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Unit 4 USLO Notes

The document outlines the types, functions, and locations of epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues, as well as the processes involved in tissue repair. Epithelial tissues serve various functions including protection and secretion, while connective tissues provide support and transportation. The document also details the characteristics and healing processes of these tissues, including inflammation and regeneration.

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3 views5 pages

Unit 4 USLO Notes

The document outlines the types, functions, and locations of epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues, as well as the processes involved in tissue repair. Epithelial tissues serve various functions including protection and secretion, while connective tissues provide support and transportation. The document also details the characteristics and healing processes of these tissues, including inflammation and regeneration.

Uploaded by

Kelsey Pichardo
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

USLO 4.1 Distinguish the types, functions, and locations of epithelial tissues.

4 Types of Tissues
1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous
Epithelial Locations
• Cover the body surfaces
• Lines cavities
• Lines tubular structures
Epithelial Functions
• Provide physical protection
• Control permeability
• Provide sensation
• Produce specialized secretion
How to Identify Epithelial Tissue
• Number of Layers and Shape
o Layers
 Simple- single layer
 Stratified- many layers
o Shapes
 Squamous- flat
 Cuboidal- cubed
 Columnar- columns
• Locations of specific epithelial tissues
o Simple Squamous
 Lining of cavities, vessels
o Stratified Squamous
 Skin, lining of digestive tract (exposed to environment)
o Simple Cuboidal
 Kidney tubules, thyroid gland
o Stratified Cuboidal (Rare)
 Ducts of sweat and mammary glands
o Simple Columnar
 Stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes
o Stratified Columnar (Rare)
 Pharynx, epiglottis, anus, urethra
o Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
 Lining of the nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi
o Transitional Epithelium (stretch)
 Bladder
o Glandular Epithelium
 Exocrine (discharge on the surface); ducts
• Types of glands
o Merocrine
o Apocrine
o Holocrine
• Types of Secretions
o Serous
o Mucous
o Mixed
 Endocrine (release directly into surrounding tissue fluid and blood);
ductless

USLO 4.2 Distinguish the types, functions, and locations of connective tissues.

Components
• Specialized cells
• Extracellular protein fibers
• Extracellular ground substance
Functions
• Support and Protection
• Transportation
• Storage
• Defense
3 Major Types of Connective Tissue
1. Connective Tissue Proper
o Loose
 Areolar
 Adipose
 Reticular
o Dense
 Regular
 Irregular
2. Supportive Tissue
o Cartilage
 Hyaline
 Fibro
 Elastic
o Bone
3. Liquid
o Blood
o Lymph

USLO 4.3 Differentiate the three types of epithelial membranes.

4 Types of Tissue Membranes


• Mucous
o Digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts
o Mucous glands
• Serous
o Body cavities close to the exterior of the body
o Serous glands
• Cutaneous (Skin)
o Body surface
• Synovial
o Joint cavities

USLO 4.4 Distinguish the types, functions, and locations of muscle tissues.

3 Types of Muscle Tissue (Specialized for contraction)


1. Skeletal
o Most abundant
o Striated
o Multinucleated
o Poor regeneration
o Voluntary
2. Cardiac (Heart)
o Striated
o One nucleus
o Intercalated discs
o Poor regeneration
o Involuntary
3. Smooth
o Non striated
o Good regeneration
o Involuntary

USLO 4.5 Distinguish neurons and neurological cells or nervous tissue.

Neural Tissue (Specialized for transmitting electrical impulses)


• Two Types of Neural Cells
1. Neurons (Nerve cell) (Lead Role)
 Limited ability to repair
2. Neuroglia
 Supporting cells (supporting actor)
• Parts of a Neuron (Nerve Cell)
o Cell Body (Soma)
 Nucleus
o Dendrites
 Branches off the cell body
 Transmits messages to the nucleus inside the cell body
o Axon
 Carries the outgoing messages from the nucleus inside the cell body
o Axon Terminals
 How we communicate with the next cell
Neuroglial Cells
• CNS
o Astrocytes
 Largest
 Most numerous
 Maintain BBB
o Oligodendrocytes
 Wrap the axons
o Microglial
 Smallest
 Least numerous
 Phagocytic
o Ependymal
 Line cavities with CSF
• PNS
o Satellite Cells
 Like Astrocytes
o Schwann Cells
 Like Oligodendrocytes

USLO 4.6 Differentiate the steps in the repair of tissue injury.

Two Processes to Respond to Injury


1. Inflammation (swelling, heat, redness, pain)
o Triggers
 Trauma
 Infection
 Extreme temperatures
o Response
 Mast cells (histamine and heparin)
2. Regeneration
o Fibroblast  scar tissue
 Fibrosis permanent replacement of normal tissue
o Cells that have good regeneration
 Epithelial, CT, Smooth Muscle
o Cells that have poor regeneration
 Cardiac Muscle, Skeletal Muscle, Neural Tissue
Phases of Tissue Healing
1. Inflammation
• Release of inflammatory chemicals
• Histamine and heparin
• Dilation of blood vessels
• Increase in vessel permeability
• Clotting occurs
2. Proliferation
• The blood clot is replaced with granulation tissue
• Epithelium begins to regenerate
• Fibroblasts produce collagen fibers to bridge the gap
• Debris is phagocytized
3. Remodeling
• The scab detaches
• Fibrous tissue matures; epithelium thickens and begins to resemble adjacent tissue
• Results in a fully regenerated epithelium with underlying scar tissue

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