Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Geometry is everywhere.
Line, Shape, Form, Pattern, Symmetry, Scale, & Proportion are
the building blocks of both art and math. Geometry offers the
most obvious connection between the two discipline.
Both art and math involve drawing and the use of shapes and
forms, as well as an understanding of special concepts, two and
three dimensions, measurements, estimation, and pattern.
Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Geometric Concepts
Geometric Concepts Chapter 5 Geometric Design
LINE – a straight one-dimensional figure that does not have a thickness, and it
extends endlessly in both directions.
SHAPE – two dimensional figures in which all points lie in the same plane.
Shapes can be open or closed , free form or geometric.
- a shape can be defined as the form of an object or its outline, outer
boundary or outer surface.
Everything we see in the world around us has a shape.
FORM/SPACE or SOLID FIGURES – three dimensional
(having Height, Width, and Depth)
with enclosed volume/mass and help us understand physical space.
(ex. Cubes, Spheres, Pyramids, Cones,& Cylinders)
Geometric Concepts Chapter 5 Geometric Design
PATTERN & REPETITTION – recurrence of elements of art at regular intervals.
(tessellation)
A pattern is a series that is repeated more than one time. This can include a
sequence of words, numbers, shapes and more.
For example, a pattern or sequence of colors could be blue, red, blue, red, blue, etc.
Geometric Concepts Chapter 5 Geometric Design
BALANCE – arrangement of elements to create a sense of equilibrium and harmony.
3 Types of Balance
1. Symmetry
2. Asymmetry
3. Radial Symmetry
1. Symmetry – the shapes and patterns are identical on either side of a central
boundary. The two halves of a work mirror each other.
Geometric Concepts Chapter 5 Geometric Design
BALANCE
2. Asymmetry – arrangement of parts in which the opposite sides divided by a
central line, are not identical
Geometric Concepts Chapter 5 Geometric Design
BALANCE
3. Radial Symmetry – the elements of a composition radiates from central point in
a regular, repeating pattern.
Geometric Concepts Chapter 5 Geometric Design
PROPORTION – in arts, it is the principal of design concerned with the size of
relationships of parts of a composition to each other to the whole.
– In mathematics, proportion is the ratio or relation of one part or
another to the whole with respect to size, and quantity.
Geometric Concepts Chapter 5 Geometric Design
PERSPECTIVE – it is a system for representing three-dimensional objects, viewed in
special recession, on two-dimensional surface.
The simplest form of perspective drawing is linear perspective, a
system that allows the artist to trick the eye into seeing depth on a flat surface.
– it uses sets of implied lines called converging or orthogonal lines that
move closer together in the apparent distance until they merge at an imaginary
vanishing point in the horizon.
Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Levels of Geometric Thinking
Levels of Geometric Thinking Chapter 5 Geometric Design
VAN HIELE THEORY OF GEOMETRIC THINKING
5 Levels of thinking and understanding in geometry
(Level 0)Visualization (Basic Visualization or Recognition)
At this level, the observer use visual perception and nonverbal thinking.
They recognize geometric figures by their shapes as “a whole” and compare the
figures with their prototypes or everyday things (“it look like door”), categorize
them (“it is/ it is not a…”). They use simple language. They do not identify the
properties of geometric figures. The pupils describe figures on the basis of their
appearance. (Ex: “Squares and rectangles seems to be different”)
(Level 1) Analysis (Description)
The observer start analyzing and naming properties of geometric figures.
They do not see relationships between properties . They think all properties are
important. They do not see a need for proof of facts discovered empirically. They
can measure, fold and cut paper, use geometric software. The observer describe
shapes on the basis of their properties.
(Ex: Rectangles have four sides)
Levels of Geometric Thinking Chapter 5 Geometric Design
VAN HIELE THEORY OF GEOMETRIC THINKING
5 Levels of thinking and understanding in geometry
(Level 2)Abstraction (Informal Deduction or Ordering or Relation)
The observer perceive relationships between properties and figures.
They create meaningful definitions and able to give simple arguments to justify
their reasonings. They can draw logical maps and diagrams, uses sketches, grid
paper, and geometric software. The observer recognize the importance of
properties and the relationships among them, which assist them in logically
ordering the properties of shapes.
(Ex: Simple deduction can be followed, but proof is not understood)
(Level 3)Deduction (Formal Deduction)
The observer can give deductive geometric proofs. They are able to
differentiate between necessary and sufficient conditions. They identify which
properties are implied by others. They understood the role of definitions,
theorems, axioms, and proofs. They attain logical reasoning ability and proves
theorems deductively. (Ex: Proofs can be written with understanding.)
Levels of Geometric Thinking Chapter 5 Geometric Design
VAN HIELE THEORY OF GEOMETRIC THINKING
5 Levels of thinking and understanding in geometry
(Level 4) Rigor
The observer understand the way mathematical systems are established.
They are able to use all types of proofs. They comprehend Euclidean and non-
Euclidean geometry. They are able to describe the effect of adding or removing
an axiom on a given geometric system. They stablished and analyze theorems in
different postulations systems.
(Ex: Non-Euclidean geometry can be understood)
Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Transformations
Transformations Chapter 5 Geometric Design
It refers to the movement of objects in the coordinate plane.
(Jennifer Beddoe, 2003).
Geometric transformations involve taking a preimage and transforming it in
some way to produce an image.
Categories of Transformation
❖ RIGID Transformation – does not change the shape or size of the
preimage.
❖ NON-RIGID Transformation – will change the size but not the shape
of the preimage.
TYPES OF TRANSFROMATION
1. ROTATION – is rotating an object about a
fixed point without changing its size
and shape.
Transformations Chapter 5 Geometric Design
TYPES OF TRANSFROMATION
2. TRANSLATION is moving an object in
space without changing its size, shape
or orientation. A translation is performed
by moving the preimage to the
requested number of space.
3. DILATION is expanding or contracting an
object without changing its shape or
orientation. Also known as resizing,
contraction, compression, enlargement
or even expansion. The shapes
become bigger or smaller.
Transformations Chapter 5 Geometric Design
TYPES OF TRANSFROMATION
4. REFLECTION is flipping an object across a line without changing it’s size or
shape.
Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Measure in 2&3 Dimensional Shapes
Measure in 2 Dimensional Shapes Chapter 5 Geometric Design
The two common measures made in two dimension figures are PERIMETER and AREA
Measure in 3 Dimensional Shapes Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Two common measures made in three dimension figures are VOLUME and
SURFACE AREA
Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Fractal Geometry
Fractal Geometry Chapter 5 Geometric Design
A fractal is a shape made of parts similar to the whole in some way. The single part
are produced in repeating patterns which create a bigger of the individual parts. Fractal differ
from geometric designs due to its infinite scale range.
Fractal can be found in nature such as fern leaves, broccoli, river networks, fault lines,
lightnings bolts, trees, algae, pineapple, heart rate, snowflakes, ocean waves, DNA and
Proteins.
Fractal Geometry Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Sierpinski Triangle – a famous fractal that forms a geometric pattern as the midpoints of the
sides of a triangle are connected, creating four more triangles the sides of which are
connected, and so on
GEOMETRY IN ARTS & CULTURE Chapter 5 Geometric Design
In ISLAMIC ART the most common figure seen is the circle. It is known to represent
the primordial symbol of unity. It is also believed to be the ultimate source of all diversity in
creation. The natural division of circle is the basis for many traditional Islamic patterns.
GEOMETRY IN ARTS & CULTURE Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Geometric Arts in IFUGAO
Rare handwoven Lidded
Basket of Ifugao Tribe
Philippines
Ifugao Chicken Coop
GEOMETRY IN ARTS & CULTURE Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Geometric Arts of ISRAEL
Star of Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, Israel
David
GEOMETRY in the BODY Chapter 5 Geometric Design
The shape of the DNA and the arrangement of cells in our body are seen as highly
ordered structures following a geometrical pattern. The relative length of the different body
parts illustrates the beauty of God’s creation in human being.
GEOMETRY in the GARDEN Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Geometry is seen in the arrangement of plants in a garden. The garden contains
geometric shapes as exhibited in the leaves and flowers
GEOMETRY in STONES Chapter 5 Geometric Design
The crystalline forms of gems and stones exhibit geometry. The patterns found in
gems follow a specific cut that resembles basic geometric shapes
GEOMETRY in the SEA Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Similar shapes and patterns are also seen in the sea waves or the sand dunes in the
dessert. Sea shells show patterns of the Fibonacci spiral
GEOMETRY in the HEAVENS Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Nature’s patterns are echoed in the movement of planets and stars and the cycles of
the moon. Many spiritual beliefs rest on astrology.
GEOMETRY in MUSIC Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Music produced by vibrations in specific patterns. Certain sound sequences can
stimulate the intellect, inspire creativity, and evoke a deep sense.
Activity Chapter 5 Geometric Design
Instructions: Using the applications of Geometric Design, draw/design your Own House Plan
(Perspective view).
Write a short description. (100 < words < 200)
Rubric
Originality 10
Creativity 15
Craftmanship 10
Total 35
Examples of house designs are posted below for your
reference.
End of chapter 5
Sample Pictures