Java Conditional
Statements
What Are Conditional Statements?
Conditional statements allow a program to make decisions and execute different
blocks of code based on whether a condition is true or false.
* Decision Making-Execute specific code only when a condition is met
* Flow Control-Direct the program along different paths of execution
* Boolean Logic-Conditions evaluate to either true or false
Types of Conditional Statements
1. if statement : If a condition is true then only execute the code.
2. if-else statement : Choose between two paths.
3. if-else-if-else ladder : Checks multiple conditions in order.
4. Nested - if : If statement inside another is statement.
5. Switch statement : Picks one case from fixed values.
cleaner than if-else chains.
6.
The if Statement
SYNTAX
How it works
if (condition) { 1 Condition is evaluated first
// code block
2 If true → code block executes
}
3 If false → block is skipped
EXAMPLE
4 Condition must return boolean
int age = 20;
if (age >= 18) {
[Link](
Output:Right age for vote
“Right age for vote");
}
The if-else Statement
EXAMPLE
condition is true?
int number = 7;
true false
if (number%2 == 0) {
[Link](“Even");
} if block runs else block runs
else {
[Link](“Odd");
}
Key Points
▸ Only one block executes
▸ else is optional in if-else
Output: Odd
▸ Use for two-way decisions
The if-else-if Ladder
Grade Ladder
int marks = 85;
marks ≥ 90 A+
if (marks >= 90) {
[Link] (" grade A+ ");
}
else if (marks >= 80) {
[Link] (" grade A ");
marks ≥ 80 A
}
else if (marks >= 70) {
}
[Link] (" grade B"); marks ≥ 70 B
else {
[Link] (" grade C");
} otherwise C
Output: grade A
Nested - if Statements
int age = 20;
Boolean haslicence=true;
if (age >= 18)
if (haslicence)
{
[Link](“Can Drive");
}
Output:
Can Drive
The switch Statement
Key Components
int day = 3;
switch (day) { switch Evaluates one variable/expression
case 1: [Link]("Mon“);
break;
case 2: [Link](“Tues“);
break; case Matches specific value to execute
case 3: [Link](“Wed“);
break;
case 4: [Link](“Thurs“);
break; break Exits switch block (prevents fall-through)
default:
[Link](“Invalid
Day“);
default Runs when no case matches
}
Output: Wed
When to Use Which?
Statement Best Used When Example Use Case
if Single condition check Validate user input
if-else Two possible outcomes Login success / failure
if-else-if-
Multiple range conditions Grade classification
Ladder
Can Drive
Nested - if If inside another if
switch Match exact discrete values Day of week, menu choice
📌 switch is faster than long if-else-if chains for exact value matching (uses jump table internally).
Summary
if Executes block only when condition is true
if-else Chooses between two blocks based on condition
if-else-if Multiple conditions checked in sequence (ladder)
Nested - if Nested if conditions checked
switch
Matches variable to discrete values; needs break
What Are Conditional Statements?
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