MODULE 2
PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND ITS VARIOUS FORMS
Lesson 1: Properties of Matter and How to Separate Them
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:
1. Distinguish between physical and chemical properties.
2. Define physical change and list several common physical changes.
3. Define chemical change and list several indications that a chemical change
has taken place
4. Explain the gas, liquid and solid states in terms of particles
COURSE CONTENT:
1. Define matter and state of matter
2. Properties of solids, liquids and gases
3. Changes in matter: Physical and chemical changes; Phase
changes of matter
PRETEST
I. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is the extrinsic property of a substance?
A. Weight of the substance
B. Composition of the substance
C. Boiling point of the substance
D. All of these
2. Which of the following is an intensive property?
A. Mass C. heat
B. Physical state D. all of these
3. It is the phase of matter, with neither definite volume nor definite shape, its
completely occupies the container.
A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. b & c
4. Determine what composition of change in burning a paper.
A. A paper will turn into original form and belong to physical change.
B. A paper will turn into ash and belong to chemical change.
C. A paper will burn but it will not change.
D. A paper will become wet.
[Link] are the physical properties of Chlorine?
A. I,II& IV C. I, II, & III
B. III& IV D. I& II ONLY
6. Which are the chemical properties of Chlorine?
A. II& IV only C. I& III only
B. IV only D. III only
7. It is the transfer of Chlorine molecule from gas to liquid.
A. Deposition C. Precipitation
B. Sublimation D. Condensation
8. It involves conversion of one substance into another.
A. Elements C. Physical Changes
B. Compounds D. Chemical Changes
9. The basic building blocks of matter and the smallest units of an element that can
combine with other elements.
A. Atom B. Matter C. Mass D. Molecule
10. It is a combination of two or more atoms.
A. Matter B. Mass C. Molecule D. Atoms
11. Which of the following is a chemical change?
A. Iron rusts
B. A pellet of sodium is sliced in two
C. Sodium Chloride dissolves in water
D. Water is heated and changed to steam
12. Which of the following is not a physical change?
A. Ice melting
B. Milk souring
C. Water evaporating
D. Sugar Dissolving in water
13. A chemical property indicates how a substance reacts with something else. The
original substance is fundamentally changed in observing a chemical property. Which of
the following is a chemical property?
A. Density
B. Luster
C. Sour tastes
D. Reacts with acid to form H2 gas
14. Which of the substance can be decomposed a chemical change?
A. Beryllium C. Magnesium
B. Boron D. Methanol
15. Which phase change represents sublimation?
A. Gas → liquid C. Solid → gas
B. Gas → solid D. Solid → liquid
INTRODUCTION
❖ Mass is how much there is of an object. Mass is related to how much something
weighs. Mass and weight are two different things. The unit for mass is a gram. A nickel
has the mass of about one gram.
❖ Objects that take up space and have mass are called matter. Everything around you
is made up of matter. Chocolate cake is made up of matter. You are made of matter. If
you are having trouble understanding matter, look all around you. You can see matter
makes up the walls of your house and your classroom. Matter is large and matter is
small.
❖ STATES OF MATTER
➢ Matter can be classified according to its physical state and its composition
Physical State:Solid Liquid Gas
Classification into different states based upon:
✓ Particle arrangement Energy of particles Distance between particles
State of matter is dependent on temperature and pressure of the surroundings
Anything that you can see and has mass is a matter. The object that represent
hard is Solid, then can mix or dissolve in water is Liquid because the universal solvent is
water and also the oxygen is 95% needed of human being which can’t be seen but we
can feel the fresh air is one of an example of Gas. Look around try to determine if it is
Solid, Liquid, or Gas.
Matter is considered as none living things and has weight and mass. It is very
important in our life because without this we can’t feel, touch, hear, smell and taste
anything that surrounds us.
We Need To Know This
The intensive and extensive properties are components of chemical property.
And it also undergoes a chemical change in which this is substance will react to form
new substances. Like for example in burning a paper; what happen to the paper? Have
you done it before? What do you observe? See, we will notice that the paper will turn
into dust and it will go back into original form. There is a chemical change in burning a
paper. But try to cut into smaller pieces of a paper. What happen to the paper? This will
undergo a physical change because the paper will remain the same size and texture but
the appearance will change.
ACTIVITY 1
1. Focus on the particular object below.
2. Describe and identify if it is physical and chemical change.
3. Identify if it is Physical/ Chemical Properties:
ANALYSIS
Look at this illustration:
I. Identify the Solid, Liquid and Gas;
Argon is_________, Oxygen is____________,
Water is ______________. Use your Periodic Table so you can be able to know the
Elements.
II. Identify if it is Chemical/ Physical Change:
III. Identify if it is Physical/ Chemical Change: ______________1. Melting
IV. Identify if it is Chemical/ Physical Properties:
_________________1. Heavy Object ______________2. Water exists in several
states
CHEMISTRY is a study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the
changes it undergoes:
➢ The two properties of MATTER are: Mass – amount or quantity of matter Volume –
amount of space occupied
➢ Therefore...MATTER is anything that has mass and takes up space.
All matter is composed of atoms.
➢ Atom: Extremely small chemically indivisible particle–Atom is Greek for “that which
cannot be divided”
➢ There is so many different kinds of matter, which are organized by their composition
and properties:
1. Composition - the types and amounts of atoms that make up a sample of
matter
2. Properties - the characteristics that give each substance a unique identity
SOLIDS
Has a definite shape and volume
True solids have very rigid, ordered structures, in fixed positions i.e. high density
atoms held tightly together, therefore incompressible
Atoms move through vibration only, therefore small thermal expansion
LIQUIDS
Has a definite volume, atoms are not widely separated, therefore high density
and small compressibility
no definite shape i.e. follows the shape of its container
Atoms move rapidly enough to slide over one another i.e. ability to flow
Small thermal expansion
GASES
Also known as vapour
No fixed volume or shape, conforms to the volume and shape of its container
Atoms far apart i.e. low density and can be compressed
moving at high speeds, colliding with container, moderate thermal expansion
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Properties of matter allow us to distinguish between substances and classify
them
Can reveal the identity of an unknown substance
Divided into two groups: Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical properties are characteristics that scientists can measure without
changing the composition of the sample under study, such as mass, color, and volume
(the amount of space occupied by a sample).
Chemical properties describe the characteristic ability of a substance to react to
form new substances; they include its flammability and susceptibility to corrosion. All
samples of a pure substance have the same chemical and physical properties. For
example, pure copper is always a reddish-brown solid (a physical property) and always
dissolves in dilute nitric acid to produce a blue solution and a brown gas (a chemical
property).
Extensive properties vary with the amount of the substance and include mass,
weight, and volume.
Intensive properties, in contrast, do not depend on the amount of the
substance; they include color, melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity, and
physical state at a given temperature. For example, elemental sulfur is a yellow
crystalline solid that does not conduct electricity and has a melting point of 115.2 °C.
➢ Moreover, the chemical properties of matter are those that result when a new
substance is produced. Thus, there is a change in the composition of matter. The
addition of fertilizer to the soil causes the plants to grow robust. The exposure of
peeled potatoes to air causes it to oxidize and so, turn brown. Silver jewelry
tarnish. These are the chemical properties of these materials. Other examples of
chemical properties are flammability, corrosiveness and reactivity with acids.
ACTIVITY
I. Identify if the property is extensive or intensive. Write the answer on the space
provided before each number.
_____________1. Color of dye solution
_____________2. Boiling point of salt solution
_____________3. Temperature
_____________4. Hardness of metals
_____________5. Viscosity
II. Identify each of the following either as physical/chemical change.
_____________1. Bleaching a stain
_____________2. Inflating a balloon
_____________3. Chopping a sweet potato
_____________4. Digesting a chocolate bar
_____________5. Developing a polaroid picture
III. Some materials and their uses are indicated in the table below. In column 3,
Describe the properties of the substances which makes it the material of choice
for the given use column 2:
IV. List of Properties: Identify in Column B if Physical/Chemical and Column C if
Intensive/Extensive.
POSTTEST
I. Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is a chemical change?
A. Iron rusts
B. A pellet of sodium is sliced in two
C. Sodium Chloride dissolves in water
D. Water is heated and changed to steam
2. Which of the following is not a physical change?
A. Ice melting
B. Milk souring
C. Water evaporating
D. Sugar Dissolving in water
3. A chemical property indicates how a substance reacts with something else. The
original substance is fundamentally changed in observing a chemical property. Which of
the following is a chemical property?
A. Density
B. Luster
C. Sour tastes
D. Reacts with acid to form H2 gas
4. Which of the substance can be decomposed a chemical change?
A. Beryllium C. Magnesium
B. Boron D. Methanol
5. Which phase change represents sublimation?
A. Gas → liquid C. Solid → gas
B. Gas → solid D. Solid → liquid
6. Which of the following is the extrinsic property of a substance?
A. Weight of the substance
B. Composition of the substance
C. Boiling point of the substance
D. All of these
7. Which of the following is an intensive property?
A. Mass C. heat
B. Physical state D. all of these
[Link] is the phase of matter, with neither definite volume nor definite shape, its completely
occupies the container.
A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. b & c
[Link] what composition of change in burning a paper.
A. A paper will turn into original form and belong to physical change.
B. A paper will turn into ash and belong to chemical change.
C. A paper will burn but it will not change.
D. A paper will become wet.
[Link] are the physical properties of Chlorine?
A. I,II& IV C. I, II, & III
B. III& IV D. I& II ONLY
[Link] are the chemical properties of Chlorine?
A. II& IV only C. I& III only
B. IV only D. III only
[Link] is the transfer of Chlorine molecule from gas to liquid.
A. Deposition C. Precipitation
B. Sublimation D. Condensation
13. It involves conversion of one substance into another.
A. Elements C. Physical Changes
B. Compounds D. Chemical Changes
14. The basic building blocks of matter and the smallest units of an element that can
combine with other elements.
A. Atom B. Matter C. Mass D. Molecule
15. It is a combination of two or more atoms.
A. Matter B. Mass C. Molecule D. Atoms
References
1. Petrucci, Bissonnette, Herring, Madura. General Chemistry: Principles and Modern
Applications. Tenth ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458: Pearson Education Inc., 2011.
2. Cracolice, Peters. Basics of introductory Chemistry An active Learning Approach.
Second ed. Belmont, CA 94001:Brooks/Cole, 2007.
3. Cervantes, C.& Dizon, [Link] Chemistry; for Senior High School (specialized
subject for STEM Strand) OBE and K to 12 Based, 2016.
4. Paul R. Young, Professor of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Wiki:
AskTheNerd; PRY﹫[Link] - pyoung﹫[Link]; [Link]
5. Mendoza, E. Religioso, T. 2008. Chemistry. Third edition