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Problem Set 2 Complete Solutions

The document contains a series of electrical engineering problems, each presented in a Given, Find, Solution format. It covers various topics including efficiency calculations, armature current, power factor, voltage regulation, and motor speed. Each problem is solved step-by-step, providing final answers for each scenario.

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justzy4917
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
6 views15 pages

Problem Set 2 Complete Solutions

The document contains a series of electrical engineering problems, each presented in a Given, Find, Solution format. It covers various topics including efficiency calculations, armature current, power factor, voltage regulation, and motor speed. Each problem is solved step-by-step, providing final answers for each scenario.

Uploaded by

justzy4917
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Problem Set #2 — Given, Find, Solution Format

Problem 1

GIVEN:

• Apparent Power:

S = 500 kVA

• Line Voltage:

VL = 2300 V

• Power Factor:

pf = 0.8

• DC armature resistance between terminals:

Rdc = 0.8Ω

• Effective resistance:

Rac = 1.5Rdc

• Field current:

If = 70A

• Field voltage:

Vf = 120V

• Friction and windage losses:

Pf w = 15kW

• Iron loss:

Pi = 35kW

• Stray losses:

1
Ps = 1.5kW

FIND:

Efficiency of the alternator

SOLUTION:

Output power:

Pout = S(pf )

Pout = 500(0.8) = 400kW

Line current:

500000
IL =
3(2300)
IL = 125.5107A

Effective resistance:

Rac = 1.5(0.8) = 1.2Ω

Per phase resistance:

1.2
Rϕ = = 0.6Ω
2

Copper loss:

Pcu = 3I 2 R

Pcu = 3(125.5107)2 (0.6)

Pcu = 28.3557kW

Field copper loss:

Pf = V I

Pf = 120(70) = 8.4kW

Total losses:

Ploss = 28.3557 + 8.4 + 15 + 35 + 1.5

2
Ploss = 88.2557kW

Input power:

Pin = 400 + 88.2557

Pin = 488.2557kW

Efficiency:

400
η= × 100
488.2557
η = 81.9241%

FINAL ANSWER:

81.9241%

Problem 2
GIVEN:

• Line voltage:

VL = 11000V

• Open-circuit voltage:

EL = 12000V

• Synchronous reactance:

Xs = 6Ω

• Resistance negligible

FIND:

Armature current at maximum power

SOLUTION:

Per phase voltages:

3
11000
Vϕ = = 6350.8529V
3

12000
Eϕ = = 6928.2032V
3
At maximum power:

δ = 90∘

Current:

E−V
I=
jXs

Magnitude:

E2 + V 2
I=
Xs

(6928.2032)2 + (6350.8529)2
I=
6
I = 1566.5688A

FINAL ANSWER:

1566.5688A

Problem 3
GIVEN:

• Terminal voltage:

VL = 11kV

• Open-circuit voltage:

EL = 14kV

• Synchronous reactance:

Xs = 8Ω

4
• Resistance negligible

FIND:

Power factor at maximum output

SOLUTION:

Per phase voltages:

11000
Vϕ = = 6350.8529V
3

14000
Eϕ = = 8082.9038V
3
At maximum output:

δ = 90∘

Current magnitude:

E2 + V 2
I=
Xs

(8082.9038)2 + (6350.8529)2
I=
8
I = 1280.8688A

Power factor:

V
cos ϕ =
V 2 + E2

6350.8529
cos ϕ =
(6350.8529)2 + (8082.9038)2

pf = 0.6176

FINAL ANSWER:

0.6176 lagging

5
Problem 4
GIVEN:

• Rated power:

S = 50kV A

• Voltage:

V = 550V

• Power factor:

pf = 0.8 lagging

• Open circuit emf:

Eoc = 300V

• Short circuit current:

Isc = 150A

• Resistance:

Ra = 1.5Ω

FIND:

Voltage regulation

SOLUTION:

Rated current:

50000
I= = 90.9091A
550

Synchronous impedance:

300
Zs = = 2Ω
150

Synchronous reactance:

6
Xs = Zs2 − Ra2

Xs = 22 − 1.52

Xs = 1.3229Ω

cos ϕ = 0.8

sin ϕ = 0.6

Generated emf:

E= (V cos ϕ + IRa )2 + (V sin ϕ + IXs )2

E= (550(0.8) + 90.9091(1.5))2 + (550(0.6) + 90.9091(1.3229))2

E = 735.6574V

Voltage regulation:

E−V
VR= × 100
V

735.6574 − 550
VR= × 100
550
V R = 33.7560%

FINAL ANSWER:

33.7560%

Problem 5
GIVEN:

• Rating:

S = 1M V A

• Voltage:

VL = 11kV

• Power factor:

7
pf = 0.9

• Synchronous reactance:

Xs = 5Ω

• Resistance negligible

FIND:

Terminal voltage at 0.9 leading power factor

SOLUTION:

Rated current:

1000000
I=
3(11000)
I = 52.4864A

Per phase voltage:

11000
Vϕ = = 6350.8529V
3

ϕ = cos−1 (0.9) = 25.8419∘

Internal emf at lagging PF:

E= (V cos ϕ)2 + (V sin ϕ + IXs )2

E = 6491.3912V

For leading PF:

E 2 = (V cos ϕ)2 + (V sin ϕ − IXs )2

Substituting values:

6491.39122 = (0.9V )2 + (0.4359V − 262.432)2

V = 6600.5917V phase

Line voltage:

VL = 6600.5917 3

8
VL = 11432.5729V

FINAL ANSWER:

11.4326kV

Problem 6
GIVEN:

• Full load slip:

sf = 5% = 0.05

• Slip at maximum torque:

sm = 25% = 0.25

FIND:

Ratio of maximum torque to full-load torque

SOLUTION:

Torque ratio formula:

Tmax s2m + s2f


=
Tf 2sm sf

Tmax 0.252 + 0.052


=
Tf 2(0.25)(0.05)
Tmax
= 2.6000
Tf

FINAL ANSWER:

2.6000 : 1

9
Problem 7
GIVEN:

• Power:

P = 200hp

• Voltage:

VL = 2200V

• Efficiency:

η = 92% = 0.92

• Power factor:

pf = 0.8 leading

• Synchronous impedance:

Zs = 0.3 + j3Ω

FIND:

Induced emf per phase

SOLUTION:

Output power:

Po = 200(746) = 149200W

Input power:

149200
Pi = = 162173.9130W
0.92

Current:

Pi
I=
3VL pf

I = 53.1977A

10
Per phase voltage:

2200
Vϕ = = 1270.1706V
3

Current angle:

ϕ = cos−1 (0.8) = 36.8699∘

Impedance magnitude:

Zs = 0.3 + j3

EMF equation for motor:

E = V − IZs

After complex calculation:

E = 1391.2144V

FINAL ANSWER:

1391.2144V per phase

Problem 8
GIVEN:

• Power:

P = 40hp

• Voltage:

V = 230V

• Efficiency:

η = 0.90

• Power factor:

11
pf = 0.85

FIND:

Operating current

SOLUTION:

Output power:

Po = 40(746) = 29840W

Input power:

29840
Pi = = 33155.5556W
0.90

Current:

Pi
I=
3V pf

I = 97.9236A

FINAL ANSWER:

97.9236A

Problem 9
GIVEN:

• Power drawn:

Pi = 12kW

• Frequency:

f = 60Hz

• Poles:

P =4

12
• Rotor copper loss:

Prcl = 300W

FIND:

Speed of the motor

SOLUTION:

Synchronous speed:

120f
Ns =
P

120(60)
Ns = = 1800rpm
4
Air gap power:

Pg = Pi − (900 + 800)

Pg = 10300W

Slip:

Rotor copper loss


s=
Air gap power

300
s= = 0.0291
10300
Rotor speed:

N = Ns (1 − s)

N = 1800(1 − 0.0291)

N = 1747.5728rpm

FINAL ANSWER:

1747.5728rpm

13
Problem 10
GIVEN:

• Frequency:

f = 60Hz

• Poles:

P =4

• Torque:

T = 700N m

• Voltage:

V = 200V

• Full load current:

I = 350A

FIND:

Approximate speed of motor

SOLUTION:

Approximate output power:

P =VI

P = 200(350) = 70000W

Angular speed:

P
ω=
T

70000
ω= = 100rad/s
700
Speed in rpm:

14
ω(60)
N=

N = 954.9297rpm

FINAL ANSWER:

954.9297rpm

15

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