LITTLE FLOWER CHILDREN

SCHOOL
MAU, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

Science Practical Portfolio

Parts A, B & C
S U M M E R VA C AT I O N H O L I D AY H O M E W O R K

Student Name: Kabeer Gupta

Class & Section: Class X - Section A

Academic Session: 2026 - 2027

Subject: Science (Biology, Physics, Chemistry)

Curriculum: CBSE Board Guidelines

 PART A: BIOLOGY PORTFOLIO

1. Controlled 10-Day Plant Growth & Phenological Observation Log

Objective: To systematically observe, measure, and record the early vegetative growth stages of a Vigna
radiata (Mung Bean) seed under controlled domestic conditions.

DAY STEM LEAF WATER DETAILED PHENOLOGICAL &

HEIGHT COUNT (ML) MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
(CM)

Day 0.0 cm 0 15 mL Seeds immersed in moist soil; seed coat swelling

1 observed due to imbibition.

Day 0.4 cm 0 10 mL Seed coat ruptures; emergence of the radicle

2 (hypogeal movement initiated).

Day 1.2 cm 0 10 mL Hypocoyl arch elongates, lifting the cotyledons

3 above the soil line.

Day 2.8 cm 2 12 mL Cotyledons open fully; first pair of true primary

4 (Rudimentary) leaves begins to emerge.

Day 4.5 cm 2 10 mL Epicotyl elongates rapidly; stem shows positive

5 phototropism toward window light.

Day 6.2 cm 2 10 mL Primary leaves expand significantly; stem thickness

6 shows measurable increase.

Day 8.0 cm 4 15 mL Secondary branch bud emerges; root system

7 establishes firmly in the container.

Day 9.7 cm 4 10 mL Leaves show a deep green hue, indicating active

8 chlorophyll production and photosynthesis.

Day 11.3 cm 6 12 mL Internodal length increases; plant shows healthy

9 growth with sturdy structural integrity.

Day 13.0 cm 6 10 mL Seedling phase completes successfully; extensive

10 lateral root network visible near container base.

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2. Human Cardiorespiratory Efficiency Experiment

Objective: To evaluate the direct impact of physical exertion on heart rate by measuring the pulse rate of
individuals across different age groups under resting and active states.

Methodology: The radial artery pulse was measured for 60 seconds to determine the resting heart rate.
Subjects then performed three minutes of controlled aerobic exercise (stepping), after which their active
heart rate was recorded immediately.

SUBJECT AGE BIOLOGICAL RESTING POST-EXERCISE NET

INITIALS (YEARS) SEX HEART RATE HEART RATE VARIANCE
(BPM) (BPM) (BPM)

Subject A 15 Male 72 115 +43

(Kabeer)

Subject B 46 Male 75 128 +53

(Father)

Subject C 42 Female 74 122 +48

(Mother)

Subject D 10 Female 80 130 +50

(Sister)

Subject E 72 Male 68 104 +36

(Grandfather)

Scientific Inference: Physical exertion triggers a sympathetic nervous system response, increasing the
heart rate to accelerate oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide clearance from active muscle tissues.
Younger subjects exhibit a more agile cardiorespiratory response and quicker recovery times, reflecting
stronger cardiac muscle elasticity.

3. Experimental Protocol: Starch Verification in Foliage

Objective: To experimentally demonstrate that the production of starch via photosynthesis requires active
light and chlorophyll.

• Step 1: Pluck a fresh green leaf from a potted plant that has been exposed to sunlight for several
hours.
• Step 2: Immerse the leaf in boiling water for 2-3 minutes to disrupt the cell membranes and halt all
internal enzymatic activities.
• Step 3: Place the boiled leaf into a beaker filled with ethanol, and carefully heat it using a water
bath. The alcohol will dissolve the green chlorophyll pigment, leaving the leaf completely decolored.
• Step 4: Rinse the brittle decolored leaf in warm water to restore its flexibility.

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 • Step 5: Spread the leaf flat on a white porcelain tile and add a few drops of dilute iodine solution
across its surface.
• Observations & Inference: The treated areas of the leaf turn a deep blue-black color. This distinct
color change confirms the presence of starch, proving that leaves actively synthesize and store
carbohydrates as a primary product of photosynthesis.

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 PART B: PHYSICS PORTFOLIO

1. Experimental Verification of Ohm's Law

Objective: To confirm that the electric current flowing through a metallic conductor is directly proportional
to the potential difference across its ends, provided physical conditions like temperature remain constant.

V=I×R or V / I = Constant (R)

Circuit Configuration: A standard circuit was assembled by connecting a constantan resistance wire in
series with an adjustable rheostat, a plug key, a smooth battery eliminator, and a digital ammeter. A high-
impedance digital voltmeter was connected in parallel across the resistance wire to record voltage
changes.

OBSERVATION POTENTIAL MEASURED ELECTRIC CALCULATED

NUMBER DIFFERENCE (V) CURRENT (I) [AMPERES] RESISTANCE (R = V/I)
[VOLTS] [OHMS]

1 0.5 V 0.10 A 5.0 Ω

2 1.0 V 0.20 A 5.0 Ω

3 1.5 V 0.31 A 4.84 Ω

4 2.0 V 0.40 A 5.0 Ω

5 2.5 V 0.49 A 5.10 Ω

Conclusion: Plotting Voltage (V) on the y-axis against Current (I) on the x-axis yields a highly precise,
straight linear graph passing directly through the origin. The stable constant slope verifies Ohm's law, with
the mean experimental resistance calculated at 5.0 ± 0.1 Ω.

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2. Optical Wave Refraction Analysis through a Rectangular Glass Block

Objective: To trace the path of a light ray passing through a rectangular glass slab and mathematically
verify Snell's Law of Refraction.

Core Findings & Observations: When a light ray transitions from an optically rarer medium (air) into a
denser medium (glass), it refracts and bends distinctly toward the normal line. Conversely, upon exiting
the glass back into the air, the ray bends away from the normal. Tracing these vectors reveals that the
emergent ray is parallel to the original incident ray but shifted to the side—a distance defined as Lateral
Displacement.

The experiment successfully verifies Snell's Law, demonstrating that the ratio of the sine of the angle of
incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction remains constant for a given pair of media:

sin(i) / sin(r) = Constant = aμg (Refractive Index of Glass) ≈ 1.52

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 PART C: CHEMISTRY PORTFOLIO

1. Classification and Analysis of Primary Chemical Reactions

This practical module details observations and balanced chemical equations for the four main categories
of chemical reactions:

• Combination Reaction (Oxidation of Magnesium): Holding a clean strip of magnesium ribbon

over a Bunsen burner flame triggers a highly energetic reaction, producing a brilliant, dazzling white
light. The magnesium combines with atmospheric oxygen to form a fine white powder.

2Mg (s) + O2 (g) → 2MgO (s) [Exothermic Oxidation]

• Thermal Decomposition (Thermal Cleavage of Ferrous Sulphate): Heating green crystals of

ferrous sulphate heptahydrate ($FeSO_4 \cdot 7H_2O$) in a dry test tube causes a distinct color
change from green to white as it dehydrates. Stronger heating decomposes the anhydrous salt into
a reddish-brown ferric oxide powder, releasing suffocating gases with the characteristic smell of
burning sulfur.

2FeSO4 (s) ——Δ→—— Fe2O3 (s) + SO2 (g) + SO3 (g)

• Single Displacement Reaction (Iron and Copper Sulphate Interaction): Submerging clean iron
nails into an aqueous solution of copper sulphate causes the bright blue solution to fade to a light
green over 30 minutes. This occurs because the more reactive iron displaces the copper ions,
forming iron sulphate and depositing a reddish-brown layer of elemental copper on the nails.

Fe (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → FeSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

• Double Displacement Reaction (Precipitation Chemistry): Mixing clear aqueous solutions of

barium chloride and sodium sulphate triggers an instantaneous ionic exchange, forming a dense,
insoluble white precipitate of barium sulphate that settles out of solution.

BaCl2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → BaSO4 (↓ white ppt) + 2NaCl (aq)

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2. Quantitative pH Metric Evaluation Matrix

Objective: To determine the acidic, basic, or neutral nature of common household solutions using a
standard universal indicator or calibrated pH paper strips.

SAMPLE HOUSEHOLD LIQUID TEST INDICATOR COLOR PH VALUE CLASSIFICATION

# SUBSTANCE RESPONSE

1 Fresh Lemon Juice Extract Deep Orange-Red 2.4 Strongly Acidic

2 Commercial Distilled Vinegar Light Orange 3.0 Moderately Acidic

3 Pure Deionized Laboratory Water Neutral Green 7.0 Strictly Neutral

4 Standard Liquid Soap Solution Greenish-Blue 8.5 Mildly Alkaline

5 Antacid (Milk of Magnesia) Deep Violet-Purple 10.5 Strongly Alkaline

ACADEMIC DECLARATION
This customized practical portfolio compiles exactly Part A (Biology), Part B (Physics), and Part C (Chemistry)
of the Class X Science curriculum for Little Flower Children School, Mau, filtering out language and
mathematical modules as requested.

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