Chapter-10

1. Write the results of Faraday's experiment on electromagnetic induction.

Ans: 1) whenever there

is a relative motion between a coil and a magnet an induced current flows in the cool. ii) induce current
is change in the number of magnetic lines of force link it with the coil iii) the strength of induced e.m.f. is
directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic lines of force.

2 Write the differences between AC and DC generators.

AC Generator

1.) Direction of electric current reverse periodically

ii) there are two metal slip rings connected to the terminal of the coil

iii) two metal brushes are in contact with two rings separately.

DC Generator

1) direction of electric current flows in one direction only

ii) there are two half of split rings connected to the terminal of the coil
ii) the brushes are in contact with two half of split rings alternatively at every half rotation of the coil.

3. Write the advantages of AC over DC.

1) AC can produced easily and cheaply than UC

Ans:

il) AC can be transmitted over a long distances without much loss of heat

iii) AC voltage can be transformed to any desire value with the help of a transformer.

4. What precautions should be taken for overloading of domestic circuits?

Ans: 1) All household wire should be of good quality and properly insulated

ii) there should be division of circuit sections into different section

iii) electric fuse should be used in different sections.

5. Write the construction of AC generator.

Ans: It consist of a coil of wire which is rotated in the magnetic field between poles of a U-shape
permanent and strong magnet. This is known as field magnet. An armature of several coil on an iron
core, two slip rings connect with the two ends of the coil mounted on the coil spindle, two carbon brush
P and Q obtained the current from the coil press slightly against the slip rings to obtained desire current.
How many resistors 200 ohm's of each will be required in parallel connection to carry 5 A on 200 V line
supply?

Ans: Here V = 200v I = 5 and F = 500 Then, If no. of resistance is 'n', we get 1 =5 Thus, no.. of resistors
required is 5. 1 / R * p = n * 1/200 1/40 = (n * 1)/200 n = 200/40 = 200/5 R_{D} = v/l = 40Omega

Chaptet-9

Ans

1. Write some properties of magnetic line of force.

: 1) They are always normal to the surface of the magnet at every point

ii) they start from a North Pole and end at a South Pole

iii) two lines of force never intersect each other.

2 Differentiate between Bar magnet an't electro magnet.

Ans

Bar Magnet

1) it produce weak magnetic fields

ii) it's strength is fixed

iii) it's polarities can't interchange each other

Electro

Permanent Magnet

1) it's produce a strong magnetic field

ii) it's strength can reduce or upgrade

iii) it's polarity is changeable in vary form.

How can you increase the power of an electric motor?

3. i. By using electromagnet inplace of permanent magnet

Ans:

ii) by increasing the no. of turns of coil

iii) by winding the coil on soft iron core.

4. Write the factors affecting the strength of an electromagnet.

Ans: 1) the no. of turns in the coil

ii) the current flowing in the coil

iii) the length of air gaps between it's poles.

5. Write the construction of an electric motor.

Ans: It consists of a rectangular loop of wire ABCD which is wound on an armature rotates around a
spindle between the Pole of magnet NS. The coil is connected to a split ring Commutator XY. There are
two carbon brushes P and Q, P males contact with X and Q with Y. A current is passed through the coil
ABCD with the help of battery.

6. Write the advantages of electromagnet over permanent magnet.

Ans:i) it can easily charge the strength of magnetic field

ii) direction of magnetic field can be reversed

iii) it can turn on and off.

Chapter-10

Electromagnetic induction

1. What is electromagnetic induction?

Ans: The relative motion between a magnet and a coil can generate electric current coil. This
phenomenon is called electromagnetic induction.

2. What is an electric generator?

Ans: It is a device which can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

3. What is a short circuit?

Ans: It is the direct connection of live and neutral wire.

4. How can you convert AC into a DC generator?

Ans: By changing the slip ring into a split ring.

5. How does the core of the genset rotate to produce electric current?

Ans: In genset of diesel, petrol and kerosene engine used to rotate the armature c generator to produce
electric current.

6 What is an electric fuse?

Ans: It is a safety device used to protect domestic circuits.

Chapter-11
Light

1. What is presbyopia?

Ans: It is an eye defect caused due to decrease in the power of accommodation

2. What is the critical angle?

Ans: The angle of incidence whose angle of refraction is 90°.

3. What is Snell's law?

Ans: It states that for a given pair of media, the ratio of sine of angle of incidenc of refraction is constant,
for a particular colour of light.

4. What are mirages?

Ans: The optical illusion caused by different layers of the atmosphere having dit density is called mirage.

6. The potential at a point is 20V. Calculate the amount of work done to bring the charge of 0.5 C from
infinity to this point

Ans: We know,

V=W Q

W=VxQ
= 20 x 0.5 J

= 10 J

State left hand rules.

Ans: Stress the thumb, fore finger and riddle finger of the left hand such that they are mutually
perpendicular. If the for finger points to magnetic field, the middle finge points direction of current and
thumb points will points in direction of motion

2. Draw a magnetic line of force due to a circular wire carrying curreni.

Ans:

3. Why don't two magnetic line of forces belongs to same field never intersect eas other?

Ans: If two magnetic lines of forces intersect then ther will be two tangents at that po two directions of
magnetic field at the point of intersection which is impossible.

4. The magnetic field pattern in a solenoid is simili with the bar magnet. Explain Ans: A current carrying
solenoid behave like a bar mag het. Among the twe ends of so one end behave as a magnetic North-pole
and inother end as south- pole um current flow in it

4. What is natural gas?

Ans: Natural gas is a fossil fuel which consists mainly of methane and small quantities of ethane and
propane
5. What are fossils?

Ans: The remains of plants and animals that had been buried under the surface of the earth over
millions of years are called fossils.

2 marks questions

Chapter-8

1. State ohm's law. Deduce I = V / R from ohm's law.

Ans: It states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential
difference across the end of the conductor, provided the temperatur remains constant.

By ohm's law, v ^ (∞) * 1

V = a constant x I V = R * 1 , R is resistance I = V/R

2 Write any two advantages of parallel combination. Ans: 1) it doesn't affect whole components when
one gets fused.

ii) equal amount of voltage supply in each component.

3. What are the disadvantages of series combinations?

Ans: I) it affects whole components when one gets fused.

ii) difficult to find the defects by electricians.

4. A 1.0 m long wire has 1 mm diameter and resistance of 70. Calculate the of the wire.

Ans: we know, = (22x * 10 ^ - 6 * 7)/(7 * 4 * 1) p = RA / I = r * d2R / 4 * I = 5.5 * 10 ^ - 6 * Omega*m

5. An electric bulb is rated [Link] the resistance of the filament..

Ans: Here, V = 220V R = By applying P = (v ^ 2)/R we get, P = 100W

Write disadvantages of AC over DC.

Ans:

1) AC gives a huge and sudden shock which become fatal.

2)AC is conducted over the surface of a conductor, it increases effective resistance of the conductor.

3 Many electrical appliances and circuits are earthed. Give reason to support the statement

Ans: Because,I) if there is slight leakage of current to the body of the appliances and circuits, it's
potential remains the same as the earth and prevents from electric shocks

ii) Proper earthling can also act as neutral in absence of neutral.

4. What is the role of a fuse in an electric circuit?

Ans: Whenever a high voltage of current flows in the circuit due to over loading or short circuit, the fuse
gets heated then melts and disconnects the circuit from the main power line. A fuse is to be connected
to live wire for safety.

1. Write the causes of Hypermetropia?

enoid

Ans: 1) Contraction of the length of the eye ball or

the

ii) the focal length of the eye lens becomes too large.

2. What is astigmatism? How will you correct it?

Ans: The defect of the eye due to which a person cannot focus on both horizontal and vertical lines
simultaneously is called astigmatis.

7. What is a Positive ion?

Ans: an atom or group of atoms that has positive electric charge due to loss of electron

8. Why is electricity considered the most convenient form of energy?

Ans: Because it can be easily cor verted into heat, light and mechanical energies for u the house, school,
hospital etc.

Chapter-9
Magnetism

Chap

What is the role of brush in electric motor?

Ans: It provides electrical contact between commutator and terminal of the external b

2. What is the principle of an electric motor?

Ans: If a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, a force acts on the conductor.

3) What is the role of a commutator in an electric motor?

Ans: The role of the commutator is to reverse the direction of electric current for ever rotation of the
coil.

1. Give the precautions to be taken in handling electrical circuits to avoid the hazards of electricity (Give
5 different points)

Ans
1) All wire should be insulated properly

ii) Metal tools used in repairing should be insulated properly

iii) one should not touch the metallic body of any appliances when it ey are switch on if not properly
earthed

(v) Never touch any of the appliances or switch with wet hand or barefoot

v) In case of fire main switch must be immediately switched.

2. Define resistance of wire. Write the expression for equivalent resistance of two resistors Ri and R2
when they are connected in parallel nd in series In which case do you get an equivalent resistance less
than each of 't e given resistances? Write the unit of resistivity

Ans

: a) The property of a conducting wire by virtue of which it opposes the flow of current through it is
called resistance of the conducting wire

b) the equivalent resistance Rp= R1R2 R1+R2

The equivalent resistance Rs= R1+R2 In parallel combination, the equivalent resistance is less than R1 Or
Rz The unit of resistivity is ohm, metre. (2m)
Write the construction and working process of an electric motor.

Ans Construction; It consists of a rectangular loop of wire ABCD which is wound on an armature. The
rotates around a spindle between the Pole of magnet NS. The coil is connected to a split ring
Commutator XY. There are two carbon brushes P and Q. P males contact with X and Q with Y. A current
is passed through the coil ABCD with the help of battery

Working: Let us assume that the coil ABCD is horizontal. When the current is passed in the direction
DCBA, the conductor is push down BA push down (according to Fleming Left Hand rule). This rotates the
coil clockwise. After half rotation, the carbon brush P makes contact with Y, while Q makes contact with
X. This reverses the current through the coil ABCD. This reversal pushes AB down and CD up. Thus the
coil ABCD starts moving in the clock wise direction continuously