Unit 7 Notes
Section 1 - Exponential Functions, Inverses, and Logarithmic Functions
7.2 Video - Exploring Exponential Models
● Exponential functions have the form:
○ y = abˣ
● a is the starting value.
● b is the growth or decay factor.
● If b > 1, the function shows exponential growth.
● If 0 < b < 1, the function shows exponential decay.
● Exponential models change by multiplying by the same factor over equal time
intervals.
● Examples include population growth, investments, and radioactive decay.
● The y-intercept is the initial value.
7.2a Interactive Activity - Exploring Exponential Models
● Identified exponential growth and decay.
● Found the initial value.
● Determined the growth or decay factor.
● Compared exponential models to linear models.
● Graphed exponential functions from tables.
7.3 Video - Properties of Exponential Functions
● General form:
○ y = abˣ
● Domain:
○ All real numbers.
● Range:
○ y > 0 when a is positive.
● Horizontal asymptote:
○ y = 0
● Exponential growth increases faster over time.
● Exponential decay gets closer and closer to zero but never reaches it.
● Larger growth factors create steeper graphs.
● The graph never crosses the x-axis.
7.3a Interactive Activity - Properties of Exponential Functions
● Identified domain and range.
● Located horizontal asymptotes.
● Compared different exponential graphs.
● Determined whether functions showed growth or decay.
● Matched equations with graphs.
7.4 Video - Exponential Functions and Their Inverses
● Logarithmic functions are the inverse of exponential functions.
● Exponential form:
○ bˣ = y
● Logarithmic form:
○ logᵦ(y) = x
● To find an inverse:
○ Replace y with f(x).
○ Switch x and y.
○ Solve for y.
● The graph of an inverse is reflected across the line y = x.
● Domain and range switch when finding an inverse.
7.4a Interactive Activity - Exponential Functions and Their Inverses
● Converted exponential equations into logarithmic form.
● Converted logarithmic equations into exponential form.
● Found inverses of exponential functions.
● Identified reflected graphs.
● Compared domains and ranges of inverse functions.
Section 2 - Properties and Applications of Logarithms
7.6 Video - Logarithms and Their Graphs
● A logarithm answers the question:
○ "What exponent gives this number?"
● General form:
○ y = logᵦ(x)
● Domain:
○ x > 0
● Range:
○ All real numbers.
● Vertical asymptote:
○ x = 0
● The graph increases slowly.
● Logarithmic graphs are reflections of exponential graphs across y = x.
7.6a Interactive Activity - Logarithms and Their Graphs
● Graphed logarithmic functions.
● Identified domain and range.
● Located vertical asymptotes.
● Compared logarithmic graphs to exponential graphs.
● Practiced graph reflections.
7.7 Video - Properties of Logarithms
● Product Property:
○ log(a × b) = log(a) + log(b)
● Quotient Property:
○ log(a/b) = log(a) - log(b)
● Power Property:
○ log(aⁿ) = n log(a)
● Simplified logarithmic expressions using these properties.
● Expanded and condensed logarithms.
7.7a Interactive Activity - Properties of Logarithms
● Expanded logarithmic expressions.
● Condensed multiple logarithms into one.
● Applied product, quotient, and power properties.
● Simplified answers completely.
7.8 Video - Change of Base
● Used when a calculator cannot evaluate a logarithm directly.
● Formula:
○ logᵦ(a) = log(a) / log(b)
● Natural logarithms use base e.
● Common logarithms use base 10.
● The change of base formula works with either base 10 or base e.
7.8a Interactive Activity - Change of Base
● Converted logarithms into calculator-friendly form.
● Used both common logs and natural logs.
● Solved logarithms with different bases.
● Checked answers with a calculator.
7.9 Video - Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
● To solve exponential equations:
○ Rewrite both sides with the same base if possible.
○ If not possible, use logarithms.
● To solve logarithmic equations:
○ Rewrite in exponential form.
○ Solve the equation.
○ Check for extraneous solutions.
● Logarithms can only have positive arguments.
● Any negative or zero value inside a logarithm is undefined.
7.9a Interactive Activity - Solving Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
● Solved exponential equations using common bases.
● Solved equations using logarithms.
● Solved logarithmic equations by converting to exponential form.
● Checked every solution.
● Identified extraneous solutions.