CONTENTS
ABSTRACT i
LIST OF FIGURES ii
LIST OF TABLES iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1-2
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Importance of Low-Power Design 1
1.3 Challenges in Conventional Flip-Flops 1
1.4 Modified Feedback Sleeper Stack (MFSS) Technique 2
1.5 Relevance to the Project 2
1.6 Conclusion 2
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 3-7
2.1 Overview 3
2.2 Design of Low-Power, High-Speed CMOS D Flip-Flop Using
Supply Voltage Level (SVL) Methods 3
2.2.1 Problem Addressed 3
2.2.2 Methodology 3
2.2.3 Reported Behaviour 3
2.2.4 Observations and Relevance 4
2.3 Modified Feedback Sleeper-Stack (MFSS): Advanced Leakage
Reduction for Portable Devices 4
2.3.1 Problem Addressed 4
2.3.2 Methodology 4
2.3.3 Reported Behaviour 4
2.3.4 Observations and Relevance 4
2.4 Feedback Sleeper-Stack (FS-S): Subthreshold Leakage Power
Reduction 4
2.4.1 Problem Addressed 4
2.4.2 Methodology 5
2.4.3 Reported Behavior 5
2.4.4 Observations and Relevance 5
2.5 Combining MTCMOS and Stack Techniques for Low-Power
VLSI: Case Study of a 4-bit Asynchronous Up-Counter 5
2.5.1 Problem Addressed 5
2.5.2 Methodology 5
2.5.3 Key Findings 6
2.5.4 Observations and Relevance 6
2.6 Low-Power Design Techniques and Implementation Strategies in
VLSI 6
2.6.1 Scope 6
2.6.2 Core Concepts Relevant to This Work 6
2.6.3 Observations and Relevance 6
2.7 Cross-Paper Synthesis 6
2.7.1 Converging Themes 6
2.7.2 Divergences and Gaps 7
2.8 Summary 7
CHAPTER 3: SCOPE AND AIM OF THE PROJECT 8-9
3.1 Introduction 8
3.2 Aim of the Project 8
3.3 Scope of the Project 8
3.3.1 Technical Scope 8
3.3.2 Application Scope 9
3.3.3 Research Scope 9
3.4 Objectives 9
3.5 Conclusion 9
CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY 11-15
4.1 Introduction 11
4.2 Design Flow 11
4.3 Block Diagram 12
4.3.1 Working Principle 12
4.3.2 Role in Sequential Circuits 13
4.4 Tools and Technology Used 13
4.5 Methodology for MFSS-Based Design 13
4.6 Conclusion 14
CHAPTER 5: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 15-18
5.1 Introduction 15
5.2 Conventional D Flip-Flop Design 15
5.3 MFSS-Based D Flip-Flop Design 16
5.5 Conclusion 17
CHAPTER 6: SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS 18-20
6.1 Introduction 18
6.2 Simulation Environment 18
6.3 Functional Simulation 18
6.4 Power Analysis 19
6.5 Delay Analysis 19
6.6 Power-Delay Product (PDP) 19
6.7 Comparison with Existing Conventional D Flip-Flop 20
CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 21-22
7.1 Conclusion 21
7.2 Future Scope 21
REFERENCES 23