PA R T - B
MINI PRACTICAL FILE
Biology Activity Notebook
NAME: Kabeer
CLASS: Class 9
SUBJECT: Biology
TOPIC: Life Processes
1
INDEX
TEACHER'S
[Link]. DATE EXPERIMENT / TOPIC
SIGN
1 Laboratory Safety Rules
2 Study of Laboratory Apparatus
3 Experiment 1: Temporary mount of onion peel
4 Experiment 2: Iodine test for starch presence
5 Experiment 3: Parts of a plant (Root, Stem, Leaf)
6 Experiment 4: Demonstration of transpiration
7 Experiment 5: Light requirement for photosynthesis
8 Important Biological Terminologies
1. LABORATORY SAFETY RULES
1. Wear Protective Gear: Always wear a clean lab coat and protection goggles when handling
chemical stains or spirit burners.
2. Handle Glassware with Care: Inspect test tubes, slides, and coverslips before use. Report any
cracks or breakage to the teacher immediately.
3. No Food or Drinks: Strictly avoid eating, drinking, or chewing gum inside the biology laboratory to
prevent accidental ingestion of chemicals or toxins.
4. Follow Instructions Explicitly: Do not touch, taste, or inhale any biological specimen, chemical
stain, or razor/scalpel tool without explicit permission.
5. Sanitization: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and disinfectant water immediately after handling
biological tissues, live materials, or microscopic preparations.
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2. LABORATORY APPARATUS
1. Compound Microscope
Description & Use: A fundamental optical instrument equipped with multiple lenses (eyepiece and
objective lenses) to magnify small biological samples, cells, and tissues that are otherwise invisible to
the naked eye.
[Draw and Label: Compound Microscope Diagram here]
(Label: Eyepiece, Objective Lens, Stage, Mirror, Coarse Adjustment)
2. Test Tube & Test Tube Stand
Description & Use: Cylindrical glass tubes used to scale, hold, mix, or gently heat small amounts of
liquid reagents. The stand keeps them oriented vertically to avoid spillage.
3. Dropper & Watch Glass
Description & Use: A dropper delivers liquid reagents drop-by-drop for precise staining. A watch glass
holds small quantities of specimen peels, slices, or liquids during preparation.
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3. THE 5 EXPERIMENTS
Note: Recorded format limited strictly to Aim and Observation as instructed.
Experiment 1
Aim: To prepare a temporary stained mount of an onion peel to study plant cells under a
microscope.
Observation: Under the microscope, a clear pattern of linear, rectangular plant cells is visible.
Each cell features a distinct protective cell wall, a large clear central vacuole, a thin peripheral layer
of cytoplasm, and a prominent nucleus pushed towards the side boundary.
Experiment 2
Aim: To test the presence of starch in a given food sample (e.g., a potato slice) using an iodine
solution.
Observation: Upon dispensing a few drops of dilute iodine solution onto the freshly cut potato
sample surface, the initial yellowish-brown tincture undergoes an immediate chemical color
transition into an intense, deep blue-black complex, confirming starch content.
Experiment 3
Aim: To study and visually identify the primary vegetative structural parts of a flowering plant.
Observation: The regular morphological structure exhibits clear differentiation into three
essential components:
• Roots: The descending underground network designed for anchorage and moisture absorption.
• Stem: The primary erect ascending axis bearing nodes, branches, and leaves for mechanical
support and vascular conduction.
• Leaves: Flattened, green, chlorophyll-rich lateral expansions optimized for capturing light
energy.
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Experiment 4
Aim: To demonstrate the structural process of transpiration in terrestrial plants using a clear
polythene cover.
Observation: After exposing a sealed, clear polythene wrap enclosing a healthy potted plant to
direct solar rays for 2-3 hours, visible arrays of miniature **water droplets** condense and bead
along the inner plastic walls, proving gaseous moisture escape from leaves.
Experiment 5
Aim: To show experimentally that solar light radiation is mandatory for the synthesis of starch via
photosynthesis.
Observation: Following an iodine test on a partially masked leaf, the specific section that was
completely shielded from light by black paper strips shows no color response (remains pale
brown). Conversely, the unmasked sections exposed to light turn sharply blue-black.
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4. IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGIES
Cell: The basic, structural, functional, and biological unit component of all known living
macro and micro organisms.
Photosynthesis: The chemical metabolic process by which green, autotrophic plants synthesize
organic glucose compounds from raw inorganic carbon dioxide and water molecules utilizing captured
photons of sunlight absorbed via chlorophyll pigments.
Transpiration: The physiological loss of excessive internal moisture content in the form of clean
water vapor moving into the atmosphere from stomatal openings or aerial surfaces of plant tissues.
Osmosis: The spontaneous net physical diffusion or movement of solvent water molecules
across a semi-permeable lipid membrane barrier from an area of higher potential water concentration
to an area of lower concentration.
Tissue: An organized collection or grouping of structurally analogous cellular units that
work collectively to perform a highly specified, common metabolic task.