Chapter 4 Problems:

1. If the voltage across a 5-F capacitor is 2𝑡𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑉. Find the current and the power
Solution

𝑑𝑣
𝑖=𝐶
𝑑𝑡
𝒅(𝟐𝒕𝒆−𝟑𝒕 )
𝒊=𝟓 = 𝟓(𝟐𝒆−𝟑𝒕 − 𝟔𝒕𝒆−𝟑𝒕 ) = 𝟏𝟎(𝟏 − 𝟑𝒕)𝒆−𝟑𝒕 𝑨
𝒅𝒕
𝒑 = 𝒗𝒊
𝒑 = 𝟏𝟎(𝟏 − 𝟑𝒕)𝒆−𝟑𝒕 (𝟐𝒕𝒆−𝟑𝒕 )
𝒑 = 𝟐𝟎𝒕(𝟏 − 𝟑𝒕)𝒆−𝟔𝒕 𝑾

2. A current of 6𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡 𝐴 flows through a 2-F capacitor. Find the voltage v(t) across the
capacitor given that v(0)=1 V

Solution:
1 𝑡
𝑣= ∫ 𝑖𝑑𝑡 + 𝑣(0)
𝐶 0

1 𝑡
𝑣 = ∫ 6𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡𝑑𝑡 + 1
2 0
3
𝑣 = (− 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡) ⬚|𝑡0 + 1
4
𝑣 = −0.75𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 + 0.75 + 1
𝑣 = 1.75 − 0.75𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 𝑉
3. A voltage of 6𝑒 −2000𝑡 𝑉 appears a parallel combination of a 100-mF capacitor and a 12 Ω
resistor. Calculate the power absorbed by the parallel combination

Solution
𝑉 6 −2000𝑡
𝑖𝑅 = = 𝑒 = 0.5𝑒 −2000𝑡
𝑅 12
𝒅𝒗 𝒅(𝒆−𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕 )
𝒊𝒄 = 𝑪 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟔 )[−𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒆−𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕 ] = −𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒆−𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕

𝒊 = 𝒊𝑹 + 𝒊𝑪

𝒊 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝒆−𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕 + (−𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒆−𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕 ) = −𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟓𝒆−𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕

𝒑 = 𝒗𝒊
𝒑 = (𝟔𝒆−𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕 )(−𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟓𝒆−𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕 )

𝒑 = −𝟕𝟏𝟗𝟕𝒆−𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕 𝑾

4. Find the voltage across the capacitors in the circuit under dc conditions.
Solution:

Under dc conditions, the circuit becomes

𝒊𝟐 = 𝟎 𝑨

𝟔𝟎
𝒊𝟏 = = 𝟏𝑨
𝟑𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟐𝟎
𝒗𝟏 = 𝟑𝟎𝒊𝟏 = 𝟑𝟎(𝟏) = 𝟑𝟎 𝑽
KVL at loop 2
−𝟔𝟎 + 𝟐𝟎𝒊𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒗𝟐 = 𝟔𝟎 𝑽
5. Determine the equivalent capacitance at terminals a – b

4µF in series with 12µF= CA

(𝟒µ𝑭)(𝟏𝟐µ𝑭)
𝑪𝑨 = = 𝟑µ𝑭
𝟒µ𝑭 + 𝟏𝟐µ𝑭
CA in parallel with 3µF= CB
𝑪𝑩 = 𝟑µ𝑭 + 𝟑µ𝑭 = 𝟔µ𝑭
CB in series with 6µF= Cc
(𝟔µ𝑭)(𝟔µ𝑭)
𝑪𝒄 = = 𝟑µ𝑭
𝟔µ𝑭 + 𝟔µ𝑭
Cc in parallel with 2µF= CD
𝑪𝑫 = 𝟑µ𝑭 + 𝟐µ𝑭 = 𝟓µ𝑭
CD in series with 5µF= Cab
(𝟓µ𝑭)(𝟓µ𝑭)
𝑪𝒂𝒃 = = 𝟐. 𝟓µ𝑭
𝟓µ𝑭 + 𝟓µ𝑭
6. Determine: (a) the voltage across each capacitor, (b) the energy stored in each capacitor.
6µF in series with 3µF= CA
(𝟔𝝁𝑭)(𝟑𝝁𝑭)
𝑪𝑨 = = 𝟐𝝁𝑭
𝟔𝝁𝑭 + 𝟑𝝁𝑭

2µF parallel with CA=CB

𝑪𝑩 = 𝟐𝝁𝑭 + 𝟐𝝁𝑭=4µF
CB in series with 4µF= CT
(𝟒𝝁𝑭)(𝟒𝝁𝑭)
𝑪𝑻 == 𝟐𝝁𝑭
𝟒𝝁𝑭 + 𝟒𝝁𝑭
𝑸𝑻 = 𝑪𝑻 𝑽𝑻 = (𝟐𝝁𝑭)(𝟏𝟐𝟎) = 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝝁𝑪
𝑸𝑻 = 𝑸𝟒𝝁𝑭 = 𝑸𝑩 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝝁𝑪
𝑸𝟒𝝁𝑭 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝝁𝑪
𝒗𝟒𝝁𝑭 = 𝑪𝟒𝝁𝑭
= 𝟒𝝁𝑭
= 𝟔𝟎 𝑽

𝒗𝑨 = 𝒗𝟐𝝁𝑭 = 𝒗𝑩
𝒗𝑩 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 − 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟔𝟎𝑽
𝒗𝟐𝝁𝑭 = 𝟔𝟎 𝑽
𝑸𝑨 = 𝑪𝑨 𝒗𝑨 = (𝟐𝝁𝑭)(𝟔𝟎) = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝝁𝑪
𝑸𝑨 = 𝑸𝟔𝝁𝑭 = 𝑸𝟑𝝁𝑭 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝝁𝑪
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝝁𝑪
𝒗𝟑𝝁𝑭 = = 𝟒𝟎𝑽
𝟑𝝁𝑭
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝝁𝑪
𝒗𝟔𝝁𝑭 = = 𝟐𝟎𝑽
𝟔𝝁𝑭
𝟏
𝒘 = 𝒄𝒗𝟐
𝟐
𝟏
𝒘𝟒𝝁𝑭 = (𝟒𝝁𝑭)(𝟔𝟎)𝟐 = 𝟕. 𝟐𝒎𝑱
𝟐
𝟏
𝒘𝟐𝝁𝑭 = (𝟐𝝁𝑭)(𝟔𝟎)𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝒎𝑱
𝟐
𝟏
𝒘𝟑𝝁𝑭 = (𝟑𝝁𝑭)(𝟒𝟎)𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝒎𝑱
𝟐
𝟏
𝒘𝟔𝝁𝑭 = (𝟔𝝁𝑭)(𝟐𝟎)𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟐 𝒎𝑱
𝟐

7. The current through a 12 mH inductor is 𝑖(𝑡) = 30𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐴, 𝑡 ≥ 0. Determine: (a) the
voltage across the inductor, (b) the power delivered to the inductor at t=1s, c.) the
energy stored in the inductor at t=1s
 Solution
𝑑𝑖
a. 𝑣 = 𝐿 = (12𝑥10−3 )(30𝑒 −2𝑡 − 60𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡 ) = (0.36 − 0.72𝑡)𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑉
𝑑𝑡
b. 𝑝 = 𝑣𝑖 = ((0.36 − 0.72(1))𝑒 −2 (30)(𝑒 −2 ) = −0.1978 𝑊
1 1
c. 𝑤 = 𝐿𝑖 2 = (12𝑥10−3 )((30)(1)(𝑒 −2 )2=98.9 mJ
2 2

8. Find vC, iL, and the energy stored in the capacitor and inductor in the circuit under dc
conditions.

Under dc conditions, the circuit is as shown below:

Using current divider rule
𝟒
𝒊𝑳 = 𝟑 ( = 𝟐𝑨)
𝟒+𝟐

𝒗𝒄 = 𝟎𝑽
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝒘𝑳 = 𝑳𝒊 = ( ) (𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟏𝑱
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒘𝒄 = 𝟎𝑱