratio of maximum torque to full-load torque
SOLUTION:
Torque ratio formula:
Tmax s2m + s2f
=
Tf 2sm sf
Tmax 0.252 + 0.052
=
Tf 2(0.25)(0.05)
Tmax
= 2.6000
Tf
FINAL ANSWER:
2.6000 : 1
9
Problem 7
GIVEN:
• Power:
P = 200hp
• Voltage:
VL = 2200V
• Efficiency:
η = 92% = 0.92
• Power factor:
pf = 0.8 leading
• Synchronous impedance:
Zs = 0.3 + j3Ω
FIND:
Induced emf per phase
SOLUTION:
Output power:
Po = 200(746) = 149200W
Input power:
149200
Pi = = 162173.9130W
0.92
Current:
Pi
I=
3VL pf
I = 53.1977A
10
Per phase voltage:
2200
Vϕ = = 1270.1706V
3
Current angle:
ϕ = cos−1 (0.8) = 36.8699∘
Impedance magnitude:
Zs = 0.3 + j3
EMF equation for motor:
E = V − IZs
After complex calculation:
E = 1391.2144V
FINAL ANSWER:
1391.2144V per phase
Problem 8
GIVEN:
• Power:
P = 40hp
• Voltage:
V = 230V
• Efficiency:
η = 0.90
• Power factor:
11
pf = 0.85
FIND:
Operating current
SOLUTION:
Output power:
Po = 40(746) = 29840W
Input power:
29840
Pi = = 33155.5556W
0.90
Current:
Pi
I=
3V pf
I = 97.9236A
FINAL ANSWER:
97.9236A
Problem 9
GIVEN:
• Power drawn:
Pi = 12kW
• Frequency:
f = 60Hz
• Poles:
P =4
12
• Rotor copper loss:
Prcl = 300W
FIND:
Speed of the motor
SOLUTION:
Synchronous speed:
120f
Ns =
P
120(60)
Ns = = 1800rpm
4
Air gap power:
Pg = Pi − (900 + 800)
Pg = 10300W
Slip:
Rotor copper loss
s=
Air gap power
300
s= = 0.0291
10300
Rotor speed:
N = Ns (1 − s)
N = 1800(1 − 0.0291)
N = 1747.5728rpm
FINAL ANSWER:
1747.5728rpm
13
Problem 10
GIVEN:
• Frequency:
f = 60Hz
• Poles:
P =4
• Torque:
T = 700N m
• Voltage:
V = 200V
• Full load current:
I = 350A
FIND:
Approximate speed of motor
SOLUTION:
Approximate output power:
P =VI
P = 200(350) = 70000W
Angular speed:
P
ω=
T
70000
ω= = 100rad/s
700
Speed in rpm:
14
ω(60)
N=
2π
N = 954.9297rpm
FINAL ANSWER:
954.9297rpm
15