Module 1
Self – the union of element namely: Body, thoughts, feeling or emotions, and
sensations that constitute the individuality and personal identity.
Socrates – Was an ancient Greek philosopher considered to be the Fore runner of Western
Philosophy. The meaning of self is divided into two:
Body- Imperfect and Impermanent
Soul- Perfect and Permanent
Plato – true self of human beings is the reason or the intellect that constitutes their soul
and that is separable from their body. He systematically articulated Socrates’ philosophy.
Socrates greatest student.
Carl Rogers – 3 ideas of Self-concept or Self-awareness according to rogers:
Self-image – the way you see yourself, physical attribute, personality trait.
Self-esteem – overall sense of self
o High self-esteem – confident, accepting your weaknesses, having a positive
outlook in life.
o Low self-esteem – lack of confidence, want to be someone else, worry of what
others think of you.
Ideal self – who you want to become, what you imagine yourself to be.
- Ideal self must be ALIGNED with your self-image.
TIPS ON HOW TO DEVELOP YOURSELF:
1. Self-Acceptance
2. Values and good manners
3. Build on your strengths and work on your weaknesses
4. Maintain a journal
3 KINDS OF PEOPLE IN THE WORLD:
MOVIEGOER – just watch their life go by.
ACTOR – just following the script that is given to you.
SCRIPTWRITER – write and make your life beautiful.
MODULE 2
Fragmentation of life – the state process of breaking or broken into pieces or separate
ways.
WHOLENESS THEORIES
Mind and Body Dualism Theory (Rene Descartes)
– the nature of mind is different from the body. (ex. Male and female, black & white,
yin & yang)
Carl Jung’s Theory
– the split self and recognized the need to restore the fragmented pieces of the
self and 3 ways to becoming a whole person.
Self-realization
Awareness of one’s potentials
Recognition of one’s uniqueness
Gestaltism / Gestalt Theory
– the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Psychological distress or mental
problems are caused by the split self.
ASPECT OF HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT
1. Physical/Physiological Development – points to body and its function.
2. Psychosocial Development – adolescent has 4 tasks to accomplish.
3. Cognitive Development
4. Socio-emotional Development
5. Moral and Spiritual Development – religious affiliations or other spiritual practices.
HOW SHOULD YOU KEEP YOURSELF HEALTHY
Watch what you eat
Keep yourself fit and strong
Avoid abuse of your body
3 COMPONENTS OF SOCIO-EMOTIONAL
1. Physiological – bodily arousal. (ex. Eyes-dilated, mouth-dry, skin-goose bumps)
2. Cognitive – ability to reason out, infer, analyze, etc.
3. Behavioral – outward expression of emotions. (ex. Facial expressions, body language,
manner of speaking)
Independence – creates the large amount of distress for parents. Early adolescents begin
to pull away from their parents and show less interests.
Body Image – adolescents become aware of their physical development. Middle
adolescents.
Peer Relations – become extremely important during adolescence as they pull away from
their family.
Identity – includes the emergence.
Human Development – focuses on human growth and changes across lifespan, including
physical, cognitive, social intellectual, perpetual personality and emotional growth.
JUST LIKE COMPUTER GAMES, OUR LIVES HAVE NUMEROUS STAGES AND TASKS
DEVELOPMENTAK STAGES AND CHARACTERISTICS
1. Pre-natal (conception of birth) – hereditary endowments and sex are fixed.
2. Infancy (birth to 2yrs) – foundation age when basic behavior is organized.
3. Early Childhood (2 to 6yrs) – child needs guidance as it learns right and wrong.
4. Late Childhood (6 to 12yrs) – child learns to get along with age mates, learn physical
skills.
5. Adolescence (puberty to 18yrs) – transition age from childhood to adulthood. Sex
maturation & rapid physical development.
6. Early Adulthood (18 to 40yrs) – age of adjustment. Roles such as spouse, parent, and
bread winner.
7. Middle Age (40yrs to retirement) – adjustment to initial physical and mental decline
are experienced.
8. Old Age (retirement to death) – retirement age, increasingly rapid physical and mental
decline are experienced.
ROBERT J. HAVIGHURST – proponent of developmental tasks for adolescents
MODULE 3
STRESS – how we react when we feel under pressure or threatened.
STRESSOR – an event or situation that causes stress. Leads to stress
Work/ studies > time
Money > environment
Adapting to changes > unexpected events
Relationships
Dr. Hans Selye
- Father of Stress Research
- According to him, when faced with stressful situations, our body reacts in an attempt
to adjust to it.
PHASES
Alarm Phase – recognition of the stressor.
Resistance Phase – restoration of a sense of balance.
Exhaustion Phase – persistence of stressful situation.
TYPE OF STRESS
Eustress: THE GOOD STRESS
- Stress at minimum level. Body performs well under pressure.
Distress: NEGATIVE STRESS
- Stress remaining consistent, tension builds up within the adrenaline.
RICHARD LAZARUS
– theory of cognitive appraisal:
o Primary Appraisal – meaning or importance of a situation.
o Secondary Appraisal – how you cope with the stressful situation.
SPECIFIC STRATEGIES TO HANDLE STRESS
1. Take care of your health
2. Physical activities
3. Relaxation exercise
4. Identifying support groups
Teenagers – Develop at different paces. Same age may not necessarily achieve the same
developmental milestone.
CHALLENGES THAT AN ADOLSCENT FACES
Challenges in the family
School demands
Career decision demands (career choice)
Relationship challenges
Peer pressure
Other challenges
MODULE 4
BRAIN – fist-sized, three pounds organ responsible for the overall functioning of the body.
- Core information – processing unit of the body.
- Main organ responsible for performing tasks such as reading and more.
- A very complex organ. Controls every process such as memory, thoughts, emotions,
motor skills, etc.
INTERESTING BRAIN FACTS
Brain triples in size during the first year of life and stops growing at the age of 18.
Largest brain – sperm whale (20pounds and 9kg).
Adult brain produces enough power to light a 25-watt light bulb.
A massive 75% of the brain is made up of water.
PARTS OF THE BRAIN
1. FRONTAL LOBE – controls important cognitive skills such as judgement, speech,
learning, reasoning, etc.
2. PARIETAL LOBE – organizes sensory information from various body parts. Processes
sensations such as touch, temperature and pain. Also allows us to make controlled
precise movement such as writing.
3. OCCIPITAL LOBE – helps us recognize and understand what we see.
4. TEMPORAL LOBE – linked with memory and recalling past experiences. Also helps us
understand the meaning of linking words. A key in processing emotions and how we feel
about situations.
5. CEREBELLUM – coordinates movement and helps us maintain balance. Muscle actions.
Controls eye movement.
LATERALIZATION OF THE BRAIN
1. LEFT HEMISPHERE (BRAIN FUNCTIONS)
- Analytic thought, Logic, Language, Science & Math
2. RIGHT HENISPHERE (BRAIN FUNCTIONS)
- Holistic thought, Intuition, Creativity, Art & Music
WHOLE BRAIN THEORY
ANALYTICAL
o Rational, Logical, Factual, Objective, Quantitative, etc.
PRACTICAL
o Organized, Step by step, Action oriented, Consistent, etc.
RELATIONAL
o Feeling-oriented, Intuitive, Attuned with other’s feelings, etc.
EXPERIMENTAL
o Creative, artistic, Holistic, integrative, Imaginative, etc.
Well Being – satisfactory condition of existence.
Psychological Well-being – an individual’s state or condition that is free from mental or
emotional condition.
Mental Health – includes Emotional (Feel), Psychological (Think), Social Well-being
(Act).
- Also affects someone’s Physical Health.
- A state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential.
COMMON PROBLEMS AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Problem with attention/focusing (ADHD)
Mood swings (shifting moods, bipolar disorder)
Low self-esteem
Esting problems
Anxiety
Depression
Substance abuse
Emotional Intelligence – ability to understand, use, and manage your emotions.
Emotion – a conscious mental reaction, accompanied by physiological and behavioral
changes in the body. Natural instinctive state of mind.
6 BASIC HUMAN EMOTIONS
Happy
Sad
Fear
Anger
Surprise
Disgust
SALOVEY & MAYER’S THEORY:
- Subset of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one’s own and other’s
feelings and emotions.
GOLEMAN’S THEORY:
5 domains of EI:
o Self-awareness
o Self-management
o Motivation
o Empathy
o Social skills
Thoughts – ideas, attitudes and perception about things. Act of thinking about something.
Feelings – emotions such as happy, sad, mad, frustrated, etc.
Behavior – defined psychology. The way a living organism externally reacts in response
to its environment.
Power Triad
– What you thought is what you feel, what you feel is what you do. It is important for one’s
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to work as one.