beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  47

wØZxq Aa¨vq
exRMvwYwZK ivwk

cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`

 exRMvwYwZK ivwk (Algebraic expression) : exRMvwYwZK ivwk‡K ms‡ÿ‡c ivwk ejv nq| †hgb : 2x, 2x +
3y, 6x + 4y2 BZ¨vw` cÖ‡Z¨‡KB GK GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk| G‡`i cÖZxKwU‡K PjK ejv nq|
 eûc`x : eûc`x we‡kl ai‡bi exRMvwYwZK ivwk| Giƒc ivwk‡Z GK ev GKvwaK c` _v‡K| c`¸‡jv GK ev
GKvwaK Pj‡Ki ïay AFYvZ¥K c~Y©mvswL¨K NvZ I aªæe‡Ki ¸Ydj|
x GKwU PjK n‡j a, ax + b, ax2 + bx + c BZ¨vw` AvKv‡ii ivwk x Pj‡Ki eûc`x| Giƒc GK Pj‡Ki eûc`x, `yB Pj‡Ki
eûc`x, wZb Pj‡Ki eûc`x n‡Z cv‡i|
 fvM‡kl I Drcv`K Dccv`¨
i. P(x) eûc`x‡K x  a Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl P(a) n‡e
ii. P(x) eûc`x‡K ax + b Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P
iii. P(a) = 0 n‡j (x  a) n‡”Q P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K
vi. P(x) eûc`xi x  a GKwU Drcv`K n‡j P(a) = 0
 mggvwÎK, cÖwZmg I Pµ-µwgK ivwk
mggvwÎK eûc`x (Homogeneous Polynomial) : †Kv‡bv eûc`xi cÖ‡Z¨K c‡`i gvÎv GKB n‡j, Zv‡K
mggvwÎK eûc`x e‡j|
cÖwZmg ivwk (Symmetric) : GKvwaK PjKwewkó †Kv‡bv exRMvwYwZK ivwki †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU Pj‡Ki
¯’vb wewbg‡q hw` ivwkwU AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K, Z‡e ivwkwU‡K H PjKmg~‡ni cÖwZmg ivwk ejv nq|
ab + bc + ca ivwkwU a, b, c Pj‡Ki Ges x2 + y2 + z2 + xy + yz + zx ivwkwU x, y, z Pj‡Ki cÖwZmg ivwk|
Pµ-µwgK ivwk (Cxclic) : Pµ-µwgK ivwk‡Z PjK¸‡jvi ¯’vb PµvKv‡i cwieZ©b n‡jI ivwki gvb AcwiewZ©Z
_v‡K|
wZb Pj‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨K ivwk Pµ-µwgK| wKš‘ cÖ‡Z¨K Pµ-µwgK ivwk cÖwZmg bq|
x2 + y2 + z2 Pµ-µwgK ivwki Kvi‡Y x Gi ¯’‡j y, y Gi ¯’‡j z Ges z Gi ¯’‡j x emv‡j ivwkwU y2 + z2 + x2 c~‡e©i ivwki
mgvb nq|
 Pµ-µwgK eûc`xi Drcv`‡K we‡kølY
K. †Kv‡bv Pµ-µwgK eûc`xi (a  b) GKwU Drcv`K n‡j, (b  c ) Ges (c  a) ivwkwUi Drcv`K n‡e|
L. GK gvÎvi Ges `yB gvÎvi mggvwÎK Pµ-µwgK eûc`x h_vµ‡g k (a + b + c) I k (a2 + b2 + c2) + m (ab + bc + ca)
†hLv‡b k I m aªæeK|
M. `yBwU eûc`x hw` Ggb nq †h, PjK¸‡jvi mKj gv‡bi Rb¨ G‡`i gvb mgvb nq, Z‡e eûc`x `yBwUi Abyiƒc
c`¸‡jvi mnM ci¯úi mgvb n‡e|
 g~j` fMœvsk (Rational Fractions) : GKwU eûc`x‡K ni Ges GKwU eûc`x‡K je a‡i MwVZ fMœvsk‡K g~j`
fMœvsk e‡j|
†hgb, Ges g~j` fMœvsk|
g~j`xq fMœvs‡ki mijxKi‡Yi mgq wb‡gœv³ A‡f`¸‡jv webv cÖgv‡Y MÖnY Kiv hvq :
i. a2 (b  c) + b2 (c  a) + c2 (a  b) =  (a  b) (b  c) (c  a)
ii. bc (b  c) + ca (c  a) + ab(a  b) = (a  b)(b  c)(c  a)
iii. a (b2  c2) + b(c2  a2) + c (a2  b2) = (a  b)(b  c)(c  a)
iv. b2c2 (b2  c2) + c2a2 (c2  a2) + a2b2 (a2  b2) =  (a  b)(b  c)(c  a) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
v. a3 (b  c) + b3 (c  a) + c3 (a  b) =  (a  b)(b  c)(c  a)(a + b + c)
vi. (ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c)  abc = (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
vii. (b + c)(c + a)(a + b) + abc = (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)
viii. (a + b + c)3  a3  b3  c3 = 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
Note : GB Aa¨v‡qi cÖwZwU A‡¼i mgvavb Ki‡Z Gme m~Î e¨envi Ki‡ZB n‡e| ZvB m~θ‡jv gyL¯’ ivLv
AZ¨šÍ Riæwi|
 AvswkK fMœvsk (Partial Fraction) : hw` †Kv‡bv fMœvsk‡K GKvwaK fMœvs‡ki †hvMdjiƒ‡c cÖKvk Kiv
hvq, Z‡e †k‡lv³ fMœvsk¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K cÖ_‡gv³ fMœvs‡ki AvswkK fMœvsk ejv nq|
aiv hvK, N(x) I D(x) DfqB x Pj‡Ki eûc`x Ges je N(x) Gi gvÎv ni D(x) Gi gvÎv A‡cÿv †QvU nq Zvn‡j
fMœvskwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk (Proper Fraction)| hw` D(x) Gi gvÎv N(x) Gi †P‡q †QvU ev mgvb nq, Z‡e †mB
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fMœvsk‡K AcÖK…Z fMœvsk (Improper Fraction) ejv nq|
 mgZv m~Î :
i. hw` mKj x Gi Rb¨ ax + b = px + q nq, Z‡e x = 0 I x = 1 ewm‡q cvB, b = q Ges a + b = p + q hv †_‡K †`Lv hvq, a =
p, b = q.
ii. hw` mKj x Gi Rb¨ ax2 + bx + c = px2 + qx + r nq; Z‡e x = 0, x = 1 I x = 1 ewm‡q cvB, c = r, a + b + c = p + q +
r Ges a  b + c = p  q + r; hv †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, a = p, b = q, c = r.
iii. mvaviYfv‡e, †`Lv hvq †h, hw` mKj x Gi Rb¨ aoxn + a1xn1 + ....+ an 1 x + an = poxn + p1xn1 + ....+ pn1 x + pn nq,
Z‡e ao = po, a1 = p1, ...., an1 = pn1, an = pn
A_©vr mgZv wP‡ýi Dfqc‡ÿ x Gi GKB Nv‡Zi mnMØq ci¯úi mgvb|

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

1. wb‡Pi †Kvb ivwkwU cÖwZmg? = +

Ka+b+c L xy + yz + zx = +
M x2  y2 + z2 N 2a2  5bc  c2 = +
mwVK DËi : K, L I M ===
e¨vL¨v : GKvwaK PjK msewjZ †Kv‡bv eûc`x x3 + px2  x  7 Gi GKwU Drcv`K x + 7| GB
exRMvwYwZK ivwki †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi 3 Ges 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI|
Pj‡Ki ¯’vb wewbg‡q hw` ivwkwU 3. p Gi gvb KZ?
AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Z‡e Zv‡K cÖwZmg K7 7 M N 477
ivwk e‡j| 4. eûc`xwUi Aci Drcv`K¸‡jvi ¸Ydj KZ?
K. a + b + c = wZbwU Pj‡Ki mv‡c‡ÿB K (x  1)(x  1) L (x + 1)(x  2)
cÖwZmg| M (x  1)(x + 3)  (x + 1)(x  1)
L. xy + yz + zx = wZbwU Pj‡Ki mv‡c‡ÿB cÖkœ \ 5 \ x4  5x3 + 7x2  a eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K
cÖwZmg| x  2 n‡j, †`LvI †h, a = 4
M. x2  y2 + z2 = ivwkwU x I z Gi mv‡c‡ÿ mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, P(x) = x4  5x3 + 7x2  a
cÖwZmg| (x  2), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e hw` P(2) = 0 nq|
N. 2a2  5bc  c2 = ivwkwU cÖwZmg bq GLb, P(2) = 24  5. 23 + 7. 22  a
KviY a, b, c Gi g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU = 16  40 + 28  a
Pj‡Ki ¯’vb cwieZ©b Ki‡j ivwkwUi gvb =4a
cwieZ©b n‡q hvq| †h‡nZz, P(2) = 0
2. (i) hw` a + b + c = 0 nq, Z‡e a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc myZivs, 4  a = 0
(ii) P(x, y, z) = + + ivwkwU Pµ-µwgK  a = 4 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
(iii) + + Gi mijxK…Z gvb cÖkœ \ 6 \ g‡b Ki, P(x) = xn  an, †hLv‡b n
Dc‡ii Dw³¸‡jvi †Kvb¸‡jv mZ¨? abvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v Ges a GKwU aªæeK|
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii K. †`LvI †h, (x  a) eûc`xwUi GKwU Drcv`K
e¨vL¨v : Ges Ggb Q(x) wbY©q Ki †hb P(x) = (x  a) Q(x)
(i) †`Iqv Av‡Q, a + b + c = 0 nq|
a+b=c mgvavb : P(x) = xn  an
evgcÿ = a3 + b3 + c3 P(x) †K (x  a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(a)
= (a + b)3 3ab (a + b) + c3  P(a) = an  an = 0
= ( c)3 3ab (c) + c3 P(x) †K (x  a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl k~b¨ nq|
=  c3 + 3ab + c3  (x  a), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
= 3abc (x  a), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
= Wvbcÿ  P(x) = xn  an
(ii) †`Iqv Av‡Q, P (x, y, z) = + + = x n  x n  1 a + x n  1a  x n  2 a 2 + x m  2 a 2  x n  3 a 3
GLv‡b, x Gi ¯’‡j y, y Gi ¯’‡j z Ges z Gi ¯’‡j x + ............... + [Link]  1  an
emv‡j, ivwkwUi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv| = xn  1(x  a) + xn  2 a(x  a) + xn  3 a2 (x  a) + ...........+
myZivs ivwkwU PµµwgK| an  1(x  a)
(iii) + + = (x  a)(xn  1 + xn  2 + xn  3 a2 + ..........+ an  1)
=++ †h‡nZz P(x) = (x  a) Q(x)
=+ +  Q(x) = xn  1 + xn  2 a + xn  3 a2 +.........+ an  1 (Ans.)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  49
(L) n †Rvo msL¨v n‡j †`LvI †h, (x + a) P(x) = ax5 + bx4 + cx3 + cx2 + bx + a........ (i)
eûc`xwUi GKwU Drcv`K Ges Ggb Q(x) [†hLv‡b a, b, c aªæeK Ges a  0]
wbY©q Ki †hb P(x) = (x + a) Q(x) nq| †h‡nZz (x  r), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K, †m‡nZz P(r) =
mgvavb : P(x) = xn  an 0
GLb, P(r) = ar5 + br4 + cr3 + cr2 + br + a
n †Rvo msL¨v n‡j n = 2k (GLv‡b K ¯^vfvweK
 ar5 + br4 + cr3 + cr2 + br + a = 0 ......... (ii)
msL¨v)
awi, rx  1 = 0
 P(x) = x2k  a2k
ev, rx = 1
P(x) †K (x + a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(a)
x=
 P(a) = (a)2k  a2k
GLb, P = a + b + c + c + b + a
= a2k  a2k = 0
P(x) †K (x + a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl k~b¨ nq| = + + + + +a
=
 (x + a), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
= [(ii) bs †_‡K gvb ewm‡q]
 P(x) = xn  an
=0
= xn + xn  1. a  xn  1 . a + xn  2 . a2  xn  2 .
a2 + ................+ xan  1  an †h‡nZz (i) bs eûc`x‡Z x = emv‡j cÖ`Ë eûc`xi
= xn  1 (x + a)  xn  2 . a(x + a) + xn  3 . gvb k~b¨ nq
a2(x + a)  ..........  an  1(x + a) †m‡nZz (rx  1) D³ eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K|
= (x + a) (xn  1  xn  2 a + xn  3 a2  ...........  an  1)  (rx  1) I P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| (†`Lv‡bv
†h‡nZz, P(x) = (x + a) Q (x) n‡jv)
 Q(x) = xn  1  xn  2. a + xn  3. a2  ...........+ (1)n  1. an  1 (Ans.) cÖkœ \ 9 \ Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki :

cÖkœ \ 7 \ g‡b Ki, P(x) = xn + an †hLv‡b n (i) x4 + 7x3 + 17x2 + 17x + 6

abvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v Ges a GKwU aªæeK| n mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, P(x) = x4 + 7x3 + 17x2 + 17x + 6
we‡Rvo msL¨v n‡j †`LvI †h, (x + a) eûc`xwUi  P(  1) = (  1)4 + 7(  1)3 + 17 (  1)2 + 17 (  1) + 6
GKwU Drcv`K Ges Ggb Q(x) wbY©q Ki †hb, = 1  7 + 17  17 + 6
P(x) = (x + a) Q(x) nq| = 24  24
=0
mgvavb : P(x) = xn + an myZivs (x + 1), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
n we‡Rvo abvZ¥K msL¨v n‡j, n = 2k + 1 (GLv‡b k GLb, x4 + 7x3 + 17x2 + 17x + 6
¯^vfvweK msL¨v) = x4 + x3 + 6x3 + 6x2 + 11x2 + 11x + 6x + 6
 P(x) = x2k + 1 + a2k + 1 = x3(x + 1) + 6x2(x + 1) + 11x(x + 1) + 6(x + 1)
= (x + 1)(x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6)
P(x) †K x + a Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(a)
= (x + 1)(x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8  x  2)
 P(a) = (a)2k + 1 + a2k + 1
= (x + 1)(x3 + 3.x2.2 + 3.x.22 + 23  x  2)
=  a2k + 1 + a2k + 1
= (x + 1){(x + 2)3  1(x + 2)}
=0 = (x + 1) (x + 2) {(x + 2)2  1}
P(x) †K P(x + a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl k~b¨ nq| = (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 2 + 1)(x + 2  1)
 (x + a), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) = (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 1)
 P(x) = xn + an = (x + 1)2(x + 2)(x + 3) (Ans.)

= xn + xn  1. a  xn  1. a  xn  2. a2 + xn  2. a2 + xn  3 (ii) 4a4 + 12a3 + 7a2  3a  2

. a3 ................. + xan  1 + an mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, P(a) = 4a4 + 12a3 + 7a2  3a  2
 P(  1) = 4(  1)4 + 12(  1)3 + 7(  1)2  3(  1)  2
= xn  1(x + a)  xn  2. a (x + a) + xn  3.a2(x + a)  ......+ an  1(x +
= 4  12 + 7 + 3  2
a) = 14  14
= (x + a) (xn  1  xn  2. a + xn  3. a2  ..............(1)n1an1 =0
 P(x) = (x + a) Q(x) myZivs (a + 1), P(a)-Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
 Q(x) = xn  1  axn  2 + a2 xn  3  ......... +(1)n  1 an  1 (Ans.) GLb, 4a4 + 12a3 + 7a2  3a  2
= 4a4 + 4a3 + 8a3 + 8a2  a2  a  2a  2
cÖkœ \ 8 \ g‡b Ki, P(x) = ax5 + bx4 + cx3 + cx2 + bx +
= 4a3 (a + 1) + 8a2 (a + 1)  a (a + 1)  2(a + 1)
a †hLv‡b a, b, c aªæeK Ges a  0, †`LvI †h, (x 
= (a + 1)(4a3 + 8a2  a  2)
r) hw` P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K nq, Z‡e P(x) Gi
= (a + 1){4a2 (a + 2)  1(a + 2)}
Av‡iKwU Drcv`K (rx  1)|
= (a + 1)(a + 2)(4a2  1)
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, = (a + 1)(a + 2){(2a)2  1}
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  50
= (a + 1)(a + 2)(2a + 1)(2a  1) cÖkœ \ 10 \ hw` + + = nq, Z‡e †`LvI †h,
= (2a  1)(a + 1)(a + 2)(2a + 1) (Ans.)
bc + ca + ab = 0 A_ev, a = b = c
(iii) x3 + 2x2 + 2x + 1
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, P(x) = x3 + 2x2 + 2x + 1
 P(  1) = (  1)3 + 2 (  1)2 + 2(  1) + 1 + + =
=1+22+1 ev, + +  3.. . = 0
=33 ev, = 0
=0 ev, = 0
myZivs (x + 1), P(x) -Gi GKwU Drcv`K| AZGe, + + = 0
GLb, x3 + 2x2 + 2x + 1 ev, = 0
= x3 + x2 + x2 + x + x + 1  bc + ca + ab = 0
= x2 (x + 1) + x(x + 1) + 1(x + 1) A_ev, + + = 0
= (x + 1)(x2 + x + 1) (Ans.) †h‡nZz wZbwU e‡M©i mgwói gvb k~b¨,
myZivs G‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gvb k~b¨|
(iv) x(y2 + z2) + y (z2 + x2) + z(x2 + y2) + 3xyz
A_©vr = 0
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë ivwk,
ev,  = 0 [eM©g~j K‡i]
= x(y2 + z2) + y(z2 + x2) + z(x2 + y2) + 3xyz
ev, =
= xy2 + z2x + yz2 + x2y + zx2 + y2z + 3xyz
ev, a = b
= x2y + xy2 + xyz + xyz + y2z + yz2 + zx2 + xyz + z2x
Abyiƒcfv‡e, b = c Ges c = a
= xy(x + y + z) + yz (x + y + z) + zx(x + y + z)
a=b=c
= (x + y + z)(xy + yz + zx) (Ans.)
myZivs bc + ca + ab = 0 A_ev a = b = c (†`Lv‡bv
(v) (x + 1)2(y  z) + (y + 1)2(z  x) + (z + 1)2(x  y)
n‡jv)
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë ivwk,
(x + 1)2 (y  z) + (y + 1)2 (z  x) + (z + 1)2 (x  y) cÖkœ \ 11 \ hw` x = b + c  a, y = c + a  b Ges z = a +
= (x2 + 2x + 1)(y  z) + (y2 + 2y + 1)(z  x) + (z2 + 2z + 1)(x  y) b  c nq, Z‡e †`LvI †h, x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz = 4(a3 + b3 +
= x2(y  z) + y2(z  x) + z2(x  y) + 2x(y  z) c3  3abc)
+ 2y(z  x) + 2z(x  y) + (y  z + z  x + x  y) mgvavb : GLv‡b,
= x2(y  z) + y2(z  x) + z2(x  y) + x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz
2(xy  zx + yz  xy + zx  yz) + 0 = (x + y + z){(x  y)2 + (y  z)2 + (z  x2)}
= x2(y  z) + y2(z  x) + z2(x  y) + 2  0 = (b + c  a + c + a  b + a + b  c){(b + c  a  c  a + b)2 +
= x2(y  z) + y2z  xy2 + z2x  yz2 (c + a  b  a  b + c)2 + (a + b  c  b  c + a)2
= x2(y  z) + yz(y  z)  x(y2  z2) [x, y, z Gi gvb ewm‡q]
= (y  z) {x2 + yz x(y + z)} = (a + b + c){(2b  2a)2 + (2c  2b)2 + (2a  2c)2}
= (y  z)(x2 + yz  xy  zx) = (a + b + c)[{  2(a  b)}2 + {  2(b  c)}2 + {  2(c  a)}2]
= (y  z)(x2  xy  zx + yz) = (a + b + c){ 4(a  b)2 + 4(b  c)2 + 4(c  a)2}
= (y  z) {x(x  y)  z(x  y)} = 4.(a + b + c){(a  b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2}
= (y  z)(x  y)(x  z) = 4(a3 + b3 + c3  3abc)
= (y  z)(x  y){  (z  x)}  x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz = 4(a3 + b3 + c3  3abc) (†`Lv‡bv
=  (x  y)(y  z)(z  x) (Ans.) n‡jv)
(vi) b2c2(b2  c2) + c2a2(c2  a2) + a2b2(a2  b2) cÖkœ \ 12 \ mij Ki :
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë ivwk, (a) + +
b2c2(b2  c2) + c2a2(c2  a2) + a2b2(a2  b2)
mgvavb :
= b2c2(b2  c2) + c4a2  c2a4 + a4b2  a2b4
+ +
= b2c2(b2  c2) + a4b2  c2a4  a2b4 + c4a2
= + +
= b2c2(b2  c2) + a4(b2  c2)  a2(b4  c4)
=
= (b2  c2){(b2c2 + a4  a2(b2 + c2)}
PµµwgK ivwki m~Îvbyhvqx
= (b2  c2)(b2c2 + a4  a2b2  c2a2)
a2(b  c) + b2 (c  a) + c2(a  b) =  (a  b) (b  c) (c  a)
= (b2  c2){a2(a2  b2)  c2(a2  b2)}
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = = 1 (Ans.)
= (b2  c2)(a2  b2)(a2  c2)
(b) +
= (b2  c2)(a2  b2){  (c2  a2)}
=  (a2  b2)(b2  c2)(c2  a2) +
mgvavb :
=  (a  b)(b  c)(c  a) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) (Ans.)
+ +
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  51
= + Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 2 ewm‡q cvB,
+ 5.(  2) + 4 = A( 2 + 2) + B (  2)
=   ev,  2B = 6
= B=3
GLv‡b, je GLb, A Ges B Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)G ewm‡q cvB,
=  a(b  c)(x2  bx  cx + bc)  b(c  a) = + ; GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk|
(x2  ax  cx + ca)  c(a  b)(x2  ax  bx + ab)
(b)
=  a(b  c) {x  (b + c) x + bc}  b(c  a){x2  x(c + a) + ca}
2
mgvavb : GLv‡b, =
 c(a  b){x2  x(a + b) + ab}
=
=  ax (b  c) + a(b  c)(b + c) x  abc (b  c)
2
=
 bx2 (c  a) + b(c  a)(c + a) x  abc(c  a)  cx2(a  b)
g‡b Kwi, ≡ + ........... (i)
+ c(a  b)(a + b)x  abc (a  b)
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x  3)(x  4) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB,
=  x {a(b  c) + b(c  a) + c(a  b)} + x {a(b2  c2)
2
x + 2 ≡ A(x  4) + B(x  3) ............... (ii)
+ b (c2  a2) + c(a2  b2)}  abc (b  c + c  a + a  b)
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 3 ewm‡q cvB,
=  x2(ab  ca + bc  ab + ca  bc) + x (a  b)
3 + 2 = A(3  4) + B(3  3)
(b  c)(c  a)  abc  0
ev,  A = 5
=x 0+x
2
 A = 5
= x(a  b)(b  c)(c  a)
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 4 ewm‡q cvB,
 cÖ`Ë ivwk
4 + 2 = A(4  4) + B(4  3)
= (Ans.)
B=6
(c) + +
GLb, A I B Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)G ewm‡q cvB,
mgvavb :
= +
+ +
=  ; GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk|
= + +
(c)
=
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi,
=
≡ + + .......... (i)
=
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K x (x  2)(x + 3) Øviv ¸Y K‡i
=
cvB,
= 0 (Ans.)
x2  9x  6 ≡ A(x  2)(x + 3) + B.x(x + 3) + C.x (x  2)
(d) + + + +
............ (ii)
mgvavb :
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 0 ewm‡q cvB,
+ + + +
(0)2  9.0  6 = A(0  2)(0 + 3) + B.0(0 + 3) + C.0 (0  2)
= + + + + +
ev,  6 =  6A
= + + + + +
ev, A = 1
= +++++
A=1
= + + ++
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 2 ewm‡q cvB,
= + + ++
22  9.2  6 = A(2  2)(2 + 3) + B.2 (2 + 3) + C.2 (2  2)
= + + +
ev, 4  18  6 = 10B
= + + +
ev, 10B =  20
= + +
B=2
= ++
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 3 ewm‡q cvB,
= (Ans.)
(  3)2  9(  3)  6 = A(  3  2)(  3 + 3) + B ( 3 )(  3 + 3) +
cÖkœ \ 13 \ AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki : C(  3)(  3  2)
(a) ev, 9 + 27  6 = 0 + 0 + 15C
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, ≡ + .......... (i) ev, 15C = 30
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K x(x + 2) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB, C=2
5x + 4 ≡ A(x + 2) + B(x) ............. (ii) GLb A, B I C Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB,
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 0 ewm‡q cvB, =  + ; GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk|
5.0 + 4 = A(0 + 2) + B  0 (d)
ev, 4 = 2A mgvavb :
ev, 2A = 4 g‡b Kwi, ≡ +     (i)
A=2 mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x + 1)(x2 + 4) Øviv ¸Y K‡i
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  52
cvB, cÖkœ \ 14 \ PjK x Gi GKwU eûc`x P(x) = 7x2  3x +
x2  4x  7 ≡ A(x2 + 4) + (Bx + C)(x + 1)     (ii) 4x4  a + 12x3
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x =  1 ewm‡q cvB, K. eûc`xwUi Av`k©iƒc †jL|
( 1)2  4( 1)  7 = A{( 1)2 + 4} + {B( 1) + C} ( 1 + 1) L. P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K (x + 2) n‡j a Gi gvb wbY©q
ev, 1 + 4  7 = 5A Ki|
ev, 5  7 = 5A M. hw` Q(x) = 6x3  x2  5x + 2 Gi †ÿ‡Î Q = 0 nq, Z‡e
ev,  2 = 5A P(x) Ges Q(x) Gi mvaviY Drcv`K `yBwU
A= wbY©q Ki|
Avevi mgxKiY (ii) Gi x2 I x Gi mnM mgxK…Z K‡i mgvavb :
cvB,
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 7x2  3x + 4x4  a + 12x3
A + B = 1 ............. (iii)
x Pj‡Ki eûc`x‡K x-Gi Nv‡Zi Aatµ‡g mvRv‡j
Ges B + C = 4........ (iv)
eûc`xi Giƒc eY©bv‡K eûc`xwUi Av`k©iƒc e‡j|
mgxKiY (iii)G A =  ewm‡q cvB,
 P(x) Gi Av`k©iƒc n‡jv : 4x4 + 12x3 + 7x2  3x  a
+B=1
ev, B = 1 + L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 7x2  3x + 4x4  a + 12x3
B= fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx, (x + 2), P(x)–Gi GKwU
mgxKiY (iv)G B = ewm‡q cvB, Drcv`K n‡e hw` P(  2) = 0 nq|
+C=4 GLb, P (  2)
ev, C =  4  = 7(  2)2  3 (  2) + 4(  2)4  a + 12(  2)3
ev, C = = 28 + 6 + 64  a  96
C= =2a
mgxKiY (i) G A, B Ges C Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB, †h‡nZz P(  2) = 0 myZivs, 2  a = 0
= +=  a = 2 (Ans.)
 = ; GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk| M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, Q(x) = 6x3  x2  5x + 2
(e) †h‡nZz Q = 0, myZivs (2x  1), Q(x) Gi GKwU
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, Drcv`K|
≡ + + ................... (i) GLb, Q(x) = 6x3  x2  5x + 2
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (2x + 1)(x + 3)2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i = 6x3  3x2 + 2x2  x  4x + 2
cvB, = 3x2(2x  1) + x(2x  1)  2(2x  1)
x2 ≡ A(x + 3)2 + B(x + 3)(2x + 1) + C(2x + 1) ......... (ii) = (2x  1)(3x2 + x  2)
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x =  3 ewm‡q cvB, = (2x  1)(3x2 + 3x  2x  2)
(  3)2 = A(  3 + 3)2 + B(  3 + 3){2(  3) + 1} + C{2( 3) + 1} = (2x  1) {3x(x + 1)  2(x + 1)}
ev, 9 = 5C = (2x  1)(x + 1)(3x  2)
ev, C =  Avevi, P(x) = 7x2  3x + 4x4  a + 12x3
C= = 4x4 + 12x3 + 7x2  3x  2 [ a = 2]
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x =  ewm‡q cvB,  P(  1) = 4(  1)4 + 12(  1)3 + 7(  1)2  3 (  1)  2
=A+B +C = 4  12 + 7 + 3  2
ev, = A + B.0 + C.0 = 14  14
ev, = A =0
ev, = A  (x + 1), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
A= GLb, 4x4 + 12x3 + 7x2  3x  2
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi x2 Gi mnM mgxK…Z K‡i cvB, = 4x4 + 4x3 + 8x3 + 8x2  x2  x  2x  2
A + 2B = 1 = 4x3(x + 1) + 8x2(x + 1)  x(x + 1)  2 (x + 1)
ev, 2B = 1  = (x + 1)(4x3 + 8x2  x  2)
ev, 2B = = (x + 1){4x2(x + 2)  1(x + 2)}
ev, B = = (x + 1)(x + 2)(4x2  1)
B= = (x + 1)(x + 2){(2x)2  1}
GLb, A, B I C Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB, = (x + 1)(x + 2)(2x + 1)(2x  1)
= + +  P(x) I Q(x) Dfq eûc`xi mvaviY Drcv`K (x + 1) I (2x
 = +  ;  1)
GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk| (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 15 \ x, y, z Gi GKwU eûc`x n‡jv,
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  53
F(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz K. DcwiD³ ivwk¸‡jv n‡Z GKwU cÖK…Z g~j`
K. †`LvI †h, F(x, y, z) n‡jv GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| fMœvsk Ges GKwU AcÖK…Z g~j` fMœvsk †ei
L. F(x, y, z) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki Ges hw` Ki|
F(x, y, z) = 0, (x + y + z)  0 nq, L. †K m¤¢ve¨ AvswkK fMœvs‡ki mgwóiƒ‡c
Z‡e †`LvI †h, (x2 + y2 + z2) = (xy + yz + zx) Dc¯’vcb Ki|
M. hw` x = (b + c  a), y = (c + a  b), Ges z = (a + b  c) nq, M. Dc‡ii cÖ_g, wØZxq Ges PZz_© ivwkmg~‡ni
Z‡e †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) : F(x, y, z) = 1 : 4 cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ ivwki mgwó‡K
mgvavb : mijiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki|
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz mgvavb :
GLb, ivwkwU‡Z x Gi cwie‡Z© y, y Gi cwie‡Z© K. cÖK…Z g~j` fMœvsk =
z Ges z Gi cwie‡Z© x ewm‡q cvB, Ges AcÖK…Z g~j` fMœvsk =
F(y, z, x) = y3 + z3 + x3  3y.z.x L. cÖ`Ë fMœvsk =
= x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz =
 F(x, y, z) = F(y, z, x) = F(z, x, y) =
†`Lv hv‡”Q PjK¸‡jv ¯’vb cwieZ©b Ki‡jI ivwkwU =
GKB _v‡K| = + = x + (Ans.)
myZivs F(x, y, z) n‡jv GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| M. cÖ_g ivwk (x + 3) Gi ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ ivwk
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) wØZxq ivwk (x2  9) Gi ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ ivwk
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz Ges PZz_© ivwk (x4  81) Gi ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ ivwk
= (x + y)3  3xy(x + y) + z3  3xyz  ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ ivwk¸‡jvi mgwó
= (x + y)3 + z3  3xy(x + y + z) = + +
= (x + y + z){(x + y)2  (x + y)z + z2}  3xy(x + y + z) = + +
= (x + y + z)(x2 + 2xy + y2  zx  yz + z2)  3xy (x + y + = + +
z) = +
= (x + y + z)(x2 + 2xy + y2 + z2  zx  yz  3xy) =
= (x + y + z)(x2 + y2 + z2  xy  yz  zx) =
cÖkœvbymv‡i F(x, y, z) = 0 = (Ans.)
ev, x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz = 0
cÖkœ \ 17 \ (x + 1)3 y + (y + 1)2 ivwkwU‡K
ev, (x + y + z)(x2 + y2 + z2  xy  yz  zx) = 0
ev, x2 + y2 + z2  xy  yz  zx = 0 [ x + y + z  0] K. x Pj‡Ki eûc`xi Av`k© AvKv‡i eY©bv Ki Ges x
 x2 + y2 + z2 = xy + yz + zx (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) Pj‡Ki eûc`xiƒ‡c Zvi gvÎv, gyL¨ mnM I aªæe c`
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz ........ (i) wbY©q Ki|
 F(a, b, c) = a3 + b3 + c3  3abc L. y Pj‡Ki eûc`xi Av`k© AvKv‡i eY©bv Ki Ges y
mgxKiY (i) n‡Z cvB, Pj‡Ki eûc`xiƒ‡c Zvi gvÎv, gyL¨ mnM I aªæe c`
F(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz wbY©q Ki|
= (x + y + z){x  y)2 + (y  z)2 + (z  x)2} M. x I y Pj‡Ki eûc`xiƒ‡c we‡ePbv K‡i Zvi gvÎv wbY©q
= (b + c  a + c + a  b + a + b  c){(b + c  a  c  a Ki|
+ b)2 + (c + a  b  a  b + c)2 + (a + b  c  b  c + a)2} mgvavb :
[x, y, z Gi gvb ewm‡q]
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, (x + 1)3 y + (y + 1)2
= (a + b + c){(2b  2a) + (2c  2b)2 + (2a  2c)2}
2
= (x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1) y + y2 + 2y + 1
= (a + b + c)[{  2(a  b)}2 + {  2 (b  c)}2 + {  2(c  a)}2]
= x3y + 3x2y + 3xy + y + y2 + 2y + 1
= (a + b + c){4(a  b)2 + 4(b  c)2 + 4(c  a)2}
= x3y + 3x2y + 3xy + (y2 + 3y +1) GwU x Pj‡Ki Av`k©
= 4. (a + b + c){(a  b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2}
AvKvi|
 F(x, y z) = 4(a3 + b3 + c3  3abc)
GLv‡b, x Pj‡Ki gvÎv = 3
 F(a, b, c) : F(x, y z) = (a3 + b3 + c3  3abc) : 4(a3 + b3 + c3 
gyL¨ mnM = y
3abc)
Ges aªæe c` = y2 + 3y + 1
=1:4
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, (x + 1)3y + (y + 1)2
 F(a, b, c) : F(x, y, z) = 1 : 4 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
= (x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1) y + y2 + 2y + 1
cÖkœ \ 16 \ PjK x Gi PviwU ivwk (x + 3), (x2  9), = x3y + 3x2y + 3xy + y + y2 + 2y + 1
(x3 + 27) = y2 + (x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 3) y + 1; GwU y Pj‡Ki Av`k©
Ges (x  81)
4
AvKvi|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  54
GLv‡b, y Pj‡Ki gvÎv = 2 = x3y + 3x2y + 3xy + y2 + 3y + 1;
gyL¨ mnM = 1 GLv‡b x I y Gi Nv‡Zi †hvMd‡ji m‡e©v”P gvb
Ges aªæe c` = 1 4 hv x3y c‡` cvIqv hvq|
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, (x + 1)3y + (y + 1)2  ivwkwU‡K x I y Pj‡Ki eûc`x we‡ePbv Ki‡j
= (x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1) y + y2 + 2y + 1 eûc`xwUi gvÎv 4.

¸iæZ¡c~Y© enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

1. x6 + 3x5 + 2x4  5 eûc`xi gyL¨ mnM †KvbwU? K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

K5 1 M3 N6 14. †KvbwU mggvwÎK ivwk?
2. P(x, y) = x + y  2xy n‡j, P(1,  2) Gi gvb KZ?
2 2
K p3 + p2q + q4  p2 + pq + q2
K9 L1 1 N9 M p + 3pq + q
3 2
N p3 + pq2 + 3q2
3. x3 + 2x2 + 2x + a Gi GKwU Drcv`K (x + 1) n‡j, 15. x2 + y2 + z2 + xy + yz + zx ivwkwUÑ
a Gi gvb KZ? i. PµµwgK
K5 L1 1 N5 ii. cÖwZmg
4. x + x + 7x  a eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K (x  2)
4 3 2 iii. mggvwÎK eûc`x
n‡j a Gi gvb KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K 44 L 48 M 50  52 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
5. a + b + c = 0 n‡j, a + b + c Gi gvb KZ?
3 3 3 16. P(x) = 3x3 + 2x2  7x + 8 n‡j, p Gi gvb KZ?
K0 L (a  b) (b  c) (c  a) K  M N
 3abc N abc 17. fMœvskwUi mgvb KZ?
wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ 6 Ñ 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi Kx+ Lx+
`vI : x+ Nx+
eûc`x x3 + 2x2  ax  6 Gi GKwU Drcv`K (x + 3)| 18. P(x) = 5x3 + 6x2  ax + 6 †K x  2 Øviv fvM Ki‡j
6. eûc`xwUi gyL¨ mnM KZ? fvM‡kl 6 n‡j, a Gi gvb KZ?
K6 1 M2 N3 K 35  32 M 30 N 36
7. a Gi gvb KZ? 19. P(x) = 36x  8x + 5 †K (x  1) Øviv fvM Ki‡j
2

K 13 5 M5 N  17 fvM‡kl KZ n‡e?

8. eûc`xwUi Aci Drcv`K¸‡jv Kx Kx? K 49 L 41  33 N 23
 (x + 1) I (x  2) L (x + 1) I (x + 2) 20. y  3y + 5y  7 ivwkwU y-Pj‡Ki GKwU
5 6 4

M (x  1) I (x + 2) N (x  1) I (x  2) eûc`x hviÑ
9. wb‡Pi †KvbwU PµµwgK ivwk? [ h. †ev. i. gvÎv 6
Õ15 ] ii. gyL¨c` 3y6
K a2  b2 + c2 L a2b + ab2 + b2c iii. aªæec`  7
M xy + yz  zx  x2y + y2z + z2 + x wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
10. A = {x : x2  4 = 0}, B = {x : x 2  x  6 = 0} n‡j, AB K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
= KZ? 21. eûc`x P(x) = 2x  9x + 6 †K (x  4) Øviv fvM
2

K { 2,  3, 2}  { 2} Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e?

M { 3} N {2} K4 2 M1 N2
11. 2x + x + ax + 18 eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K (x + 2)
3 2 22. (x) = x2  7x + 12 n‡j, x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨
n‡j, a Gi gvb KZ? (x) = 0 n‡e?
K  15 L3 3 N 15 K  3,  4 L  3, 4  3, 4 N 3,  4
12. P(x, y, z) = x + y + z  3xyz n‡j, P(1, 1, 2) Gi
3 3 3 23. P(x) = 3x + 2x  7x + 8 n‡j, P( 2) Gi gvb KZ?
3 2

gvb KZ? K  22 L  10 6 N 10
0 L2 wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 24 I 25 bs cÖ‡kœi
M4 N 16 DËi `vI :
13. x + y + z  3xyz Gi gvbÑ
3 3 3 P(x) = 2x3  5x2 + 6x  3
i. (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2  xy  yz  zx) 24. P(x) †K (x  3) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ
ii. (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 + xy + yz + zx) n‡e?
iii. (x + y + z) {(x  y)2 + (y  z)2 + (z  x)2} K  120 L  30 M  24  24
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 25. P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  55
Kx3 Lx+1 Mx2 x1 28. P(x) = 18x3 + 15x2  x  2 eûc`xi GKwU
26. †KvbwU x Pj‡Ki eûc`x? Drcv`KÑ
 4x4  5x3y2 + 7 L 5x3 + + 8 K 2x  1  3x  1 M 3x + 1 N 3x  2
M x + +9
3
N 4x 4  2x2 + 12 29. hw` a + b + c = 0 nq, Z‡eÑ
27. hw` (x) = 2x3 + 6x2  6x + a, x  1 Øviv wefvR¨, i. a3 + b3 + r3 = 3abc
Z‡e a Gi gvb KZ? ii. = =
2 L1 M1 N2 iii. (a + b)3 + 3abc =  c1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

GK Pj‡Ki eûc`x M eûc`x N Pµ-µwgK

41. GKvwaK PjK aviYKvix †Kv‡bv
 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
exRMvwYwZK ivwki †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU
30. GKwU cÖZxK GKvwaK m`m¨wewkó Pj‡Ki ¯’vb wewbg‡q hw` ivwkwU
†Kv‡bv msL¨v †m‡Ui †h‡Kv‡bv AcwiewZ©Z nq, Z‡e ivwkwU‡K H
Awba©vwiZ m`m¨ wb‡`©k K‡i, Z‡e PjKmg~‡ni Kx e‡j? (mnR)
cÖZxKwU‡K Kx ejv nq? (mnR) K AcÖwZmg ivwk  cÖwZmg ivwk
K aªæeK  PjK M †Wv‡gb N gyL¨ c` M mggvwÎK ivwk N Pµ-µwgK ivwk
31. †Kv‡bv eûc`x‡Z DwjøwLZ c`mg~‡ni 42. a + b + c  3abc Gi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU
3 3 3

Mwiô A_©vr me‡P‡q eo gvÎv‡K Kx ejv mwVK? (mnR)

nq? (mnR)  (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2  ab  bc  ca)
K gyL¨c`  eûc`xi gvÎv L (a  b  c)(a2 + b2 + c2  ab  bc  ca)
M aªæeK N PjK M (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)
32. PjKewR©Z c`‡K Kx ejv nq? (mnR) N (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 + 3abc)
K aªæeK  aªæe c`M PjK N gyL¨ c` 43. hw` a + b + c = 0 nq Z‡e a3 + b3 + c3 = KZ?
33. `ywU eûc`x P(x) I Q(x) mKj x Gi Rb¨ mgvb (ga¨g)
n‡j, Zv‡`i mgZv‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR) K 3ab  3abc M abc N3
K gyL¨c`  A‡f` 44. GKwU eûc`x‡K ni Ges GKwU eûc`x‡K je
M eûc`x Awfbœ N gyL¨ mnM wb‡q MwVZ fMœvsk‡K Kx ejv nq?
34. wb‡Pi †KvbwU A‡f` wPý? (mnR) (mnR)
 L M≡ N  g~j` fMœvsk L cÖK…Z
35. hw` P(x) abvZ¥K gvÎvi eûc`x nq Ges a fMœvsk
†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó msL¨v nq Z‡e P(x)-†K (x  M AvswkK fMœvsk N AcÖK…Z fMœvsk
a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e? (mnR) 45. hw` †Kv‡bv fMœvsk‡K GKvwaK
 P(a) La M NP fMœvs‡ki †hvMdjiƒ‡c cÖKvk Kiv nq, Z‡e
36. hw` P(x) = x2  5x + 6 nq, Z‡e P(x) †K (x  4) †klv³ fMœvsk¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K cÖ_‡gv³
Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e ? (ga¨g) fMœvs‡ki Kx ejv nq? (mnR)
K4 2 M3 Nx+2  AvswkK fMœvsk L g~j` fMœvsk
37. hw` P(x) Gi gvÎv abvZ¥K nq Ges a  0 nq, M cÖK…Z fMœvsk N AcÖK…Z
Z‡e P(x) †K (ax + b) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl fMœvsk
KZ n‡e? (mnR) 46. eûc`x‡Z gyL¨c‡`i mnM‡K Kx ejv nq?
K P(a) P MP NP (mnR)
38. Cxp c‡` C †K xp Gi Kx ejv nq? (mnR)  gyL¨ mnM L aªæec` M mnM N
 mnM L gvÎv M †eR N aªæe c` aªæeK
39. Cx c‡` p †K Kx ejv nq?
p
(mnR)  enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb
K mnM  gvÎv M †eR N aªæe c` cÖ‡kœvËi
40. †Kv‡bv eûc`xi cÖ‡Z¨K c‡`i gvÎv GKB n‡j, 47. i. eûc`xi Mwiô gvÎvhy³ c`‡K gyL¨c` ejv nq
Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
ii. eûc`x‡Z c`mg~‡ni Mwiô gvÎv‡K eûc`xi gvÎv ejv
 mggvwÎK eûc`x L cÖwZmg
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  56
nq (mnR)
iii. GK gvÎvhy³ c`‡K aªæec` ejv nq K cÖK…Z  AcÖK…Z M AvswkK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? N Ag~j`
(mnR) 57. fMœvskwU Kx ai‡bi? (mnR)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  cÖK…Z fMœvsk L AcÖK…Z fMœvsk
48. Cx y G c‡`
p q
M wgkª fMœvsk N RwUj
i. C n‡jv xpyq Gi mnM fMœvsk
ii. p + q n‡”Q c‡`i gvÎv 58. ax3 + bx2 + cx + d ivwkwU‡Z Pj‡Ki †cÖwÿ‡Z
iii. p  q n‡”Q c‡`i gvÎv a, b, c, d †K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K PjK L †Wv‡gb
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M exRMvwYwZK ivwk  aªæeK
49. i. PjKewR©Z c`wU‡K aªæec` e‡j 59. x + 2x + 2x + 1 Gi Drcv`K †KvbwU?(KwVb)
3 2

ii. x3y, GLv‡b x I y Pj‡Ki gvÎv 4 K (x  1)(x2 + x + 1) L (x + 1)(x2  x + 1)

iii. Pj‡Ki Mwiô gvÎvhy³ c`‡K gyL¨c` e‡j  (x + 1)(x2 + x + 1) N (x  1)(x2  x + 1)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 60. hw`  + nq, Z‡e A Gi mwVK gvb KZ?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii (KwVb)
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb K3 L1 M1 2
cÖ‡kœvËi 61. eûc`x we‡kl ai‡bi (mnR)
K exRMvwYwZK mgxKiY  exRMvwYwZK
wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 50 I 51 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
ivwk
`vI :
M exRMvwYwZK AmgZv N exRMvwYwZK
hw` P(x) = 3x3 + 2x2  7x + 8 nq
cÖZxK
50. x Gi cwie‡Z© 0 n‡j P(0) = KZ? (ga¨g)
62. exRMvwYwZK ivwk‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv
K4 8 M6 N5
hvq? (mnR)
51. eûc`xwUi aªæec` KZ? (ga¨g)
 2 fv‡M L 3 fv‡M M 4 fv‡M N 5 fv‡M
K3 L2 M7 8
63. †Kv‡bv eûc`xi Mwiô gvÎvhy³ c`wU‡K Kx
(x  1) y + (y + 1) GKwU ivwk|
3 2
e‡j? (mnR)
wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 52  54 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
K gvÎv  gyL¨c` M gyL¨ mnM N
`vI:
NvZ I gvÎv
52. x Pj‡Ki eûc`xi Av`k© AvKvi wb‡Pi
64. eûc`x P(x) = 36x2  8x + 5-†K (2x  1) Øviv fvM
†KvbwU? (mnR)
Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e? (mnR)
 x3  y  3x2y + 3xy + y2 + y + 1
KP  10 M 16 N 20
L 3xy + 3x2y + 3xy + y2
M 3x3y  3x2y + 6xy + y2 + y + 1
65. hw` P(x) abvZ¥K gvÎvi eûc`x nq, Z‡e P(x)
†K 2x  1 Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e?
N 3x2y  3xy2 + 4xy + y2  y + 1
(mnR)
53. D³ ivwkwU x Pj‡Ki eûc`x n‡j Gi gvÎv I
K P(1) L P(1) P NP
gyL¨ mnM KZ? (mnR)
K3Ix L2Iy
66. 2x2  3x + 1 Gi Drcv`K KZ? (KwVb)
3Iy N 3 I (y2 + 3y + 1) K (2x + 1)(x + 1)  (2x  1)(x  1)
M (x + 1)(2x  1) N (x  1)(2x + 1)
54. Dc‡ii ivwkwU x I y Pj‡Ki eûc`x n‡j Gi gvÎv
KZ? (ga¨g) 67. a  7a  6 Gi Drcv`K †KvbwU?
3
(KwVb)
K1 L2 M3 4 K (a  1)(a  2)(a  3) L (a  1)(a + 2)(a  3)
 (a + 1)(a + 2)(a  3) N (a  1)(a  2)(a  3)
`yB I wZb Pj‡Ki eûc`x 68. x3 + 4x2 + 72 Gi GKwU Drcv`K †KvbwU?
 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi (KwVb)
Kx+2 Lx+3 x+6 Nx+4
55. hw` †Kv‡bv fMœvs‡ki j‡ei gvÎv n‡ii gvÎvi
69. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mggvwÎK eûc`x?(mnR)
†P‡q †QvU nq, Zv‡K †Kvb fMœvsk e‡j ?
K 2x + xy + y2 L x2 + x + y2
(mnR)
M x2 + y2 + y  x2 + xy + y2
 cÖK…Z L AcÖK…Z M AvswkK
N Ag~j`
70. †KvbwU 2x  5x  5x + 2 Gi GKwU Drcv`K?
4 3

(ga¨g)
56. hw` †Kv‡bv fMœvs‡ki j‡ei gvÎv n‡ii gvÎvi
Kx+1 x1 Mx+2 Nx2
†P‡q eo nq Zv‡K †Kvb fMœvsk e‡j?
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  57
71. x4  x2  12 Gi Drcv`K KZ? (KwVb)  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K (x + 2)2(a2  3) L (a  2)2(a2  3) 84. P(x) = x  x  2 n‡j-
2

M (a + 2)(a2 + 3)  (a + 2)(a  2)(a2 + 3) i. (x + 1) ivwkwUi GKwU Drcv`K

72. + + = KZ ? (ga¨g) ii. x = 2 Gi Rb¨ ivwkwUi gvb k~b¨
1 L 1 M0 Na+b+c iii. G‡K (x  4) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl 10 nq
73. F(x, y) = 8x + y  4x + 7xy + 2y  5 n‡j, F(1, 0) =
3 3 2 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
KZ? (ga¨g) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K8 L4 M7 1  Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
74. F(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz n‡j F(1, 1,  2) = KZ? cÖ‡kœvËi
(ga¨g)
wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 85 - 87 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
1 L1 M0 N3
`vI :
75. px2 + qx + r ivwk‡Z PjK †KvbwU? (mnR) +
Kp Lq Mr x 85. x = KZ n‡j, A = 1 n‡e? (KwVb)
76. F(x) = px3 + qx + r †K r  m Øviv fvM Ki‡j 2 L M N2
fvM‡kl KZ n‡e? (ga¨g) 86. x = n‡j B = KZ? (KwVb)
 pm3 + qm + r L px2 + qmx + r
K3 L 2 2 N3
M pm2 + qm + r N px2 + mx + r
87. AvswkK fMœvskwU KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
77. F(x) = 5x3 + 6x2  ax + 6 †K x  2 Øviv fvM Ki‡j a
K+ L+
Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
+ N
K5 L6  35 N6
78. F(x) = x4 + 3x3 + 5x2 + 8x + 5 Gi GKwU Drcv`K fvM‡kl I Drcv`K Dccv`¨
†KvbwU? (KwVb)  mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
Kx1 Lx5 Mx+5 x+1
88. 2(1 + 2x)(1  2x) eûc`xi Pj‡Ki mnM KZ?
79. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi x Pj‡Ki NvZ k~b¨?(mnR)
(mnR)
K 4x2 L 4x M 2
8 L2 M4 N8
 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb 89. 5y  3y + 2y  3x  4 ivwkwU‡Z KqwU c`
cÖ‡kœvËi Av‡Q? (mnR)
80. hw` P(x) = 32x  16x + 8x + 7 nq
4 2 K5 L4 3 N2
i. P(0) = 7 90. x (3  2x  x ) eûc`xi gyL¨ mn‡Mi gvb KZ?
2 3

ii. P(1) = 31 (mnR)

iii. P(  1) = 15 K3 1 M1 N3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 91. 3  x3  x4 + x6  2  x5 + x2 eûc`xi gvÎv KZ?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii (mnR)
81. i. P(x) †K (x  a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl P(a) n‡e 2 L3 M4 N6
ii. P(x) = x3  8x2 + 6x + 60 †K (x + 2) Øviv fvM Ki‡j 92. 2 (1 + 2x)(1  2x) eûc`xi Pj‡Ki gyL¨ mnM KZ?
fvM‡kl n‡e 8 (ga¨g)
iii. hw` P(x) eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K x  a nq, Z‡e  8 L2 M4 N8
P(a) = 0 93. x2  x7  2  x6  2 eûc`xi gyL¨ c` KZ?(mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)  x3 L  x7 M x6 Nx
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 94. 9x  2 = bx + a Zzjbv Ki‡j a Gi gvb KZ?
82. i. x3 + 2x2  5x  6 Gi GKwU Drcv`K (x  1) (ga¨g)
ii. a3  a2  10a  8 Gi GKwU Drcv`K (a + 1) K9 L2 M2 9
iii. 2a3  3a2 + 3a  1 Gi GKwU Drcv`K (2a  1) 95. Q(y) = x  5y + 6 eûc`xi y Gi †Kvb gv‡bi
2

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Rb¨ Q(y) = 2 n‡e? (KwVb)

(ga¨g) K2 4 M5 N6
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 96. A(x) = x3  4x2 + 4x  4 nq, Z‡e (x  3) Øviv A(x)
83. a = 2, b = 3 I c = 2 n‡j †K fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e? (KwVb)
i. ax2 + bx + c GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk K2 L1 M0 1
ii. ax2 + bcxy + cy2 cÖwZmg ivwk 97. 18x3 + 15x2  x  2 eûc`xi aªæe c‡`i Drcv`‡Ki
iii. ax2 + by2 + cz2 Pµ-µwgK ivwk †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  58
K { 2, 2} L {  2}  {1,  1, 2,  2} N {1, 111. P(x) = 6x2  2x + 3 †K (x  1) Øviv fvM Ki‡j
 1} fvM‡kl KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
98. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mggvwÎK eûc`x? (mnR) K5 L 1 7 N3
K 2x + xy + y2 L x2 + x + y2 112.P(y) = y3  8x2 + 6y + 60 eûc`xwU‡K y + 2 Øviv
Mx +y +y
2 2
 x2 + xy + y2 fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e? (mnR)
99. Q(x) = ax2 + 2bx + c eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K (x  K6 8 M 72 N 12
1) n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) [Link]` x  1, x4  4x3 + 6x2  a Gi GKwU Drcv`K
K a2 + 2b + c = 0 La+b+c=0 nq, Z‡e a Gi gvb KZ? ( ga¨g)
M 2a + b + c = 0  a + 2b + c = 0 3 L4 M 3 N1
100. P(x) = 2x2  7x + 5 n‡j P(2) = KZ? 114.x + y + z + xy + yz + zx GKwU ivwk n‡j, Gi
2 2 2

(ga¨g) Pµ-µwgK ivwk KZ n‡e? (mnR)

K2 1 M1 N4 K x + y + z + xy + yz + zx
2 2 2
L y + z2  x2  xy
2

101. fMœvskwUi mgvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? + zx + yz

(mnR) M x2  y2  z2  xy  yz  zx  z2 + y2 + x2 + zx + yx + yz
Kx+ Lx+ x+ Nx+ 115. ivwkwUi gyL¨ mnM KZ?
102. fMœvskwU Kx ai‡bi fMœvsk? (ga¨g)
(mnR) K4 L2 2 N3
 cÖK…ZL AcÖK…Z M wgkª N AvswkK 116. (x2 + 2) I (x + 1) Gi ¸Ydj KZ?
103. a(b2  c2) + b(c2  a2) + c(a2  b2) Gi Drcv`K (ga¨g)
we‡køwlZ iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb) K (x4 + x3 + 2x + 2) L (x2 + x + 2)
 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) L (a  b)(b  c)(c  a) M x3 + x2 + 3x + 2  x3 + x2 + 2x + 2
M  (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) N 2abc(a2  b2  c2) 117.x + y + z + xy + yz + zx ivwkwU Kx ai‡bi?
2 2 2

104.5x2y + 6y2z + 12z2x  8xyz ivwkwU x, y, z Pj‡Ki (mnR)

KZ gvÎvi mggvwÎK eûc`x? (ga¨g) K GKgvwÎK L GKgvwÎK cÖwZmg
K1 L2 3 N4  mggvwÎK cÖwZmg N mggvwÎK
105.x4  5x3 + 7x2  a eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K (x  2) n‡j, 118.x  5x + 7x  a eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K (x  2)
4 3 2

a=? (ga¨g) n‡j a = KZ? (ga¨g)

K6 4 M3 N4 K6 4 M3 N 4
106.4x + 6x + 3x  x + x + 3 eûc`wU‡Z aªæeK
5 4 3 2
119. P(x) = 4x4  12x3 + 7x2 + 3x  2 Gi GKwU
†KvbwU? (mnR) Drcv`K
K5 L4 M2 3 (2x + 1) n‡j P = KZ? (ga¨g)
107. bc(b  c) + ca(c  a) + ab(a  b) Gi Drcv`K 0 L M4 N 12
we‡køwlZ iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? ( KwVb) 120. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk?
K (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) L (a  b)(b  c)(c  a) (ga¨g)
 (a  b)(b  c)(c  a) N (a + b + c)(b  c)(c  a)  L M N
108.P(a, b, c) = a + b + c  3abc n‡j, P(0, 1, 2) Gi gvb
3 3 3
121. y3  8y2 + 6y + 60 eûc`x‡K y + 2 Øviv fvM
KZ? (ga¨g) Ki‡j, fvM‡kl KZ n‡e? (KwVb)
K 18 9 M 12 N3 K6 8 M 75 N 112
109. P(x) = 3x3  4x2 + 4x  3 n‡j P(1) = KZ n‡e? e¨vL¨v : fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx †Kv‡bv
(ga¨g) eûc`x Q(y) = y3 8y2 + 6y + 60 †K y + 2 Øviv
K1 L 1 M3 0 fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl Q ( 2)
110.P(x) = 2x3  3x2 + 2x  1 Drcv`KwUi gyL¨ mnM = ( 2)3  8( 2)2 + 6( 2) + 60
KZ? (mnR) =  8  32  12 + 60
2 L3 M1 N4 = 52 + 60
e¨vL¨v : eûc`xi Mwiô gvÎvhy³ c`wU‡K gyL¨ =8
c` e‡j Ges gyL¨ c‡`i mnM‡K gyL¨ mnM 122. `yBwU eûc`x P(x) I Q(x) mKj x Gi Rb¨
e‡j| mgvb n‡j, G‡`i mgZv‡K Kx ejv nq?(mnR)
x Pj‡Ki eûc`x 2x3 3x2 + 2x  1 K †f`  A‡f` M Drcv`K N cÖwZmg
x Gi m‡e©v”P NvZ 3 hy³ c`wU 2x3 123. P(x) = ax3 + bx + c ; P(x) †K x  m Øviv fvM
2x3 gyL¨ c`| Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
myZivs gyL¨ mnM 2 K ax + b + cL ax2 + bx + c M bx + c  am3
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  59
+ bm + c ivwkwU‡Z
124. P(x) = 5x2 + 6x2  ax + 6 †K (x  2) Øviv fvM i. gvÎv 3
Ki‡j fvM‡kl 6 nq Z‡e a = KZ? (ga¨g) ii. aªæeK x
K2  32 M 12 N 20 iii. P(0) = 8
125. Gi AvswkK fMœvsk wb‡Pi †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g))
(ga¨g) K i I ii L ii I iii  i I iii N i, ii I iii
K +     133. (x2 + 2) †K (x + 1) Øviv ¸Y
M   N +  Ki‡j
 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb i. ¸Ydj x3 + x2 + 2x + 2
cÖ‡kœvËi ii. gyL¨ mnM 3
iii. P(1) = 6
126. x2 + y2 + z2 GKwU-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
i. cÖwZmg ivwk
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
ii. mggvwÎK eûc`x
134. + n‡j
iii. Pµ-µwgK ivwk
(KwVb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
i. cÖ_g fMœvskwU g~j`
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
ii. wØZxq fMœvskwU g~j`
127. y  y + 2y  2  5  5
iii. mijgvb
ivwkwU‡Z 
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. c` msL¨v 3
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
ii. aªæe‡Ki gvb - 1
135. `yBwU eûc`x P(x) I
iii. y Gi mnM 4
Q(x) mKj x Gi Rb¨ mgvb n‡j-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
i. G‡`i mgZv‡K A‡f` ejv nq
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
ii. Zv †evSv‡Z A‡bK mgq P(x)  Q(x) †jLv nq|
128. x5  x2 + x5 x2 eûc`xi
iii. Zv †evSv‡Z A‡bK mgq P(x) = Q(x) †jLv nq|
i. gvÎv 7
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
ii. x3 Gi mnM 1
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. aªæec` †bB
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
cÖ‡kœvËi
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
129. 2  x5  x2  3x2 + x3  2  x eûc`xi wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 136  138 bs cÖ‡kœi
i. gyL¨ c‡`i mnM 2 DËi `vI :
ii. gyL¨ c` 2x4 P(x) = x2 + 3x + 2
iii. gvÎv 3 [Link] Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc wb‡Pi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K (x + 3)(x + 4)  (x + 1)(x + 2)
130. 7x2  5x + 6 = ax2 + cx + b G M (x  1)(x  2) N (x + 3)(x  2)
mnM¸‡jv mgxK…Z Ki‡j- 137. ivwkwUi gyL¨ gvÎv KZ?
i. b = 6 (mnR)
ii. c = 5 2 L1 M3 N4
iii. a = 7 138. x =  1 n‡j P(x) = ?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K1 L2 M3 0
131. 3x5  6x4 + 3x3 + x  8 wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 139 I 140 bs cÖ‡kœi
ivwkwU x Pj‡Ki GKwU eûc`x hvi- DËi `vI :
i. gvÎv 4 P(x) = 32x4  16x2 + 8x + 7 GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
ii. gyL¨ c` 3x5 139. P(1) Gi gvb KZ?
iii. gyL¨ mnM 3 (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)) K 63 L 47  31 N1
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 140. P(x) †K 2x  1 Øviv fvM
132. 3x3 + 2x2  7x + 8 Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
9 L 11 M 13 N 19
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  60
141. wØPjK eûc`x 8x3 + y3  2xy Gi gvÎv KZ? 157. x2 + y2 + z2 GKwUÑ
K8 3 M2 N2 i. cÖwZmg ivwk
142.P(x) = 3x + 2x  7x + 8 n‡j, P(0) Gi gvb KZ?
3 2
ii. mggvwÎK ivwk
8 L3 M2 N2 iii. Pµ-µwgK ivwk
[Link]` P(x) = 3x  4x + 4x  3 nq, Z‡e P(x) †K (x
3 2 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 2) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl wb‡Pi †KvbwU? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K P(1)  P(2) M P(3) N P(4) 158. Y  Y + 2Y  2  5 + 5
144.P(x) = x  6x + 11x  6 n‡j, P(x) Gi GKwU
3 2 ivwkwU‡ZÑ
Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? i. c` msL¨v 3
K (x + 3) L (x + 2) ii. aªæe‡Ki gvb  1
M (x + 1)  (x  1) iii. y Gi mnM 4
145. cÖwZmg ivwk wb‡Pi †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K 2x + 3xy + y2
2
 2x2 + 2xy + 2y2 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
M x + 3xy + 2y
2 2
N 4x2 + xy + 3y2 159. x2(y  z) + y2(z  x) + z2(x 
146.x2y + y2z + z2x eûc`xi Pµ-µwgK ivwk wb‡Pi y) ivwkwUÑ
†KvbwU? i. PµµwgK
K y2z  z2x + x2y L y2z + z2x  x2y ii. cÖwZmg
Myx+zx+xy
2 2 2
 y2z + z2x + x2y iii. mggvwÎK
147. x2(y  z) + y2(z  x) + z2(x  y) ivwkwUi Pµ- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
µwgK ivwk wb‡Pi †KvbwU? K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K x2(y  z) + z2(z  x) + y2(y  z) 160. P(x) = x2  x  2 n‡j,
L y2(x  z) + x2(z  y) + z2(y  x) i. (x + 1) ivwkwUi GKwU Drcv`K
 z2(x  y) + y2((z  x) + x2(y  z) ii. x = 2 Gi Rb¨ ivwkwUi gvb k~b¨
N x2(y + z) + y2(z + x) + z2(x + y) iii. G‡K (x  4) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl nq 10
148. bc(b  c) + ca(c  a) + ab(a  b) †K Drcv`‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
we‡kølY Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU cvIqv hv‡e? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K (a  b) (b  c) (c  a) L (a + b) (b + c) (c + a) wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 161 I 162 bs cÖ‡kœi
  (a  b) (b  c) (c  a) N  (a + b) (b + c) (c + a) DËi `vI :
P(x) = 32x4  16x2 + 8x + 7 GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
149.P(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz n‡j, P(1, 1,  1) =
KZ? 161. P(1) Gi gvb KZ?
K0 4 M1 N2 K 63 L 47  31 N1
150.a Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ x4  5x2 + 7x2  a eûc`xi 162. P(x) †K 2x  1 Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ
GKwU Drcv`K x  2. n‡e?
K1 L2 M3 4 9 L 11 M 13 N 19
wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 163 Ñ 165 bs cÖ‡kœi
151. 2xy + y = 3 mgxKiYwUi mwVK ¯’vbv¼
DËi `vI :
†KvY¸‡jv?
= + ; A I B g~j`|
K (1,  1), (2,  1) L (1, 1), (2,  1)
 (1, 1), ( 2,  1) N ( 1, 1), (2,  1) 163. A = KZ?
K1 2 M3 N4
152. y = x2  x + 6 n‡j, ¯^vaxb PjK †KvbwU?
Ky x M x2  x N6x 164. B = KZ?
K1 L2 3 N4
153.†Kv‡bv eûc`x‡Z Mwiô gvÎvhy³ c`wU‡K
Kx e‡j? 165. AvswkK fMœvskwU KZ n‡e?
K †MŠYc` L gyL¨ mnM  gyL¨c`  + L +
N aªæec` M + N +
154. wb‡Pi †KvbwU x Pj‡Ki NvZ k~b¨? wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 166 I 167 bs cÖ‡kœi
DËi `vI :
K 7x 2
2 M N 4x
5x  4x4y4  2 GKwU eûc`x|
2
155. Variable kãwUi A_© Kx?
166. eûc`xwUi gvÎv KZ?
K mPj L APj  Pjivwk N Pjgvb
K2 L3 M4 8
156. wZb Pj‡Ki eûc`x wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
167. eûc`xwUi gyL¨ mnM KZ?
Kx+y+1 L2+y+z
K3 L2 4 N1
M3+x+z  4x + 2y + 3z
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  61
wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 168 Ñ 170 bs cÖ‡kœi 170. eûc`xi Ab¨vb¨
DËi `vI : Drcv`K n‡jvÑ
x2 + 4x2 + x  a ivwki GKwU Drcv`K (x  1) i. x + 1
168. a Gi gvb KZ? ii. x + 2
K2 L4 6 N8 iii. x + 3
169. eûc`xi gyL¨ mnM n‡jvÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
1 L1 M2 N4 K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii

 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb iii. ax2 + by2 + cz2 Pµ-µwgK ivwk
cÖ‡kœvËi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
171. P(x) = x2  5x + 6 †K x  4 Øviv fvM Ki‡j
e¨vL¨v : iii mwVK bq; 2x2 + 3y2 + 2z2 ivwkwU
i. fvM‡kl 2
Pµ-µwgK bq|
ii. fvM‡kl P ( 4) Gi mgvb
177. i. x2 + y2 + z2 + xy + yz + zx
iii. fvM‡kl P (4) Gi mgvb
ii. x2(y  z) + y2 (z  x) + z(x  y)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
iii. + +
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ n‡Z Rvwb, P(x)
Ki L ii M iii  i, ii I iii
eûc`x‡K x  a Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl P(a) Gi
e¨vL¨v : Pµ-µwgK ivwki msÁv Abyhvqx (i),
mgvb| G‡ÿ‡Î fvM‡kl n‡e P(4) = 42  5  4 + 6 = 2
(ii) I (iii) mwVK|
myZivs i I iii mwVK|
178. i. x2  y2 + z2 ivwkwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk
172. `yBwU eûc`x P(x) I Q(x) mKj x Gi Rb¨
ii. x2y + y2z + z2x ivwkwU x, y, z Pj‡Ki GKwU Pµ-
mgvb n‡j
µwgK ivwk
i. G‡`i mgZv‡K A‡f` e‡j
iii. eY©bvi myweav‡_© x, y, z Pj‡Ki ivwk‡K
ii. P(x)  Q(x) †jLv hvq
F(x, y, z) AvKv‡ii cÖZxK Øviv m~wPZ Kiv
iii. G‡ÿ‡Î P(x) I Q(x) eûc`x `yBwU wfbœ n‡Z
nq
cv‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii  ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : msÁvbyhvqx i I ii mwVK|
179. [Link]` P(x) eûc`xi x  6 GKwU Drcv`K nq, Z‡e
P(x)  Q(x) n‡j P(x) I Q(x) eûc`x `yBwU P(6) = 1
ii. hw` P(x) abvZ¥K gvÎvi eûc`x nq Ges a  0
Awfbœ nq|
nq, Z‡e P(x) †K ax + b Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl P
ZvB iii mwVK bq
n‡e
173. [Link]` a + b + c = 0 nq, Z‡e a2 + b2 + c2 = 3abc.
iii. abvZ¥K gvÎvi †h‡Kv‡bv eûc`xi x  1 GKwU
ii. p(x, y, z) = + + ivwkwU Pµ-µwgK
Drcv`K n‡e hw`I †Kej hw` eûc`xwUi
iii. + + Gi mij gvb
mnMmg~‡ni mgwó 0 nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K i I ii  ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
174. [Link] Pj‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwZmg ivwk Pµ-
180. i.P(x) †K (x  a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl P(a) n‡e
µwgK
ii. P(x) = x3  8x2 + 6x + 60 †K (x + 2) Øviv fvM Ki‡j
ii. cÖ‡Z¨K Pµ-µwgK ivwk, cÖwZmg bq
fvM‡kl n‡e 8|
iii. cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwZmg ivwk Pµ-µwgK
iii. hw` P(x) eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K x  a nq, Z‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
P(a) = 0
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
175. x (y  z) + y (z  x) + z2(x  y) ivwkwU
2 2
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
i. exRMvwYwZK
e¨vL¨v : (i) mwVK, fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ cÖwZÁv-1
ii. Pµ-µwgK
Abyhvqx|
iii. cÖwZmg
(ii) mwVK, x + 2  x  (2)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
P(2) = (2)3  8(2)2 + 6(2) + 60
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
=  8  32  12 + 60 = 60  52 = 8
176. a = 2, b = 3 I c = 2 n‡j
 fvM‡kl = 8.
i. ax + bx + c GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk
2
(iii) mwVK, Drcv`K Dccv‡`¨i wecixZ
ii. ax2 + bcxy + cy2 cÖwZmg ivwk cÖwZÁv Abymv‡i|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  62
181. i. x2 + y2 + z2 + xy + yz + zx ii. eûc`x‡Z c`mg~‡ni Mwiô gvÎv‡K eûc`xi
ii. x2 (y  z) + y2(z  x) + z(x  y) gvÎv ejv nq
iii. + + iii. GK gvÎvhy³ c`‡K aªæec` ejv nq
Dc‡ii †KvbwU cÖwZmg ivwk? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
i L ii M iii N i, ii I iii  i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : GKvwaK PjK aviYKvix †Kv‡bv  Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
exRMvwYwZK ivwki †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU cÖ‡kœvËi
Pj‡Ki ¯’vb wewbg‡q hw` ivwkwU
P(x) = x3  6x2 + 11x  6
AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Z‡e H ivwkwU‡K H
Dc‡ii Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ 185Ñ187 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
PjKmg~‡ni cÖwZmg ivwk e‡j| AZGe,
`vI :
cÖwZmg ivwki msÁv Abyhvqx (i)
mwVK|
185. cÖ`Ë eûc`xi aªæec` KZ?
(mnR)
182. i. 5x + 9ay GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk
K1 L3 M6 6
ii. 13x  14y2 + a + 8 GKwU cvwU©MvwYwZK
186. x = 1 n‡j P(x) = KZ?
ivwk
(ga¨g)
iii. eûc`x we‡kl ai‡bi exRMvwYwZK ivwk
0 L1 M 1 N 24
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K i I ii L ii I iii  i I iii N i, ii I iii 187. cÖ`Ë eûc`xi Drcv`‡K
we‡køwlZ iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
183. i. abvZ¥K gvÎvi †h‡Kv‡bv eûc`xi x  1
K (x  1) (x  2) L (x + 1) (x + 2)
GKwU Drcv`K n‡e hw` I †Kej eûc`xwUi
 (x  1) (x  2) (x  3) N (x  1) (x + 2) (x + 3)
mnMmg~‡ni mgwó k~b¨ nq
P(x) = + + +
ii. P(x) = x3  6x2 + 11x  6 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡kølY
Dc‡ii Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ 188 I 189 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
n‡j (x  1) (x  2) (x  3).
`vI :
iii. P(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d eûc`xi (x  1) GKwU
Drcv`K n‡j a = b = c = d. 188. P(x) Gi 3q I 4_© c‡`i mgwó KZ?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) (ga¨g)
 i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii K L  N
184. i.eûc`x‡Z Mwiô gvÎvhy³ c`‡K gyL¨c` ejv 189. + P(x) Gi mijgvb †KvbwU?
nq (ga¨g)
K  M N

¸iæZ¡c~Y© m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

cÖkœ-1 î x, y, z Gi GKwU eûc`x n‡jv, F(x, y, z) = x 3 + y3 + L. P(x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4

z3  3xyz. M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
K. †`LvI †h, F(x, y, z) GKwU PµµwgK îí 2 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
ivwk| 2
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) =  x2 + 15x + 10x3 + 9
L. F(x, y, z) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki Ges GLb P(x) †K x Pj‡Ki Av`k©iƒ‡c wjL‡j n‡e,
hw` F(x, y, z) = 0, x + y + z  0 nq, Z‡e P(x) = 10x3  x2 + 15x + 9
†`LvI †h,  P(x) Gi gyL¨ mnM n‡jv 10. (Ans.)
x2 + y2 + z2 = xy + yz + zx. 4
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, P(x) = 10x3  x2 + 15x + 9
M. hw` x = b + c  a, y = c + a  b I z = a + b  P(x) Gi aªæec` 9 Gi Drcv`Kmg~‡ni †mU f1 = {1,
c nq, Z‡e †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) : F(x, y, z)  1, 3  3, 9,  9}
= 1 : 4. 4 P(x) Gi g~L¨mnM 10 Gi Drcv`Kmg~‡ni †mU f2 =
îí 1 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí {1, 1, 2,  2, 5,  5, 10  10}
Abykxjbxi 15bs mgvavb †`L| GLb, P(a) we‡ePbv Kwi, †hLv‡b a = Ges   f1, s
cÖkœ-2 î P(x) =  x + 15x + 10x + 9 Ges Q(x) = x +
2 3 3  f2
x  6x.
2 a = 1 n‡j P(1) = 10  1 + 15 + 9  0
a =  1 " P(1) =  10  1  15 + 9  0
[iv. †ev. Õ15]
a =  n‡j P = 10  + 15 + 9
K. P(x) †K x Pj‡Ki Av`k©iƒ‡c wj‡L Gi
=   +9
gyL¨mnM wbY©q Ki| 2
=
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  63
= f(x) †K (2x + 1) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e,
=  f = + 3. + 4 + 6. + 4
=0 =  +  +4
myZivs x + = (2x + 1) A_©vr (2x + 1), P(x) Gi =  +13+4
GKwU Drcv`K| =  +2
GLb, 10x  x + 15x + 9
3 2
=
= 10x3 + 5x2  6x2  3x + 18x + 9 =
= 5x2(2x + 1)  3x(2x + 1) + 9(2x + 1) wb‡Y©q fvM‡kl .
= (2x + 1) (5x2  3x + 9) L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, f(x) = x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4
 P(x) = (2x + 1)(5x  3x + 9)
2
GLv‡b, aªæe msL¨v = 4
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, Q(x) = x + x  6x
3 2
myZvs aªæec‡`i Drcv`Kmg~‡ni †mU n‡Z cv‡i
= x(x2 + x  6) 1, 2, 4
= x(x + 3x  2x  6)
2
x =  1 ewm‡q cvB,
= x(x(x + 3)  2(x + 3)} f(1) = (4)4 + 3(1)3 + 4(1)2 + 6(1) + 4
= x(x + 3) (x  2) =13+46+4
 =99
= =0
awi, = + + ...............(i)  (x + 1), f(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K x(x  2)(x + 3) Øviv ¸Y K‡i GLb, f(x) = x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4
cvB, = x4 + x3 + 2x3 + 2x2 + 2x2 + 2x + 4x + 4
x + x  1  A(x  2)(x + 3) + Bx(x + 3) + cx(x  2) .....(ii)
2
= x3(x + 1) + 2x2(x + 1) + 2x(x + 1) + 4(x + 1)
hv x Gi mKj gv‡bi Rb¨ mZ¨| = (x + 1)(x3 + 2x2 + 2x + 4)
GLb mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 0 ewm‡q cvB, = (x + 1){x2(x + 2) + 2(x + 2)}
0 + 0  1 = A(0  2) (0 + 3) + B.0(0 + 3) + c.0(0  2)
2
= (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2)
ev,  1 = A( 2). 3 + 0 + 0 kZ©g‡Z, f(x) = 0
ev,  1 =  6A  (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2) = 0
ev, A = ev, x + 1 = 0
Avevi mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 2 ewm‡q cvB, ev, x =  1
22 + 2  1 = A(2  2)(2 + 3) + B.2(2 + 3) + c.2(2  2) A_ev, x + 2 = 0
ev, 4 + 2  1 = 0 + 10B + 0 ev, x =  2
ev, 5 = 0 + 10B A_ev, x2 + 2 = 0
B= = ev, x =
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x =  3 ewm‡q hv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq
cvB, wb‡Y©q gvb x =  1,  2.
(3)2 + (3)  1 = A( 3  2) ( 3 + 3) + B( 3)( 3 + 3) + M. =
c( 3)( 3  2). = [ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß]
ev, 9  3  1 = 0 + 0 + 15c g‡b Kwi,
ev, 5 = 15c = + + ............(i)
c= = ev, =
GLb, A, B I C Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)-G ewm‡q cvB, GLb Dfqcÿ‡K (x + 1)(x + 2) (x2 + 2) Øviv fvM K‡i
= + + cvB,
= + +. x = A(x + 1)(x2 + 2) + B(x + 1)(x2 + 2) + C(x + 1)(x + 2) .....
hv wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk| (ii)
4 3 2
cÖkœ-3 î F(x) = x + 3x + 4x + 6x + 4 GKwU eûc`x| mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqcÿ n‡Z mnM mgxK…Z K‡i
K. F(x) †K (2x + 1) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl cvB,
KZ n‡e Zv wbY©q Ki| 2 0 = A + B ........................(iii)
L. F(x) = 0 n‡j x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 0 = 2A + B + C ...............(iv)
M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4 1 = 2A + 2B + 3C ............(v)
mgxKiY (iv) †K (iii) Øviv we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
îí 3 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
A + C = 0 ................(vi)
K. GLv‡b, fvR¨ f(x) = x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4 GLb mgxKiY (iii) †K 2 Øviv ¸b K‡i (v) †K we‡qvM
fvRK = (2x + 1) K‡i cvB,
 fvM‡kl Dccv‡`¨i mvnv‡h¨ cvB, 3c = 1
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  64
ev, c = L. hw` ¦(y) = 0 nq,
c Gi gvb mgxKiY (vi)-G ewm‡q cvB, 
A+ =0 ev, y3 – 2y2 + 1 = 0
A= awi, g(y) = y3 – 2y2 + 1
A Gi gvb mgxKiY (iii)-G ewm‡q cvB,  g(1) = (1)3 – 2(1)2 + 1 = 1 – 2 + 1 = 0
 +B=0  (y – 1), g(y) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
B= ev, y3 – 2y2 + 1 = 0
GLb, mgxKiY (i)-G A, B I C Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB, ev, y3 – y2 – y2 + y – y + 1 = 0
= + + ev, y2(y – 1) – y(y – 1) – 1(y – 1) = 0
= +  ev, (y – 1) (y2 – y) = 0
=   (Ans.) nq, y – 1 = 0 A_ev, y2 – y – 1 = 0
cÖkœ-4 î (a) = a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8 Ges P(x) = y=1
GLv‡b, mgxKiYwU‡K ax2 + bx + c = 0 Gi mv‡_
K. ( 2) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
Zzjbv K‡i cvB,
L. P(x) †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki|4
a = 1, b = – 1, c = – 1
M. hw` (a) †K (a  x) Ges (a  y) Øviv
y=
fvM Ki‡j GKB fvM‡kl _v‡K Z‡e
=
cÖgvY Ki †h, x2 + y2 + xy + 5x + 5y + 6
 y Gi gvb¸‡jv n‡jv: 1, ,
= 0 †hLv‡b x  y. 4
M. ivwkwU :
îí 4 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
GLb, =
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, (a) = a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8 =
 (2) = (2)3 + 5(2)2 + 6(2) + 8  GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk|
=  8 + 20  12 + 8 awi,  ............. (i)
= 8 (Ans.) (i) bs mgxKi‡Yi Dfqc‡ÿ (y – 3) (y + 1) Øviv ¸Y K‡i
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = cvB Ñ
= 3y + 1  A(y + 1) + B(y – 3) ........... (ii)
= = mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ y = – 1 ewm‡q cvB,
hv wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk| 3(– 1) + 1 = A(– 1 + 1) + B(– 1 – 3)
M. fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i, ev, – 3 + 1 = A.0 – 4B
(a) †K (a  x) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e ev, – 2 – 4B
(x) = x2 + 5x2 + 6x + 8 B= =
Ges (a) †K (a  y) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ y = 3 ewm‡q cvB,
(P) = y3 + 5y2 + 6y + 8 3.3 + 1 = A(3 + 1) + B(3 – 3)
kZ©vbymv‡i, (x) = (y) ev, 9 + 1 = 4.A + B.0
ev, x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8 = y3 + 5y2 + 6y + 8 ev, 10 = 4A
ev, x3  y3 + 5(x2  y2) + 6(x  y) = 0 A= =
ev, (x  y) (x2 + xy + y2) + 5(x + y) (x  y) + 6(x  y) = 0 A I B Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB Ñ
ev, (x  y) (x2 + xy + y2 + 5x + 5y + 6) = 0 =
ev, (x  y) (x2 + y2 + xy + 5x + 5y + 6) = 0 wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk : = y +
wKš‘, x  y  0 =y+
 x2 + y2 + xy + 5x + 5y + 6 = 0 [†hLv‡b x  y] cÖkœ-6  PjK x Gi wZbwU eûc`x P(x) = 18x3 +
(cÖgvwYZ) 15x2  x + k,
cÖkœ-5 î (y) = N(x) = x2  4x  7 Ges D(x) = x3  x2  10x  8
K.  wbY©q Ki| 2 K. D(x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 2
L. (y) = 0 n‡j y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 L. P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K (3x + 2) n‡j, k Gi gvb
M. (y) †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki|4 wbY©q Ki| 4
îí 5 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, (y) =  6 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= K. x = 1 emv‡j D(1) = 0 nq|
= = AZGe, (x + 1), D(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
= × =–  D(x) = x3  x2  10x  8
=– = x3 + x2  2x2  2x  8x  8
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  65
= x2 (x + 1)  2x (x + 1)  8(x + 1) 1 1
= (x + 1) (x  2x  8)
2
x3 + x2
= (x + 1) (x  4x + 2x  8)
2
x2  1
= (x + 1) {x(x  4) + 2(x  4) x2 + x
= (x + 1) (x + 2) (x  4) (Ans.) x  1
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 18x3 + 15x2  x + k x  1
†h‡nZz (3x + 2) ev, 3 ev, 3, P(x) Gi GKwU 0
Drcv`K; †m‡nZz Drcv`K Dccv‡`¨i wecixZ x + 1 Øviv f(x) †K fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e 0. (Ans.)
Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i, P = 0 L. F(x) = x3  x2  10x  8
GLv‡b, P = 183 + 152  + k eûc`xwUi g~L¨ mnM 1 Ges aªæe c` 8
= 18 + 15 + + k aªæe c‡`i Drcv`K mg~‡ni †mU = {1, 1, 2, 2, 4,
= + + +k 4, 8, 8}
= = F(1) = 13  12  10.1  8 = 18  0
kZ©vbymv‡i, P = 0 F(1) = (1)3  (1)2  10(1)  8
ev, = 0 = 1  1 + 10  8 = 0
ev, 6 + 3k = 0  k = 2  {x  (1)} A_©vr (x + 1), F(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, N(x) = x2  4x  7 GLb, x3  x2  10x  8
ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, = x3 + x2  2x2  2x  8x  8
D(x) = (x + 1) (x + 2) (x  4) = x2(x + 1)  2x(x + 1)  8(x + 1)
 = = (x + 1) (x2  2x  8)
 GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk| = (x + 1) (x2  4x + 2x 8)
g‡b Kwi,  + + ........ (i) = (x + 1) (x  4) (x + 2)
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x + 1) (x + 2) (x  4) Øviv eûc`x F(x) Gi Drcv`K (x + 1)(x + 2)(x  4) (Ans.)
¸Y K‡i cvB, M. ivwkwU =
x2  4x  7  A(x + 2) (x  4) + B(x + 1) (x  4) + C(x + 1) (x + GLb, = x +
2) ........... (ii) GLv‡b, GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk|
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqcÿ x Gi mKj gv‡bi Rb¨ mZ¨| awi,  + .............(i)
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 1 ewm‡q cvB, mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ (x + 3)(x  1) Øviv ¸Y K‡i
1 + 4  7 = A(1 + 2)(1  4) cvB,
ev, 2 = A(5)  A = 3x  1  A(x  1) + B(x + 3) ............(ii)
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 2 ewm‡q cvB, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 1 ewm‡q cvB,
4 + 8  7 = B(2 + 1)(2  4) 3.1  1 = A(1  1) + B(1 + 3)
ev, 5 = B(1) (6)  B = ev, 3  1 = A  0 + B.4
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 4 ewm‡q cvB, ev, 2 = 4B
16  16  7 = C(4 + 1) (4 + 2) B=
ev, 7 = C(5)(6)  C =  Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K x = 3 ewm‡q
GLb A, B, C Gi gvb (i) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB, cvB,
 +  ; 3(3)  1 = A(3 1) + B(3 + 3)
GwUB cÖ`Ë fMœvs‡ki AvswkK fMœvs‡k ev, 9  1 = A(4) + B  0
cÖKvk| ev, 10 = 4A
cÖkœ-7  wkÿK Qv·`i F(x) = x  x  10x  8 3 2 A=
wjL‡Z ej‡jb wKš‘ fzj K‡i Rvgvj f(x) = x + 2x  1 3 3 A I B Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)-G ewm‡q cvB,
Ges w``vi P(x) = x + 2x  3 wjLj|
2 = +
K. f(x) †K x + 1 Øviv fvM K‡i fvM‡kl wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk, (Ans.)
wbY©q Ki| 2 cÖkœ-8  x, y, z Gi GKwU eûc`x n‡jv :
L. F(x) eûc`x‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 F(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz.
M. Rvgv‡ji †jLv‡K je Ges w``v‡ii K. F(p, q, r) wbY©q Ki Ges †`LvI †h,
†jLv‡K ni a‡i ivwk‡K AvswkK GwU GKwU Pµ-µwgK cÖwZmg
fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4 ivwk| 2
 7 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) =
K. GLv‡b, f(x) = x3 + 2x2  1 (a + b + c) {(a  b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2} 4
AZGe, x + x3 + 2x2  x2 + x 1 M. hw`, a = y + z  x, b = x + z  y, c = x + y 
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  66
z nq Z‡e †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) = 4 F(x, y, K‡i †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki|4
z)| 4  9 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
 8 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  K. †`Iqv Av‡Q,
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz Q(x) = 6x2 + 7x + a eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K (2x + 1)|
 F(p, q, r) = p3 + q3 + r3  3pqr myZivs Drcv`K Dccv‡`¨i wecixZ Dccv`¨
GLb, F(q, r, p) = q3 + r3 + p3  3pqr Abymv‡i,
= p3 + q3 + r3  3pqr Q = 0 n‡e
Ges, F(q, p, r) = q3 + p3 + r3  3qpr GLb, Q = 62 + 7 + a
= p3 + q3 + r3  3pqr =6  +a
 F(p, q, r) = F(q, r, p) = F(q, p, r) =  +a
A_©vr, F(p, q, r) GKwU Pµ-µwgK cÖwZmg ivwk| =
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) =
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, F(a, b, c) = a3 + b3 + c3  3abc =
= (a + b)3  3ab(a + b) + c3  3abc =a2
= (a + b)3 + c3  3ab(a + b + c) kZ©g‡Z, a  2 = 0 a=2
= (a + b + c) {(a + b)2  (a + b)c + c2}  3ab(a + b + c) wb‡Y©q gvb a = 2
= (a + b + c)(a2 + 2ab + b2  ac  bc + c2)  3ab(a + b + c) L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 18x3 + 15x2 + bx + c
= (a + b + c) (a2 + 2ab + b2  ac  bc + c2  3ab) Q(x) = 6x2 + 7x + 2 [ a = 2]
= (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2  ab  bc  ca) Ges P(x) eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K Q(x)
= (a + b + c)(2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2  2ab  2bc  2ca) GLb, Q(x) = 6x2 + 7x + 2
= (a + b + c) (a2  2ab + b2 + b2  2bc + c2 + c2  2ca + a2) = 6x2 + 4x + 3x + 2
= (a + b + c) {(a  b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2} = 2x(3x + 2) + 1(3x + 2)
 F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c) {(a  b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2} = (3x + 2) (2x + 1)
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) myZivs (3x + 2) Ges (2x + 1) ivwkØq n‡e P(x)
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, eûc`xi `ywU Drcv`K|
F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c) {(a  b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2} myZivs Drcv`K Dccv‡`¨i wecixZ Dccv`¨
†`Iqv Av‡Q, a = y + z  x, b = z + x  y, c = x + y  z Abymv‡i,
a+b+c=y+zx+z+xy+x+yz=x+y+z P = 0 Ges P = 0
GLb, (a  b)2 = (y + z  x  z  x + y)2 GLb, P = 18 3+ 15 2+ b + c
= (2y  2x)2 = 18  + 15   + c
= {2(x  y)}2 = +  +c
= 4(x  y)2 =
(b  c) = (z + x  y  x  y + z)2
2 =
= (2z  2y)2 P = 18. 3 + 15. 2 + b + c
= {2(y  z)}2 = 18  + 15   + c
= 4(y  z)2 = +  +c
Ges (c  a)2 = (x + y  z  y  z + x)2 =
= (2x  2z)2 =
= (2(z  x)}2 kZ©vbymv‡i, = 0 Ges = 0
= 4(z  x)2 A_©vr, 4  2b + 3c = 0 ..................... (i)
 F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c) {(a  b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2} 6  2b + 4c = 0 ......................(ii)
= (x + y + z) {4(x  y)2 + 4(y  z)2 + 4(z  x)2} mgxKiY (i) †_‡K (ii) we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
= 4  (x + y + z){(x  y)2 + (y  z)2 + (z  x)2} 4  2b + 3c  6 + 2b  4c = 0
= 4(x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz) ev,  c  2 = 0
= 4F(x, y, z)  c = 2
A_©vr, F(a, b, c) = 4F(x, y, z) (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) mgxKiY (i) -G c =  2 ewm‡q cvB,
cÖkœ-9  P(x) = 18x3 + 15x2 + bx + c eûc`xi GKwU 4  2b + 3 (2) = 0
Drcv`K Q(x) = 6x2 + 7x + a ev, 4  2b  6 = 0
ev, 2b  2 = 0
K. Q(x) eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K (2x + 1) n‡j a
ev, 2b = 2
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
 b = 1
L. a = 2 n‡j †`LvI †h, c = 2b. 4
myZivs, c = 2b
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß b I c Gi gvb e¨envi
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  67
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, b = 1, c = 2 K. (x) ‡K Drcv`‡K we‡klY Ki| 2
†`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 18x + 15x + bx + c
3 2
L. g = 0 n‡j, (x) I g(x) eûc`x؇qi
= 18x3 + 15x2  x  2 [ b = 1, c = 2] mvaviY Drcv`KwU wbY©q Ki| 4
= 18x + 21x + 6x  6x  7x  2
3 2 2
M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
= 3x(6x2 + 7x + 2)  1(6x2 + 7x + 2)  10 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= (6x2 + 7x + 2)(3x  1)
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, f(x) = x3  7x  6
= (2x + 1) (3x + 2) (3x  1)
 f(1) = (1)3  7(1)  6
myZivs †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e|
= 1 + 7  6
awi,  +
=77=0
+ .......... (iii)
 x  (1) ev (x + 1), f(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
(i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (2x + 1)(3x + 2)(3x  1) Øviv ¸Y K‡i
GLb, x3  7x  6 = x3 + x2  x2  x  6x  6
cvB,
= x2(x + 1)  x(x + 1)  6(x + 1)
x = A(3x + 2) (3x  1) + B(2x + 1) (3x  1)
= (x + 1)(x2  x  6)
+ C(2x + 1) (3x + 2) ........... (iv)
= (x + 1) (x2  3x + 2x  6)
GLv‡b, mgxKiY (iv) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x =  ewm‡q
= (x + 1) {(x(x  3) + 2(x  3)}
cvB,
= (x + 1) (x  3) (x + 2)
 =A
= (x  3) (x + 1) (x + 2)
+B +C
GwUB f(x) Gi Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc|
L. GLv‡b, g(x) = 2x2 + x  a Ges g = 0
ev,  = A
 g = 22 +  a
+ B (1 + 1) + C(1 + 1)
ev, 0 = 2  +  a
ev,  = A + B.0. + C.0.
ev, 0 = 1  a
ev,  = A. + 0 + 0
a=1
ev,  .A = 
AZGe, g(x) = 2x2 + x  1
ev, A =
= 2x2 + 2x  x  1
A=
= 2x(x + 1)  1(x + 1)
Avevi mgxKiY (iv) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x =  ewm‡q cvB,
= (x + 1) (2x  1)
 =A +B
ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, f(x) = (x  3)(x + 1)(x + 2)
+C
AZGe, †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, f(x) I g(x) eûc`x؇qi
ev,  = A(2 + 2)( 2  1) + B (2  1) + C ( 2 + 2)
GKwU mvaviY Drcv`K n‡jv (x + 1)
ev,  = A.0( 3) + B (3) + C . 0
M. = = = †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e|
ev,  = 0 + B.1 + 0
g‡b Kwi,  +
B=
ev, 
cybivq, mgxKiY (iv) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = ewm‡q cvB,
ev, 2x  1  A(x  3) + B(x + 2).................. (i)
= A. + B.
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 2 ewm‡q cvB,
+ C.
2(2)  1 = A(2 3) + (2 + 2)
ev, = A.(1 + 2) (1  1) + B (1  1)
ev, 4  1 = A(5) + B.0
+ C (1 + 2)
ev, 5 = 5A
ev, = A.3.0 + B..0 + C. .3
A=1
ev, = 0 + 0 + C.5
Avevi, mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 3 ewm‡q cvB
C=
2  3  1 = A(3  3) + B(3 + 2)
A, B, C Gi gvb mgxKiY (iii)-G ewm‡q cvB,
ev, 6  1 = A.0 + B  5
= + +
ev, 5 = 5B
=  +, hv wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk|
B=1
cÖkœ-10  (x) = x2  7x  6 I g(x) = 2x2 + x  a  = +
`yBwU eûc`x| AZGe, Gi AvswkK fMœvsk n‡jv +
cÖkœ-11  P(x) = x3 + 2x2  5x  6 GKwU eûc`x| Ki‡j GKB fvM‡kl _v‡K †hLv‡b a  b,
K. P(x) †K (x  2) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl Z‡e †`LvI †h,
KZ n‡e? 2 a2 + b2 + ab + 2a + 2b  5 = 0 4
L. P(x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4  11 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
M. hw` P(x) †K x  a Ges x  b Øviv fvM K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x3 + 2x2  5x  6
P(x) †K (x  2) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(2)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  68
 P(2) = 23 + 2.22  5.2  6 = bc(b2  c2) + a3b  ca3  ab3 + c3a
= 8 + 8  10  6 = bc(b2  c2) + a3(b  c)  a(b3  c3)
=0 = bc(b + c) (b  c) + a3 (b  c)  a(b  c)(b2 + bc + c2)
wb‡Y©q fvM‡kl 0. = (b  c){(bc (b + c) + a3  a(b2 + bc + c2)}
L. g‡b Kwi, P(x) = x3 + 2x2  5x  6 = (b  c)(b2c + bc2 + a3  ab2  abc  c2a)
GLv‡b aªæe msL¨v =  6 = (b  c)(a3  ab2  c2a + bc2  abc + b2c)
myZivs Drcv`bmg~‡ni †mU n‡Z cv‡i  1,  2, = (b  c){ a(a2  b2)  c2(a  b)  bc(a  b)}
 3,  6 = (b  c)(a  b) { a (a + b)  c2  bc}
x = 3 ewm‡q cvB, = (b  c)(a  b) (a2 + ab  c2  bc)
P(3) = ( 3)3 + 2( 3)3 + 5  5 ( 3)  6 = (b  c)(a  b)( bc + ab  c2 + a2)
=  27 + 18 + 15  6 = (b  c)(a  b) {  b(c  a)  (c2  a2)}
=  33 + 33 = (b  c)(a  b) {  b(c  a)  (c + a) (c  a)}
=0 = (b  c)(a  b)(c  a)( b  c  a)
 (x + 3), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| = (b  c)(a  b)(c  a) { (a + b + c)}
GLb, P(x) = x3 + 2x2  5x  6 =  (a  b)(b  c)(c  a)(a + b + c) (Ans.)
= x3 + 3x2  x2  3x 2x  6 M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß P(b) = 0
=x2 (x + 3)  x (x + 3) 2(x + 3)  (a  b) cÖ`Ë ivwki GKwU Drcv`K|
= (x + 3)(x2  x  2) GLv‡b, cÖ`Ë ivwkwU Pµ-µwgK ZvB (b  c) Ges
= (x + 3) (x2 2x + x  2) (c  a) Df‡q cÖ`Ë ivwkwUi Drcv`K| Avevi, cÖ`Ë
= (x + 3) {x (x  2) + 1(x  2)} ivwkwU Pvi gvÎvi mggvwÎK ivwk Ges (a  b)(b 
= (x + 3) (x + 1) (x  2) c)(c  a) wZb gvÎvi mggvwÎK ivwk| myZivs
= (x +1) (x  2) (x + 3) cÖ`Ë ivwki Aci Drcv`KwU Aek¨B Pµ-µwgK
wb‡Y©q Drcv`K (x +1) (x 2) (x + 3) Ges GKgvÎvi mggvwÎK ivwk n‡e|
M. P(x) †K x  a Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e A_©vr, Zv k(a + b + c) n‡e, †hLv‡b k GKwU
P(a) = a3 + 2a2  5a  6 aªæeK|
Ges P(x) †K x  b Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e  bc(b2  c2) + ca(c2  a2) + ab(a2  b2)
P(b) = b3 + 2b2  5b  6 = K(a  b)(b  c)(c  a)(a + b + c) ............(i)
kZ©vbymv‡i, a3 + 2a2  5a  6 = b3 + 2b2  5b  6 a, b, c Gi mKj gv‡bi Rb¨ (i) mZ¨|
ev, a3  b3 + 2a2  2b2  5a + 5b  6 + 6 = 0  (i) bs G a = 0, b = 1, c = 2 ewm‡q cvB,
ev, a3  b3 + 2a2  2b2  5a + 5b = 0 2(1  4) + 0(4  0) + 0(0  1) = k(0  1)(1  2)(2  0)(0 + 1 + 2)
ev, (a  b)(a2 + ab + b2) + 2(a + b)(a  b)  5(a  b) = 0 ev,  6 + 0 + 0 = k( 1) ( 1)(2)(3)
ev, (a  b){a2 + ab + b2 + 2a + 2b  5} = 0 ev,  6 = 6K
ev, a2 + b2 + ab + 2a + 2b  5 = 0 [ a  b  0]  k = 1
 a2 + b2 + ab + 2a + 2b  5 = 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) mgxKiY (i)-G K = 1 ewm‡q cvB,
cÖkœ-12  bc(b2  c2) + ca (c2  a2) + ab (a2  b2) bc(b2  c2) + ca(c2  a2) + ab(a2  b2)
= (a  b)(b  c)(c  a)(a + b + c) (Ans.)
GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
K. cÖ`Ë ivwkwU‡K a Gi eûc`x P(a) cÖkœ-13 î a2 (b  c) + b2(c  a) + c2 (a  b) GKwU
we‡ePbv K‡i Zv‡Z a Gi cwie‡Z© b exRMvwYwZK ivwk Ges , , wZbwU g~j` fMœvsk|
ewm‡q P(b) wb‡Y©q Ki| 2 K. †`LvI †h, exRMvwYwZK ivwkwU
L. ivwkwU‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 AcÖwZmg| 2
M. ivwkwUi cÖK…wZ wbY©q Ki Ges L. exRMvwYwZK ivwkwU Drcv`‡K
Drcv`K Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx ivwkwU‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 M. g~j` fMœvsk wZbwUi †hv‡Mi
 12 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  mijgvb wbY©q Ki| 4
îí 13 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
K. cÖ`Ë ivwk = bc(b2  c2) + ca(c2  a2) + ab (a2  b2)
kZ©g‡Z, P(a) = bc(b2  c2) + ca(c2  a2) + ab (a2  b2) K. cÖ`Ë ivwk = a2(b  c) + b2(c  a) + c2 (a  b)
 P(b) = bc(b2  c2) + bc(c2  b2)  b2(b2  b2) ivwkwU‡Z a I b Gi ¯’vb wewbgq K‡i cvB,
= bc(b2  c2)  bc(b2  c2)  0 b2(a  c) + a2(c  b) + c2(b  a)
=0 hv c~‡e©i ivwk †_‡K wfbœ|
wb‡Y©q P(b) = 0.  cÖ`Ë exRMvwYwZK ivwkwU AcÖwZmg|
L. cÖ`Ë ivwk, bc(b2  c2) + ca(c2  a2) + ab(a2  b2) (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
= bc(b2  c2) + c3a  ca3 + a3b  ab3 L. cÖ`Ë ivwk, a2(b  c) + b2(c  a) + c2(a  b)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  69
= a2(b  c) + b2c  ab2 + c2a  bc2 †h‡nZz cÖ`Ë fMœvs‡ki je Gi gvÎv ni Gi gvÎv
= a2(b  c) + b2c  bc2  ab2 + c2a A‡cÿv †QvU
= a2(b  c) + bc (b  c)  a(b2  c2) myZivs, GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk|
= a2(b  c) + bc (b  c)  a(b + c) (b  c) L. cÖ`Ë fMœvs‡ki ni = x4 + 3x2 + 2
= (b  c) {a2 + bc  a (b + c)} = x4 + 2x2 + x2 + 2
= (b  c)(a2 + bc  ab  ca) = x2 (x2 + 2) + 1(x2 + 2)
= (b  c)(a2  ab  ca + bc) = (x2 + 2)(x2 + 1) (Ans.)
= (b  c) {a (a  b)  c (a  b)} Avevi, ≡ +
= (b  c)(a  b)(a  c) M. ÔLÕ Ask n‡Z cÖvß ≡ + ......(i)
= (b  c)(a  b) { (c  a)} g‡b Kwi, ≡ + .............. (i)
=  (a  b)(b  c)(c  a) (Ans.) mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfq cÿ‡K (x2 + 2)(x2 + 1) Øviv ¸Y K‡i
M. + + cvB,
= + + x3  (Ax + B)(x2 + 1) + (Cx + D)(x2 + 2)
= + + ≡ Ax3 + Ax + Bx2 + B + Cx3 + 2Cx + Dx2 + 2D
= ≡ (A + C) x3 + (B + D) x2 + (A + 2C) x + (B + 2D)...... (ii)
= mgxKiY (ii) Gi x3, x2, x Gi mnM Ges aªæec`
= mgxK…Z K‡i cvB,
[ a3(b  c) + b3(c  a) + c3 (a  b) = (a  b)(b  c)(a + b + c] A + C = 1.............. (iii)
= B + D = 0.............. (iv)
= A + 2C = 0............. (v)
= a + b + c (Ans.) B + 2D = 0.............(vi)
mgxKiY (iv) I (vi) n‡Z cvB, B = 0 Ges D = 0
cÖkœ-14 î GKwU fMœvsk|
mgxKiY (v) bs n‡Z cvB,
K. cÖ`Ë fMœvskwU †Kvb ai‡bi A+C+C=0
fMœvsk? 2 ev, 1 + C = 0 [ A + C = 1]
L. fMœvskwUi ni‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY C=1
Ki Ges fMœvskwU‡K AvswkK C = 1 n‡j mgxKiY (iii) n‡Z cvB,
fMœvs‡ki AvKv‡i †jL| 4 A1=1
M. cÖ`Ë fMœvskwU‡K AvswkK A=2
fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4 GLb, A, B, C Ges D Gi gvb (i) bs mgxKi‡Y
îí 14 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí ewm‡q cvB,
K. cÖ`Ë fMœvs‡ki je x3 Ges ni x4 + 3x2 + 2 Df‡qB x
Pj‡Ki eûc`x| = +
GLv‡b, je x3 Gi gvÎv 3 Ges ni x4 + 3x2 + 2 Gi gvÎv =  GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk|
4|
cÖkœ-15  + + = = + +
Ges P(x) = + + + = + +
= + +
K. P(x) Gi 3q I 4_© c‡`i mgwó KZ? 2
= +
L. + P(x) †K mij Ki| 4
= +
M. †`LvI †h, a = b = c A_ev ab + bc + ca = 04
= +
 15 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
=
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = + + + = = (Ans.)
3q I 4_© c‡`i mgwó M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, + + =
= + ev, + +  3. . . = 0
= + ev, = 0
= ev, = 0
= [ x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz = (x + y + z) {(x  y)2 + (y  z)2 +
= = (Ans.) (z  x)}]
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, + P(x)  + + =0
= + + + + ev, = 0
= + + + [K n‡Z]  ab + bc + ca = 0
= + + +
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  70
A_ev, = 0 =0 =0 mgxKiY (i) I (ii) mgxK…Z K‡i cvB,
ev,  = 0 ev,  = 0 ev,  = 0  Q(x) = xn  1  axn  2 + a2 xn  3, a3xn  4 + ........+( 1)n  1an  1.
ev, = ev, = ev, = (Ans.)
a = b b=c c=a cÖkœ-17 î F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)  abc
a=b=c K. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) GKwU Pµ-µwgK
 + + = n‡j a = b = c A_ev ab + bc + ca = 0 ivwk| 2
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) L. F(a, b, c) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
cÖkœ-16 î P(x) = x16  1 Ges G(x) = + + + M. F(a, b, c) = 0 n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, (a + b
K. †`LvI †h, (x + 1) I (x  1) DfqB F(x) Gi + c)3 = a3 + b3 + c3 4
GKwU Drcv`K| 2 îí 17 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, G(x) + =  4 K. F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)  abc ivwkwU‡Z
M. g‡b Kwi, G(x) = x + a †hLv‡b n
n n
a Gi cwie‡Z© b, b Gi cwie‡Z© c Ges c Gi
abvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v Ges a aªæeK| cwie‡Z© a emv‡j Avgiv cvB,
n we‡Rvo msL¨v n‡j †`LvI †h (x + a) F(b, c, a) = (b + c + a)(bc + ca + ab)  bca
eûc`xwUi GKwU Drcv`K Ges Ggb = (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)  abc
Q(x) wbY©q Ki †hb G(x) = (x + a) Q(x) = F(a, b, c)
nq| 4  F(a, b, c) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| (†`Lv‡bv
îí 16 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí n‡jv)
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(x) = x16  1 L. †`Iqv Av‡Q,
(x + 1), F(x) Gi Drcv`K n‡j F(  1) = 0 n‡e| F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)  abc
 F(  1) = (  1)16  1 = a2b + abc + ca2 + ab2 + b2c
=11 + abc + abc + bc2 + c2a  abc
=0 = a b + abc + ca + ab2 + b2c + abc + bc2 + ac2
2 2

 (x + 1), F(x) Gi Drcv`K| = a2b + ca2 + ab2 + abc + b2c + bc2 + abc + ac2
Avevi, (x  1), F(x) Gi Drcv`K n‡j F(1) = 0 n‡e| = a2(b + c) + ab(b + c) + bc(b + c) + ac(b + c)
 F(1) = (1)16  1 = (b + c)(a2 + ab + bc + ac)
=11 = (b + c){a(a + b) + c(a + b)}
=0 = (b + c)(a + b)(a + c)
 (x + 1), F(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| = (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) (Ans.)
(x + 1) I (x  1) DfqB F(x) Gi Drcv`K| (†`Lv‡bv M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(a, b, c) = 0
n‡jv) A_©vr, (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)  abc = 0
L. evgcÿ = G(x) +  (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) = abc
Abykxjbx 2 Gi 12(d) bs mgvavb †`L| GLb, (a + b + c)3
 G(x) + =  (cÖgvwYZ) = (a + b + c)3  3abc + 3abc
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, G(x) = xn + an = (a + b + c)3  3(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) + 3abc
†hLv‡b n abvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v Ges a GKwU [ abc = (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)]
aªæeK| = (a + b + c){(a + b + c)2  3(ab + bc+ ca)} + 3abc
GLv‡b, G( a) = ( a)n + an = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca  3ab  3bc 
= ( 1)n an + an 3ca) + 3abc
=  an + an [ n we‡Rvo n‡j ( 1)n =  1] = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2  ab  bc  ca) + 3abc
=0 = a3 + b3 + c3  3abc + 3abc.
 {x  ( a)} A_©vr (x + a), a(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| = a 3 + b3 + c 3
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)  (a + b + c)3 = a3 + b3 + c3 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
†`Iqv Av‡Q, a(x) = (x + a) Q(x) ...................(i)
GLv‡b G(x) Gi x Pj‡Ki gvÎv n.
cÖkœ-18 î P(x) = x3 + 7x2  x + a Ges Q(x) = x4  4x3 +
(x + a) G Pj‡Ki gvÎv 1.
5x2 + 8x + b.
 s(x) G x Pj‡Ki gvÎv n‡e (n  1)
K. {P(  1) + Q(  1)} Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
Avevi, G(x) = xn + an
L. x Gi †Kvb †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ P(x) = 0
= (x  a) [xn  [Link]  2 + a2xn  3 ....... (1)n  2. an 
2 n‡e, †hLv‡b P (  7) = 0 4
. x + ( 1)n  1 an  1] .....................(ii)
M. (x  1) h_vµ‡g P(x) Ges Q(x) Df‡qi
[ xn + yn = (x + y) {xn  1  xn  2y + xn 
3 2 Drcv`K n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, a + b + 17 =
y ................ + ( 1)n  2xyn  2 + ( 1)n  1yn  1}]
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  71
0 4 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
îí 18 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, = 0
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x + 7x  x + a
3 2 ev, = 0
 P(  1) = (  1)3 + 7(  1)2  (  1) + a  bc + ca + ab = 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
=1+7+1+a †h‡nZz `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e‡M©i †hvMdj k~b¨
=7+a n‡j, cÖ‡Z¨K e‡M©i †hvMdj Avjv`vfv‡e k~b¨
Ges Q(x) = x4  4x3 + 5x2 + 8x + b nq,
 Q(  1) = ( 1)4  4(  1)3 + 5 ( 1)2 + 8 (  1) + b myZivs = 0
=1+4+58+b ev,  = 0
=2+b ev, =
 P(  1) + Q(  1) = 7 + a + 2 + b a=b
= a + b + 9 (Ans.) Avevi, = 0
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x3 + 7x2  x + a ev,  = 0
 P (  7) = (  7)3 + 7(  7)2  (  7) + a ev, =
=  343 + 343 + 7 + a b=c
=7+a  a = b = c (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
†h‡nZz P(  7) = 0 M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, =
ev, 7 + a = 0 ev, + +  3. . . = 0
a=7 ev, = 0
P(x) = x3 + 7x2  x  7 nq, = 0
= x2(x + 7)  1(x + 7) A_ev, + + = 0
= (x2  1)(x + 7)  =0
= (x + 1)(x  1)(x + 7) ev, a = b
†`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 0 n‡e a=b
 (x + 1)(x  1)(x + 7) = 0 Avevi, = 0
ev, x =  1 A_ev x = 1 A_ev x =  7 ev, c = b
 x = 1 A_ev x = 1 A_ev x = 7 (Ans.) c=b
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x3 + 7x2  x + a  a = b = c (cÖgvwYZ)
(x  1), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡j, P(1) = 0 n‡e| cÖkœ-20 î x Pj‡Ki `yBwU eûc`x P(x) = 2x3 + 3x2
 P(1) = (1)3 + 7(1)2  1 + a  3x  a Ges Q(x) = 2x3  7x2 + 7x  2
ev, 0 = 1 + 7  1 + a K. Q wbY©q Ki| 2
ev, 0 = 7 + a L. x + 2, P(x) Gi Drcv`K n‡j a Gi gvb
ev, 7 + a = 0 wbY©q Ki| 4
a=7 M. P(x) I Q(x) Gi GKwU mvaviY Drcv`K
Avevi, Q(x) = x4  4x3 + 5x2 + 8x + b wbY©q Ki| 4
(x  1), Q(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡j Q(1) = 0 n‡e, îí 20 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
 Q(1) = (1)4  4(1)3 + 5(1)2 + 8(1) + b
K. Q(x) = 2x3  7x2 + 7x  2
ev, 0 = 1  4 + 5 + 8 + b
Q =27+72
ev, 0 = 10 + b
= 2.  7. + 7.  2
ev, 10 + b = 0
=  + 2
 b =  10
=
GLb, a + b + 17 =  7  10 + 17 = 0
= = 0 (Ans.)
 a + b + 17 = 0 (cÖgvwYZ)
L. x + 2, P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡j P(  2) = 0 n‡e,
cÖkœ-19 î hw` + + = nq, GLb, P(  2) = 2(  2)3 + 3(  2)2  3(  2)  a
K. †`LvI †h, = 0 2 = 2(  8) + 3.4 + 6  a
L. †`LvI †h, bc + ca + ab = 0 Ges a = b = c4 =  16 + 12 + 6  a
M. hw` = nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki a = b = c 4 =2a
îí 19 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí GLb, 2  a = 0
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, + + = a=2
ev, + +  3. . . = 0 wb‡Y©q a Gi gvb 2.
ev, = 0
M. g‡b Kwi, x + b, P(x) I Q(x) Gi mvaviY Drcv`K|
ev, = 0
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  72
hLb b  0 Avevi, xy + yz + zx = 0
Zvn‡j, P(  b) = 2(  b)3 + 3(  b)2  3( b)  2 ev, yz + zx =  xy
= 2b3 + 3b2 + 3b  2 ev, z2 + yz + zx = z2  xy
Q(  b) = 2(  b)3  7(  b)2 + 7( b)  2 ev, z(z + y + x) = z2  xy
=  2b3  7b2  7b  2 ev, z(x + y + z) = z2  xy
cÖkœg‡Z,  2b3 + 3b2 + 3b  2 = 0 ..................... (i)  =
Ges  2b3  7b2  7b  2 = 0 ..................... (ii) Abyiƒcfv‡e, =
mgxKiY (i) †_‡K (ii) we‡qvM K‡i cvB, GLb, + + =
3b2 + 7b2 + 3b + 7b = 0 ++
ev, 10b2 + 10b = 0 = =0
ev,10b (b + 1) = 0  + + = 0 (cÖgvwYZ)
wKš‘ b  0
b+1=0 cÖkœ-22 î F(a, b, c) = + +
ev, b =  1
K. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) Pµ-µwgK ivwk| 2
 P(x) I Q(x) Gi mvaviY Drcv`K (x  1)
L. F(a, b, c) Gi mijdj wbY©q Ki| 4
cÖkœ-21 î x, y I z Pj‡Ki GKwU mggvwÎK M. hw` F(a, b, c) = 0 nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki
eûc`x n‡jv, †h,
F(x, y, z) = + +  a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc. 4
K. †`LvI †h, F(x, y, z) GKwU Pµ-µwgK îí 22 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
ivwk| 2 K. F(a, b, c) = + +
L. F(x, y, z) = 0 n‡j †`LvI †h, x = y = z  F(b, c, a) = + +
Ges
xy + yz + zx = 0 4 = F(a, b, c)
M. xy + yz + zx = 0 n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, Avevi F(c, b, a) = + +
+ + =0 4 = F(a, b, c)
îí 21 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí  F(a, b, c) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| (†`Lv‡bv
K. F(x, y, z) = + +  n‡jv)
F(x, y, z) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk n‡e hw` Ges L. F(a, b, c) = + +
†Kej hw` F(x, y, z) = F(y, z, x) nq| = ++
GLb, F(y, z, x) = + +  =
= + +  =
= F(x, y, z) =
A_©vr F(x, y, z) Pµ-µwgK ivwk| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) = a + b + c (Ans.)
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(x, y, z) = 0 M. F(a, b, c) = 0 Ges F(a, b, c) = a + b + c
 + +  =0  a + b + c = 0 ev a + b =  c
ev, = 0 GLb, a3 + b3 + c3
nq, = 0 = (a + b)3  3ab(a + b) + c3
ev, = 0 = (  c)3  3ab (  c) + c3
 xy + yz + zx = 0 =  c3 + 3abc + c3
A_ev, = 0 = 3abc
wKš‘ KZK¸‡jv eM©ivwki mgwó k~b¨ n‡j Zviv  a + b3 + c3 = 3abc (cÖgvwYZ)
3

cÖ‡Z¨‡K Avjv`vfv‡e k~b¨ n‡e|

 =0 =0 Ges = 0 cÖkœ-23 î F(a, b, c) = a3 + b3 + c3  3abc
ev,  = 0 ev,  = 0 ev,  = 0 K. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) GKwU Pµ-µwgK
ev, = ev, = ev, = mggvwÎK| 2
 x=y  y=z z =x L. F(a, b, c) †K Drcv`‡Ki we‡kølY Ki| 4
 x = y = z (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) M. F(a, b, c) = 0 n‡j, †`LvI †h, a + b + c = 0
M. xy + yz + zx = 0 Ges
ev, xy + yz =  zx a=b=c 4
ev, y2 + xy + yz = y2  zx îí 23 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
ev, y (x + y + z) = y2  zx K. F(a, b, c) Gi cÖ‡Z¨K c‡`i gvÎv 3
 =
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  73
F(a, b, c) GKwU mggvwÎK eûc`x| ev, x = 8 ev, x = 4
GLb, F(a, b, c) †Z a Gi ¯’‡j b, b Gi ¯’‡j c Ges c Gi ev, 2 = 2
y 3
ev, 2y = 22
¯’‡j a ewm‡q cvB, y=3 y=2
F(b, c, a) = b3 + c3 + a3  3bca; hv F(a, b, c) Gi mgvb| wb‡Y©q gvb y = 2, 3
 F(a, b, c) ivwkwU Pµ-µwgK mggvwÎK| M. f(x) =
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) =
L. F(a, b, c) = a3 + b3 + c3  3abc =x+
= (a + b)3  3ab (a + b) + c3  3abc =x+
= (a + b)3 + c3  3ab(a + b)  3abc = x + ......................(i)
= (a + b + c) {(a + b)2  (a + b) c + c2}  3ab (a + b + g‡b Kwi,  +   ...(ii)
c) mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x  3)(x + 1) Øviv ¸Y K‡i
= (a + b + c) (a2 + 2ab + b2  ac  bc + c2  3ab) cvB,
= (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2  ab  bc  ca) 3x + 1 ≡ A(x + 1) + B(x  3)      (iii)
= (a + b + c) {2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2  2ab  2bc  2ca} mgxKiY (iii) -G x =  1 ewm‡q cvB,
= (a + b + c){(a  b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2} 3  (  1) + 1 = A(  1 + 1) + B(  1  3)
F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2  ab  bc  ca) ev,  2 = B  ( 4)
= (a + b + c) {(a  b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2} ev, B = =
(Ans.) Avevi, mgxKiY (iii) -G x = 3 ewm‡q cvB,
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(a, b, c) = 0 3  3 + 1 = A(3 + 1) + B(3  3)
 a3 + b3 + c3  3abc = 0 ev, 10 = A  4
ev, (a + b + c){(a  b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2} = 0 ev, A = =
a + b + c = 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) mgxKiY (ii) -G A I B Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
A_ev, (a  b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2 = 0 = +
wKš‘ Giv eM©ivwk e‡j cÖ‡Z¨‡K AFYvZ¥K, = +
†h‡nZz Zv‡`i mgwó 0, myZivs Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki  f(x) = = x + +
gvb k~b¨ n‡e| GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk|
(a  b)2 = 0 cÖkœ-25 î F(a, b, c) = + + 
ev, a  b = 0
K. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) GKwU mggvwÎK
ev, a = b
Pµ-µwgK| 2
Avevi, (b  c)2 = 0
L. F(a, b, c) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
ev, b  c = 0
M. F(a, b, c) = 0 n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, ab + bc
ev, b = c
+ ca = 0 A_ev a = b = c 4
 a = b = c (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
îí 25 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
K. F(a, b, c) Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU c‡`i gvÎv 3| myZivs
cÖkœ-24 î f(x) = Ges g(y) = z2y  32y + 2 + 32
GwU mggvwÎK|
K. f(1) Ges f( 1) wbY©q Ki| 2 Avevi, F(a, b, c) = + + 
L. g(y) = 0 n‡j y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 G‡Z a Gi ¯’‡j b, b Gi ¯’‡j c Ges c Gi ¯’‡j a ewm‡q
M. f(x) †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki|4 cvB,
îí 24 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí F(a, b, c) = + +  = F(a, b, c)
K. f(1) = = = 0  F(b, c, a ) Pµ-µwgK ivwk|
f(1) = = = F(a, b, c) GKwU mggvwÎK Pµ-µwgK ivwk|
wKš‘ AmsÁvwqZ| G‡ÿ‡Î Gi †Kv‡bv gvb †bB| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
(Ans.) L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(a, b, c) = + + 
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, g(y) = 22y  32y + 2 + 32 = + +  3. . .
ev, 22y  3.2y + 2 + 32 = 0 [ g(y) = 0] =
ev, 22y  3.2y.22 + 32 = 0 = (Ans.)
ev, 22y  3.2y.4 + 32 = 0
M. Avevi, F(a, b, c) = 0
ev, (2y)2  12.2y + 32 = 0
 + +  =0
ev, x2  12x + 32 = 0 [awi 2y = x]
ev, = 0
ev, x  8x  4x + 32 = 0
2

 =0
ev, (x  8)(x  4) = 0
ev, bc + ca + ab = 0
nq, x  8 = 0 A_ev x  4 = 0
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  74
A_ev, + + = 0 îí 27 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
wKš‘ Giv eM©ivwk e‡j cÖ‡Z¨‡KB K. (a) = a2(b  c) + b2(c  a) + c2(a  b)
AFYvZ¥K, Zv‡`i gvb k~b¨ e‡j  (b) = b2(b  c) + b2(c  b) + c2(b  b)
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gvb k~b¨ n‡e, = b3  b2c + b2c  b3 + 0 = 0
†h‡nZz (b) = 0, †m‡nZz (a  b), (a) Gi GKwU
=0 Avevi = 0
Drcv`K|
ev, = 0 ev,  = 0
(cÖgvwYZ)
ev, = ev, =
L. (a) = a2(b  c) + b2(c  a) + c2(a  b)
 a=b  b=c
= a2(b  c) + b2c  ab2 + ac2  bc2
myZivs a = b = c (cÖgvwYZ)
= a2(b  c) + bc(b  c)  a(b2  c2)
cÖkœ-26 î F(a, b, c) = (a  b)3 + (b  c)3 + (c  a)3 Ges
= (b  c){a2 + bc  a(b + c)}
F (a, b, c) = a(b2  c2) + b(c2  a2) + c(a2  b2)
= (b  c){a2 + bc  ab  ac}
K. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) = 3(a  b)(b  c)(c  a)2 = (b  c){a(a  b)  c(a  b)}
L. F(a, b, c) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 = (b  c)(a  b)(a  c)
M. mij Ki + + | 4 =  (a  b)(b  c)(c  a) (Ans.)
îí 26 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí M. cÖ`Ë ivwk,
K. F(a, b, c) = (a  b)3 + (b  c)3 + (c  a) 3 + +
g‡b Kwi, a  b = x = + +
bc=y =
Ges c  a = z = [ÔLÕ n‡Z]
x+y+z=0 = 1 (Ans.)
GLb, x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz = (x + y + z)
cÖkœ-28 î PjK x Gi wZbwU ivwk (x + 3), (x2  9) , x3
(x2 + y2 + z2  xy  yz  zx)
K. DcwiD³ ivwkmg~n n‡Z 1g I 2q
ev, x + y + z  3xyz = 0  (x2 + y2 + z2  xy  yz  zx)
3 3 3
ivwk Øviv GKwU cÖK…Z Ges 2q I
ev, x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz = 0
3q ivwk Øviv GKwU AcÖK…Z
ev, x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz
fMœvsk ˆZwi Ki| 2
 (a  b)3 + (b  c)3 + (c  a)3 = 3(a  b)(b  c)(c  a)
L. AcÖK…Z fMœvskwU †_‡K GKwU
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
cÖK…Z fMœvsk c„_K Ki| 4
L. F(a, b, c) = a(b  c ) + b(c  a ) + c(a2  b2)
2 2 2 2
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß cÖK…Z fMœvskwU‡K
= a(b2  c2) + bc2  a2b + ca2  b2c
AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
= a(b2  c2)  bc (b  c)  a2(b  c)
îí 28 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
= (b  c){a(b + c)  bc  a2}
= (b  c){ab + ac  bc  a2} K. GLv‡b,cÖ_g ivwk = x + 3
= (b  c){c(a  b)  a(a  b)} wØZxq ivwk= x2  9 = (x + 3)(x  3)
= (b  c)(a  b)(c  a) Ges Z…Zxq ivwk = x3
= (a  b)(b  c)(c  a) (Ans.) GLb, = ; hv GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk|
M. cÖ`Ë ivwk = + + Ges , hv GKwU AcÖK…Z fMœvsk|
= L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß AcÖK…Z fMœvskwU n‡”Q
= GLb, =
= [K †_‡K] =
= = +
= =x+ =x+
= GLv‡b GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk|
= M. ÔL' n‡Z cÖvß cÖK…Z fMœvskwU n‡”Q
= g‡b Kwi, ≡ + .............. (i)
= = 2 (Ans.) mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x + 3)(x  3) Øviv ¸Y K‡i
cvB,
cÖkœ-27 î (a) = a2(b  c) + b2(c  a) + c2(a  b) 9x ≡ A(x  3) + B(x + 3) .................... (ii)
mgxKiY (ii) G x = 3 ewm‡q cvB,
K. cÖgvY Ki †h, a  b, (a) Gi GKwU
9  3 = A(3  3) + B(3 + 3)
Drcv`K| 2
ev, 27 = A  0 + B  6
L. (a) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
ev, 27 = 6B
M. mij Ki : + + 4
B=
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  75
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii)-G x =  3 ewm‡q cvB îí 30 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
9 ( 3) = A(  3  3) + B(  3 + 3) K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x3 + 6x2 + 7x + 10
ev,  27 =  6A + B  0  P = + 6 + 7 + 10
A= = + + + 10
A I B Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)-G ewm‡q cvB, =
= + = (Ans.)
 = + (Ans.) L. P(5) = (5)3 + 6(5)2 + 7(5) + 10
cÖkœ-29 î 5x3 + 6x2  32x + 6 GKwU x Pj‡Ki =  125 + 150  35 + 10
we›`y| =0
 fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i (x + 5), P(x) Gi GKwU
K. eûc`wU‡K x Gi me©wbgœ NvZ
Drcv`K n‡e|
wewkó c`‡K Ges c`wU‡Z x Gi NvZ
 x3 + 6x2 + 7x + 10
KZ? 2
= x3 + 5x2 + x2 + 5x + 2x + 10
L. P(x) †K x  2 Øviv fvM K‡i fvMdj
= x2(x + 5) + x(x + 5) + 2(x + 5)
wbY©q Ki| 4
= (x + 5) (x2 + x + 2)
M. P(x) †K x  2 Øviv fvM K‡i cÖvß
= (x + 5) (x2 + 2x + x + 2)
fvM‡kl‡K fvM‡kl Dccv‡`¨i mvnv‡h¨
= (x + 5) {x(x + 2) + 1(x + 2)}
†ei Ki Ges †`LvI †h, fvR¨ = fvRK 
= (x + 5)(x + 2) (x + 1)
fvMdj + fvM‡kl| 4
 P(x) Gi mvaviY Drcv`K (x + 5)(x + 2) (x + 1)
îí 29 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí (Ans.)
K. eû c`wU‡K x Gi me©wbgœ NvZ wewkó c` 6 M. P(x) †K x  a Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e,
Ges H c‡` x Gi NvZ 0. P(a) = a3 + 6a2 + 7a + 10
L. P(x) †K x  b Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e,
x2 5x3 + 6x2  32x + 5x2 + 16x P(b) = b3 + 6b2 + 7b + 10
6 kZ©vbymv‡i, a3 + 6a2 + 7a + 10 = b3 + 6b2 + 7b + 10
5x3  10x2 ev, a3  b3 + 6(a2  b2) + 7(a  b) = 0
16x2  32x ev, (a  b) (a2 + b2 + ab + 6a + 6b + 7) = 0
16x2  32x  a2 + b2 + ab + 6a + 6b + 7 = 0 (†`Lv‡bv
6 n‡jv)
wb‡Y©q fvMdj 5x2 + 16x. cÖkœ-31 î P(x) = , g(x) = (1 + x) + (1  x) |
M. fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i P(x) †K (x  2) Øviv fvM K. P(2) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(2). L. P(x) †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki|4
 P(2) = 5.23 + 6.22  32.2 + 6 M. g(x) = n‡j, x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
= 40 + 24  64 + 6 îí 31 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
= 70  64 = 6
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) =
GLv‡b, fvRK = x  2
 P(2) =
fvMdj = 5x2 + 16x
= =  (Ans.)
fvR¨ = 5x3 + 16x2  32x + 6 Ges fvM‡kl = 6
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = =
myZivs, fvRK  fvMdj + fvM‡kl
=
= (x  2)(5x2 + 16x) + 6
=
= 5x3 + 16x2  10x2  32x + 6
=
= 5x3 + 6x2  32x + 6
awi,  ≡ ..................(i)
= fvR¨
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x  4) (x  3) Øviv ¸Y K‡i
 fvR¨ = fvRK  fvMdj + fvM‡kl (†`Lv‡bv
cvB,
n‡jv)
x + 1 ≡ A(x  3) + B(x  4) .................(ii)
cÖkœ-30 î P(x) = x3 + 6x2 + 7x + 10 nq, Zvn‡j x = 3 n‡j,
K. P wbY©q Ki| [hLb r = 0] 2 3+1=B
L. P(x) Gi mvaviY Drcv`K wbY©q Ki| 4 B=4
M. P(x) †K (x  a) Ges (x  b) Øviv fvM x = 4 n‡j,
Ki‡j GKB fvM‡kl _v‡K †hLv‡b a  b, 4+1=A
Z‡e †`LvI †h, A=5
a2 + b2 + ab + 6a + 6b + 7 = 0 4 A I B Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) -G ewm‡q cvB,
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  76
=  (Ans.) ev, 2 + 3 . = 2
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, g(x) = (1 + x) + (1  x) ev, 3 . = 0
Avevi, g(x) = ev, 3 = 0
 + = ev, 1  x = 0
ev, =  x = 1 (Ans.)
ev, (1 + x + 1  x) + 3 = 2
cÖkœ-32 î †`Iqv Av‡Q,  = GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk|
3 2
P(x) = x + 6x + 11x + 6 awi,  + + ...........(i)
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x + 1)(x + 2)(x+ 3) Øviv ¸Y K‡i
Q(x) = x4 + 7x3 + 17x2 + 17x + k
cvB,
R(x) = x3  x2  10x  8
x2 ≡ A(x + 2)(x + 3) + B(x + 1)(x + 3) + C (x + 1)(x + 2) ....
K. R(x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 2 (ii)
L. Q(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K 3x + 2 n‡j, k Gi mgxKiY (ii) -G x = 1 ewm‡q cvB,
gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 (1)2 = A(1 + 2)(  1 + 3) + B( 1 + 1) ( 1 + 3)
M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4 + C( 1 + 1)( 1 + 2)
îí 32 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí ev, 1 = A(1)(2)
K. g‡b Kwi, f(x) = x2  x2  10x  8 ev, 2A = 1
 f( 1) = ( 1)3  (1)2  10 (1)  8 A=
=  1  1 + 10  8 = 0 mgxKiY (ii) -G x =  2 ewm‡q cvB,
 {x  (1)} = x + 1 (2)2 = A(2 + 2)( 2 + 3) + B( 2 + 1)(  2 + 3)
A_©vr (x + 1), f(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| + C (2 + 1) (2 + 2)
GLb, x3  x2  10x  8 ev, 4 = B( 1)(1)
= x3 + x2  2x2  2x  8x  8 ev, B = 4
= x2 (x + 1)  2x(x + 1)  8(x + 1) B=4
= (x + 1)(x2  2x  8) mgxKiY (ii) bs G x =  3 ewm‡q cvB,
= (x + 1)(x2  4x + 2x  8) (3)2 = A(3 + 2)( 3 + 3) + B( 3 + 1) ( 3 + 3)
= (x + 1) {x(x  4) + 2(x  4)} + C( 3 + 1) ( 3 + 2)
= (x + 1)(x  4)(x + 2) (Ans.) ev, 9 = C( 2)(1)
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, ev, 2C = 9
Q(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K (3x + 2) A_©vr C=
Q(x) = x4 + 7x3 + 17x2 + 17x + k Gi GKwU Drcv`K| A, B I C Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) -G ewm‡q cvB,
Q =0 = + +
ev, + 7 + 17 + 17 + k = 0  =  + GwUB wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk|
ev,  + 17   + k = 0 (Ans.)
ev,  +  + k = 0 cÖkœ-33 î P(x) = x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8 GKwU eûc`x|
ev, = 0
K. P(x) †K x  a Øviv fvM Ki‡j †h fvM‡kl
ev,  458 + 81k = 0
nq Zv fvM‡kl Dccv‡`¨i mvnv‡h¨
k=5
wbY©q Ki| 2
wb‡Y©q k Gi gvb 5
L. Drcv`K Dccv‡`¨i mvnv‡h¨ P(a) †K
M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e
Drcv`‡K we‡klY Ki| 4
†`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6
M. hw` a  b Ges P(a) = P(b) nq, Z‡e
 P(1) = (1)3 + 6(1)2 + 11( 1) + 6
†`LvI †h, a2 + b2 + ab + 5a + 5b + 6 = 0 4
= 1 + 6  11 + 6
îí 33 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
=0
 {x  (1)} ev (x + 1), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8
Zvn‡j, x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6 P(x) †K (x  a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(a)
= x3 + x2 + 5x2 + 5x + 6x + 6 P(a) = a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8 (Ans.)
= x2(x + 1) + 5x(x + 1) + 6(x + 1) L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8
= (x + 1)(x2 + 5x + 6) x =  4 n‡j, P( 4) = ( 4)3 + 5 ( 4)2 + 6( 4) + 8
= (x + 1) (x2 + 3x + 2x + 6) =  64 + 80  24 + 8
= (x + 1){x(x + 3) + 2(x + 3)} =  88 + 88
= (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) =0
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  77
 (x + 4), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| k~b¨ n‡j G‡`i cÖ‡Z¨KwUi gvb c„_K c„_Kfv‡e
 x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8 k~b¨ n‡e|
= x3 + 4x2 + x2 + 4x + 2x + 8 myZivs,
= x2(x + 4) + x(x + 4) + 2(x + 4) =0 =0 Ges = 0
= (x + 4)(x2 + x + 2) (Ans.) ev, = 0 ev, = 0 ev, = 0
M. GLv‡b, P(x) = x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8 ev, ev, ev, = 0
 P(a) = a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8 a=b b=c c=a
Ges P(b) = b3 + 5b2 + 6b + 8 a=b=c
 P(a) = P(b) myZivs, + + = n‡j, ab + bc + ca = 0 A_ev a = b = c
ev, a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8 = b3 + 5b2 + 6b + 8 (cÖgvwYZ)
ev, a3  b3 + 5a2  5b2 + 6a  6b + 8  8 = 0 M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, = =
ev, a3  b3 + 5(a2  b2) + 6(a  b) = 0  = = = k (awi)
ev, (a  b){a2 + ab + b2 + 5 (a + b) + 6} = 0  =k
ev, (a  b)(a2 + ab + b2 + 5a + 5b + 6) = 0 A_©vr = a .............(i)
nq, (a  b) = 0 A_ev, (a2 + ab + b2 + 5a + 5b + 6) = 0 Avevi, = k
wKš‘, a  b  0  = b ................(ii)
ab Ges = k
 a2 + ab + b2 + 5a + 5b + 6 = 0  = c ................(iii)
ev, a2 + b2 + ab + 5a + 5b + 6 = 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) GLb, evgcÿ = (a + b + c)(x + y + z)
cÖkœ-34 î i) P(x) = 5x3 + 6x2  ax + 6 = (x + y + z) [(i), (ii) I (iii) bs †_‡K]
= (x + y + z)
ii) R = + + 
= (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2  xy  yz  zx)
Ges iii) = =
= (x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz)
K. (x  2) Øviv P(x) †K fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl 6 = (x3  xyz + y3  xyz + z3  xyz)
nq Z‡e a Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 = {x(x2  yz) + y(y2  zx) + z(z2  xy)}
L. R = 0 n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, a = b = c A_ev =x +y +z
ab + bc + ca = 0 4 = ax + by + cz [(i), (ii) I (iii) bs n‡Z]
M. (iii) Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU Abycv‡Zi gvb k = Wvbcÿ
a‡i cÖgvY Ki †h, (a + b + c) (x + y + z)  (a + b + c)(x + y + z) = ax + by + cz (cÖgvwYZ)
= ax + by + cz 4
cÖkœ-35 î GKwU fMœvsk|
îí 34 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
K. ni‡K x  3 Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 5x3 + 6x2  ax + 6
n‡e? 2
(x  2) Øviv P(x) †K fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(2)
L. fMœvskwUi je‡K x  a Ges x  b Øviv
 P(2) = 5.23 + 6.22  a.2 + 6
fvM Ki‡j GKB fvM‡kl _v‡K, †hLv‡b a
ev, P(2) = 40 + 24 + 6  2a
 b Z‡e †`LvI †h,
ev, P(2) = 70  2a
a2 + ab + b2 + 2a + 2b = 0 4
kZ©g‡Z, P(2) = 6
M. fMœvskwU‡K AvswkK fMœvs‡k
ev, 70  2a = 6
cÖKvk Ki| 4
ev, 70  6 = 2a
îí 35 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
ev, 64 = 2a
ev, a = K. awi, (x) = x2 + 2x  3
 a = 32 fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ †_‡K Avgiv Rvwb, (x) = x2 + 2x 
wb‡Y©q a Gi gvb 32 3 †K (x  3) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e (3)
 (3) = 32 + 2.3  3
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, R = + + 
=9+63
ev, + +  = 0
= 12
ev, + +  3   = 0
ni‡K (x  3) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e 12 (Ans.)
ev, = 0
 nq + + = 0
L. awi, fMœvskwUi je P(x) = x3 + 2x2 + 1
ev, = 0
ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, P(x) †K (x  a) Ges (x  b) Øviv
 bc + ca + ab = 0
fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e h_vµ‡g P(a) Ges P(b)
A_ev, + + = 0
 P(a) = a3 + 2a2 + 1
wKš‘ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK eM© ivwki mgwó
Ges P(b) = b3 + 2b2 + 1
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  78
cÖkœg‡Z, P(a) = P(b) GLb, x2 + x  6
ev, a3 + 2a2 + 1 = b3 + 2b2 + 1 = x2  2x + 3x  6
ev, a3  b3 + 2a2  2b2 + 1  1 = 0 = x(x  2) + 3(x  2)
ev, a3  b3 + 2(a2  b2) = 0 = (x  2)(x + 3)
ev, (a  b)(a2 + ab + b2) + {2(a + b) (a  b)} = 0  Q(x) = xR(x)
ev, (a  b)(a2 + ab + b2 + 2a + 2b) = 0 = x(x  2) (x + 3) (Ans.)
nq, a  b = 0 A_ev, a2 + ab + b2 + 2a + 2b = 0 M. =
wKš‘ a  b  0  a  b ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, x3 + x2  6x = x(x  2)(x + 3)
 a2 + ab + b2 + 2a + 2b = 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) =
M. = = x + awi, ≡ + + ............(i)
GLv‡b, GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk| (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K x(x  2)(x + 3) Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB,
awi, ≡ + .............(i) x2  9x  6 ≡ A (x  2) (x + 3) + Bx(x + 3) + Cx(x  2) ...(ii)
mgxKiY (i) Gi Dfqcÿ‡K (x + 3)(x  1) Øviv ¸Y K‡i GLb (ii) bs Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 0 ewm‡q cvB,
cvB, 6 = A(2)(3) + 0 + 0
3x + 1 ≡ A(x  1) + B(x + 3) ..................(ii) ev,  6A =  6
mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x = 1 ewm‡q cvB, A=1
31 + 1 = A(1  1) + B(1 + 3) Avevi mgxKiY (ii) Dfqc‡ÿ x = 2 ewm‡q cvB,
ev, 3 + 1 = A  0 + B.4 4  18  6 = 0 + B . 2(5) + 0
ev, 4 = 4B ev,  20 = 10B
B=1 B=2
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x =  3 ewm‡q mgxKiY (ii) Gi Dfqc‡ÿ x =  3 ewm‡q cvB,
cvB, 9 + 27  6 = 0 + 0 + C(3)(5)
3( 3) + 1 = A( 3  1) + B( 3 + 3) ev, 30 = 15C
ev,  9 + 1 = A( 4) + B  0 C=2
ev,  8 =  4A A, B I C Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) -G ewm‡q cvB,
A=2 =  + (Ans.)
A I B Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) -G ewm‡q cvB, cÖkœ-37 î F(x, y, z) = (x  y)3 + (y  z)3 + (z  x)3
= + K. †`LvI †h, F(x, y, z) GKwU Pµ-µwgK
wb‡Y©q AvswkK fMœvsk, ivwk| 2
=x+ + L. F(x, y, z) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
cÖkœ-36 î P(x) = x2  9x  6, Q(x) = x3 + x2  6x M. x  y = , y  z = , z  x = n‡j, cÖgvY Ki
K. P(x) †K x + 2 Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ †h, pq + qr + rp = 0 A_ev p = q = r 4
n‡e Zv fvM‡kl Dccv‡`¨i mvnv‡h¨ îí 37 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí
†ei Ki| 2 K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, F(x, y, z) = (x  y)3 + (y  z)3 + (z  x)3
L. Q(x) †K Drcv`K Dccv`¨ e¨envi K‡i GLb, F(y, z, x) = (y  z)3 + (z  x)3 + (x  y)3
Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 = (x  y)3 + (y  z)3 + (z  x)3
M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4 = F(x, y, z)
îí 36 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb îí Avevi, F(z, x, y) = (z  x)3 + (x  y)3 + (y  z)3
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = x2  9x  6 = (x  y)3 + (y  z)3 + (z  x)3
P(x) †K x + 2 Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(2). = F(x, y, z)
GLb P(2) = (2)2  9(2)  6  F(x, y, z) = F(y, z , x) = F(z, x, y)
= 4 + 18  6 AZGe, F(x, y, z) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk|
= 16 (Ans.) (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, Q(x) = x3 + x2  6x L. †`Iqv Av‡Q,
= x(x2 + x  6) F(x, y, z) = (x  y)3 + (y  z)3 + (z  x)3
awi, R(x) = x + x  6
2 = (x  y)3 + (y  z)3 + (z  x)3
R(x) Gi gyL¨ mnM 1 Ges aªæe c`  6 = (x  y)3 + y3  3y2z + 3yz2  z2 + z3  3z2x + 3zx2  x3
 6 Gi Drcv`Kmg~‡ni †mU = {1, 2, 3, 6} = (x  y)3 + 3z(x2  y2)  3z2(x  y)  (x3  y3)
 R(1) = 12 + 1  6 =  4  0 = (x  y)3 + 3z(x + y)(x  y)  3z2 (x  y)  (x  y) (x2 + xy + y2)
R(1) = (1)2  1  6 = 6  0 = (x  y){(x  y)2 + 3z(x + y)  3z2  (x2 + xy + y2)}
R(2) = 22 + 2  6 = 0 = (x  y)(x2  2xy + y2 + 3zx + 3yz  3z2  x2  xy  y2)
 (x  2), R(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| = (x  y) {3z(y  z)  3x(y  z)}
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  79
= 3(x  y)(y  z)(z  x) (Ans.) ev, = 0
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, x  y = ev, qr + rp + pq = 0
yz=  pq + qr + rp = 0
Ges z  x = A_ev, + + = 0 (cÖgvwYZ)
ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, [†h‡nZz KZK¸‡jv ivwki e‡M©i mgwó 0 n‡j Zviv c„_K
(x  y)3 + (y  z)3 + (z  x)3 = 3(x  y)(y  z)(z  x) c„_Kfv‡e 0 nq]
ev, (x  y)3 + (y  z)3 + (z  x)3  3(x  y)(y  z)(z  x) = 0   = 0,  =0 Ges  = 0
ev, + +  3  .  = 0 ev,  ev, = ev, =
ev, = 0 p=q q=r r=p
ev, = 0 myZivs pq + qr + rp = 0 A_ev p = q = r
 =0 (cÖgvwYZ)

m„Rbkxj cÖkœe¨vsK DËimn

cÖkœ-38  PjK x GKwU eûc`x P(a) = 2a3 + 2a2 + L. fMœvskwUi ni‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki Ges ni‡K y +
3a + 1 n‡j, 3 Øviv fvM Ki‡j †h fvM‡kl _v‡K Zv fvM‡kl Dccv‡`¨i
K. eûc`x ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2 mvnv‡h¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, cÖ`Ë eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K (2a + 1) M. fMœvskwU‡K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki|4
4 DËi : L. 0
M. eûc`xwU‡K (2a +1) Øviv fvM‡kl KZ n‡e? 4 M. = + +
DËi : M.  cÖkœ-43 î
cÖkœ-39  P(x) = 2x2 + 3 Ges g(x) = y25y + 4 K. fMœvskwU cÖK…Z bv AcÖK…Z Zv wba©viY
K. P(5) wbY©q Ki| 2 Ki| 2
L. g(y) †K (y  4) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvMdj P(5) Gi mgvb L. fMœvskwUi ni‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki Ges
n‡j y-Gi gvb KZ? 4 fMœvskwU‡K GKwU eûc`x Ges GKwU cÖK…Z
M. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j AvswkK fMœvs‡ki †hvMdjiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki| 4
fMœvs‡k wewfbœ ivwk ÔLÕ †_‡K cÖvß ‘y’ Gi M. fMœvskwU‡K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki|4
gv‡bi mgvb n‡j x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 DËi : K. m¤ú„³; L. , x + ;
DËi : (K) P(5) = 53; (L) y = 4, x = 2.05 M. = x + +
cÖkœ-40  PjK x Gi PviwU ivwk n‡jv, (x + 3)(x2 cÖkœ-44 î F(a, b, c) = (a  b)3 + (b  c)3 + (c  a)3
 9)(x3 + 27) Ges (x4  81) |
K. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| 2
K. ivwk¸‡jv n‡Z GKwU cÖK…Z g~j` fMœvsk I
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, F(a, b, c) = 3(a  b)(b  c)(c  a) 4
GKwU AcÖK…Z g~j` I fMœvsk ˆZwi Ki| 2
M. a  b = , b  c = Ges c  a = n‡j †`LvI †h,
L. †K m¤¢ve¨ AvswkK fMœvs‡ki mgwóiƒ‡c cÖKvk
xy + yz + zx = 0 A_ev, x = y = z 4
Ki| 4
M. cÖ_g wØZxq Ges PZz_© ivwkmg~‡ni cÖkœ-45 î P(x) = ax5 + bx4 + cx3 + cx2 + bx + a
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ ivwki mgwói mijgvb K. P(x) Gi gvÎv, aªæe c`, gyL¨ c` I gyL¨ mnM
wbY©q Ki| 4 wbY©q Ki| 2
DËi : K. cÖK…Z, AcÖK…Z; L. x1 Øviv P(x) †K fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl wbY©q Ki|
L. x + ; M. †`LvI †h, x + 1, P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| 4
cÖkœ-41  P(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz M. †`LvI †h, (x  r), P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡j, (rx  1);
Q(x) = x Ges R(x) = (x  1)(x2 + 4) P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| 4
K. P(x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 2 DËi : K. 5, a, ax5, a; L. 2(a + b + c)
L. †K AvswkK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4 cÖkœ-46 î F(a, b, c) = a3 + b3 + c3  3abc
M. x = b + c  a, y = c + a  b, z = a + b  c n‡j †`LvI †h, K. cÖgvY Ki †h, F(a, b, c) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk|2
4P(a, b, c) = P(x, y, z) 4 L. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c)(a 2 + b2 + c2  ab  bc 
DËi : K. (x + y + z) (x + y + z  xy  yz  zx);
2 2 2
ca) = (a + b + c){(a  b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2} 4
L.  M. F = 0 n‡j †`LvI †h, bc + ca + ab = 0
cÖkœ-42  GKwU exRMvwYwZK fMœvsk| A_ev, a = b = c 4
K. hyw³mn fMœvskwUi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 cÖkœ-47 î F(a, b, c) = (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) Ges (a + b
+ c)(ab + bc + ca) = abc n‡j
K. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) GKwU Pµ-µwgK ivwk| 2
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : D”PZi MwYZ  80
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, F(a, b, c) = 0 4 cÖkœ-49 î x, y I z Gi GKwU eûc`x n‡jv, F(x, y,
M. †`LvI †h, (a + b + c)5 = a5 + b5 + c5 4 z) = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz
cÖkœ-48 î P(x) = 5x2  2xy  3y2 nq Z‡e- K. F(a, b, c) wbY©q Ki Ges †`LvI †h, GwU GKwU
K. ivwkwUi c` I cÖ‡Z¨K c‡`i gvÎv wbY©q Ki| 2 Pµ-µwgK I cÖwZmg ivwk| 2
L. P(2, 1) wbY©q Ki| 4 L. †`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) = (a + b + c) {(a  b) + (b  c) + (c  a)2}
2 2

M. ivwkwU‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 4

DËi : K. 3, 2; L. P(2, 1) = 13; M. (x y) (5x + 3y) M. hw` a = y + z  x, b = z + x  y, c = x + y  z nq, Z‡e
†`LvI †h, F(a, b, c) = 4F(x, y, z) 4

Aa¨vq mgwš^Z m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

cÖkœ-50 î †fbwPÎ †_‡K, A  B = (x + 2, x 1}

U x = 2 n‡j, AB = {4, 1}
A B  P(AB) = {{4}, {1}, {4, 1}, }
x  P(B)  P(AB) (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
x+1 x+2
M. †fbwPÎ n‡Z cvB, n(C A  B) = 2x + 3
x+3
x+4
awi, (x) = 2x + 3 = y
x 1
ev, 2x = y 3
ev, x = = 1(y)
2x + 3
C  1(x) =
K. P(x) = 2x2 + 3x n‡j, P( 2) wbY©q Ki| 2 1(3) = = = 0
L. x = 2 n‡j †`LvI †h, P(B)  P(A  B)| 4  1(3) = 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
M. (x) = n (C  A  B) n‡j †`LvI †h, Avevi, awi, x1, x2  †Wvg 
(x) GK-GK dvskb I   1(3) = 0. 4 (x) dvskb GK GK n‡e, hw` I †Kej hw` (x1)
 50 bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  =(x2) Gi Rb¨ x1 = x2 nq|
Zvn‡j, (x1) =(x2)
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P(x) = 2x2 + 3x
 2x1 + 3 = 2x2 + 3
 P(2) = 2(2)2 + 3 (2)
 2x1 = 2x2
= 24 6
 x1 = x2
= 8 6
 (x) GK GK dvskb| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
= 2 Ans.
L. †fbwPÎ †_‡K, B = (x 1, x + 1, x + 2, x + 3)
x = 2 n‡j, B = {1, 3, 4, 5}
 P(B) = {{1}}, {3}, {4}, {5}, {1, 3}, {1, 4}, {1, 5}, {3,
4}, {3, 5}, {4, 5}, {1, 3, 5}, {1, 4, 5}, {3, 4, 5}, {1, 3, 4,
5}, }